History Midterm

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided the world between Spain and Portugal This document drew a line down the globe, giving Spain everything West of that line and Portugal everything East of that line, in an effort to prevent conflicts between the two.

Juan Ponce de León

Explored florida

Christopher Columbus's claim that the world was round was widely mocked by his contemporaries, who warned that he would sail off the edge of the world.

FALSE

Christopher Columbus

From Genoa, Italy, although he learned to sail for the Portuguese. During his initial voyages, he became interested in the idea of reaching Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. Although he did not know it at the time, this plan was based on several errors.

Put yourself in the position of the native peoples. What would you think of the Spaniards? What sources of conflict and misunderstanding might arise between your people and the Spanish?

I would not think very highly of the Spaniards if I was a native because of the way they treated them. For example, encomienda is where they took the native's land and used them as land laborers where they were treated as slaves. I would definitely not be able to be treated like a door mat like the natives were.

Jaques Cartier

In service of the French, sailed up the St. Lawrence River

John Cabot

Italian navigator sent by England to explore the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed past Nova Scotia and explored the coast of Newfoundland. He hoped to find the fabled "Northwest Passage," an easy water-route across North America leading to the Pacific. While he did not find the Northwest Passage, Cabot claimed everything he saw, as well as the lands beyond that, for England.

Christopher Columbus explored and founded this settlement on an island he names "Hispaniola" (Present day Dominican Republic)

La Navidad

Encomienda

Large lands of grants and Indians to work them

Hernando de Soto

Led a brutal expedition through the southeast accompanied by an army of approximately six hundred soldiers, two hundred horses, herds of pigs, and dogs (some of them wearing spiked metal collars) who had been trained to attack. The expedition searched for gold, other treasures, fame, and power.

Francesco Vasquez de Coronado

Led another expedition of Spanish soldiers and Indian allies north from Mexico in search of treasures

Atlantic World

Linked peoples and nations that bordered the Atlantic Ocean—including the two Americas, Europe, and Africa—together in a web of exchange, conquest, settlement, trade, and slavery.

What nation was the first to participate in the modern African slave trade?

Portugal

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese seamen sailed their new caravels southward along the African coast under this leader

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Reached the Pacific Ocean by crossing the narrow Isthmus of Panama

Bartolomeu Dias

Rounded the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa)

Ferdinand Magellan

Sailing for Spain, traveled down the coast of South America, rounded its southern tip, and crossed the Pacific to the Philippines. In 1534

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

requiremento

Spanish for "demand" or "requirement"

In textbooks, the Americas are often called the "new world." How would you evaluate the use of this term? Should the Americas be called a "new world?" Why or why not?

The Americas were a "new world" to the Europeans. But to the Native Americans, this was not a newfound land, this was their home. It depends on which perspective you want to look at it from. America was not technically a "new" world because it was already discovered and had settlers.

Tenochtitlán

The Aztec capital conquered by the Spanish

Briefly describe the role of the nation-state in spurring the Age of Exploration.

The nation-state had a better and stronger bureaucracy that could afford to promote exploration.

Nation State

This included the development of national courts, laws, armies, bureaucracies, and tax collection systems

Vasco da Gama

Traveled all of the ways around the Cape of Good Hope to India, making him the first European explorer to sail directly from Europe to India

Encomieda

Under this system, Spanish conquistadors received large grants of Indian lands and native slaves to work the land. In exchange for native labor and tribute, conquistadors were supposed to provide protection and education for "their" native peoples. In reality, however, Indians rarely if ever benefited from this system. Instead, it enriched the Spanish and led to the mistreatment of native peoples.

Norse colonization of the Americas...

Visited present-day Iceland, Greenland, and Canada.

Of the thirty-nine men that Columbus left at the La Navidad settlement on Hispaniola in 1492, how many were still alive when he returned a year later?

Zero

Taino

natives on the island

Renaissance

"rebirth"

Reasons for European exploration that began in the fifteenth century

1. The consolidation of power by powerful monarchs across Europe 2. The desire for trade goods from the East 3. The Renaissance 4. The development of new sailing technology

Match each of Columbus's voyages to the most appropriate description.

1st voyage- left a small number of men to begin a small colony called La Navidad 2nd voyage- Brought a large continent of people, animals, and plants to start more extensive colonization 3rd voyage- Came to the. the conclusion that they had not actually reached Asia 4th voyage- explored what is today, panama

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A catholic priest that participated in the Spanish colonization of the Caribbean. He was given an encomienda (land grant and Indians slaves) and participated in the conquest of Cuba. Yet he later questioned the Spanish treatment of native americans

Requerimiento

A document read to Native Americans demanding that they submit themselves to Spanish rule and accept Christianity

Reconquista

A holy war against states controlled by Muslims in southern Spain

How did Bartolomé de Las Casas portray the "Indians" in his document? How did he portray the Spanish and their treatment of native peoples? How do you think other Spanish conquistadors responded to this document?

Bartolome de Las Casas portrayed Indians as innocent, simple and gentle. He said that the Spanish treated the native people brutally. However, the Spanish conquistadors denied this and justified the Spanish people's actions.

Doctrine of Discovery Christian explorers had the right to claim all lands they "discovered"

Christian explorers had the right to claim all land they "discovered"

Based on what you have read in the source, how did Columbus describe the native peoples he encountered? What did he want from what he called the "Indios?" What did he think of their religion?

Columbus thought poorly of the "Indos" and thought they were "uncivilized." Columbus said they did not have a religion and tried to convert them to Christianity. He made them into slaves and took their land and also wanted them to pay tributes of gold. Comments01

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered the Incan empire in Peru