History of Rock Exam #2
The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (1963)
"Blowin in the Wind" "Don't think Twice, it's Alright" Masters of War
"Whole Lotta Love"
"Compound" AABA song form A (Verse-Chorus) A (Verse-Chorus) B (Solos/Breakdown)-bongo drums, theremin, psychedelic echo affects A (Verse-Chorus)
"Free Bird"
"Free Bird"
Song form becomes common in 1970s rock bands
"Good times, bad times"
The Who
"I can't explain", "My generation" 1964
When performed similar set at Albert hall in Uk 1966 one fan screamed
"Judas"
July 20, 1965
"Like a Rolling Stone"
Mod Culture
"Modernist" British youth subculture focused on fashion and music, esp modern jazz, caribbean music Tailored suits with attention grabbing patterns
"Mr Tambourine Man"
"Mr. Tambourine Man" Folk-Rock's 1 st hit, in fact term "folk- rock" coined in reviews of this album Listen For: Electric 12-string guitar introduction Vocal harmony
Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group
"Rock Island Line" Originally recorded by Lead
1971 album, Machine Head
"Smoke on the Water" "Highway Star"
Other notable Zeppelin song
"Stairway to Heaven"
Cream
"Supergroup"- 1966
TRS had US succes in 1965 w/
"Time is on my side"
By the 70s, the more groove driven soul music began to be called
"funk"
Feb. 1964
#1 on chart
Gerry and the Pacemakers
-A Beatles type group -Released "I Like It"; from Liverpool
Southern Soul
-black audience -laid back blues and gospel -Stax, atlantic and muscle shoals Stax/Volt, Memphis Tenessee Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Booker T & The MGs Fame Studios: Muscle Shoals Alabama Aretha Franklin Wilson Pickett
Beatlemania (1963-1966)
-intense frenzy in the 1960s towards the Beatles stopped touring in 1966
Bring it all back home (March ' 65)
1 st side mostly electric, second side mostly acoustic "Subterranean Homesick Blues" First LP to reach top 10
Music seeks to
1) aid or enhance the "trip" 2) simulate a trip-like experience by itself 3) Simulate other non-drug related altered states of mind: dreams, visions, trances
Former Beatles band names
1. The Quarrymen (played skiffle starting in 1957) 2. Johnny and the Moondogs 3. The Silver Beetles
The Psychedelic Experience (Leary, Albert, Ralph Metzner)
1964 A guide to acid use based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead Sparks growing interest in Eastern Religion and Philosophy NOTE: Drugs are NOT typically part of Eastern religious practice
The Who
1964- Pete Townshend, John Entwistle, Keith Moon, Roger Daltrey
Yet another contender for first "concept album" with Freak Out!
1966, also predates Revolver for musique concrete influences= Return of the son of the monster magnet Later becomes a pioneer of jazz-rock fusion
Spontaneous Underground
1966. Similar to Ken Kasey's Acid Tests, multimedia events
"Break on Through"
1967 Opening bass line in keyboard- Ray Manzarek Distinctive voice Dark themes
Redding performed at
1967 Monterrey pop festival ; died in plane crash late 1967
Abbey Road
1969 Beatles album , moog synthesizer and leslie speaker; "Here Comes the Sun"
Musicologist Anne Danielson argues that "song-oriented" and "groove-oriented" are...
2 different modes of listening although they can both be present in the same piece
The Yardbirds cont.
3 of rock's most famous guitarists played with them Eric Clapton Jimmy Page Jeff Beck Led Zeppelin originated from Jimmy Page trying to restart the Yardbirds after they broke up
Woodstock (Aug 15-18, 1969)
3 days of peace, love, and music Around 500,000 people came EVERYBODY played there...Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, The Who, Sly & The Family stone, Janis Joplin 1970 documentary film Masses emphasized power of the counterculture movemen
"Watcher of the Skies" 1972 (Foxtrot)
6/4 time signature, rhythm based off morse code Inspired by Gustav Holst's mars from the Planet's Suite Lyrics about an alien arriving on earth after mankind has destroyed itself
They and The Who were major inspiration to..
70s punk and 90s britpop
The Rolling Stones
A British rock group who cultivated an image as "bad boys" in deliberate contrast to the friendly public image projected by the Beatles; inspired by blues and soul
Compound AABA Form
A section- instrumental "refrain" framing verses, massive unison riff on guitars, bass, horns, distorted vocals 4/4 A Repeats B Section: "Mirrors" Triple meter (6/8), uptempo be-bop style instrumental passage with avant garde noise affects on guitar, saxophone A returns
"Starchild"
A section/Groove1- verse/chorus with spoken verses that repeats Bridge section- New Groove over same beat, tempo, shifts to minor mode A section returns B Section returns
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
AABA; lighthearted, innocent, strong backbeat, 2 electric guitars, bass and drums, hand claps
Parliament album Mothership Connection (1975)
About a cosmic messenger coming to redeem mankind through the power of funk
The Byrds (1966)
Album Fifth Dimension
What's Going On cont.
All songs about the problems of the early 70s, or problems in Gaye's personal life: vietnam war, inner city poverty, environmental degradation smooth transitions between songs, 1 st side feels like one 20 minute continuous song. Title Track: inspired by Four Tops' singer Obie Benson witnessing police brutality against war protesters Lush, orchestrated, yet funky sound (ala Curtis Mayfield but less psychedelic)
Uncredited cover of Muddy Waters' You Need Love (written by Willie Dixon)
Also covered by Small Faces
International Times
Alternative press, underground music coverage, poetry
Folk Rock seen as
American response to British Invasion Precursor to "Americana" and "Roots Rock"
"Living for the City"
Another Compound AABA OR AAA'BA'' A section = 2 verses, classical style choral bridge A repeats Extended vamping over verse groove Bridge repeats again B Spoken skit with background music A repeats with Bridge section extended and developed into "Majestic" coda Stevie plays every instrument. Utilizes TONTO (The Original New Timbral Orchestra) the largest polyphonic, multi-timbral analog synthesizer in the world in Electric Lady
Counterculture
Any subculture whose values, norms, behaviors differ from mainstream culture, esp. by direct, overt rejection of it
Ben E. King, The Drifters all recorded many early hits at...
Atlantic
Wilson Pickett
Atlantic artist who recorded at Stax;In The Midnight Hour (delayed backbeat effect)
Jethro Tull
Bandleader: Ian Anderson: guitarist, flautist, multi- instrumentalist More bluesy than other British prog bands, emphasis on British Isles Folk music, Medieval music influences, later heavy metal Examples, Bouree: based on bach's Suite in E Minor for lute
Stax/Volt
Based out of Memphis, Tennessee, had distribution and licensing partnership with Atlantic
Atlantic Records
Based out of New York but had signed/discovered many artists from the South like Ruth Brown, Ray Charles
November 1963
Beatles secure gig on Ed Sullivan
Drug use
Beats preoccupied with heroin use, Hippies with psychedelics, Marijuana popular throughout
Help!
Beginning of "mature" beatles period "Yesterday" "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"; Dylanesque; intro to indian music ; acoustic guitars; flutes
Other SF Acid Rock Bands
Big Brother and the Holding Company,Country Joe and the Fish
"Blowin' in the Wind" (1962)
Blowin' in the Wind" (1962) An archetypal protest song Peace, love and freedom Based on the tune from the spiritual "No more auction block for me" Imagery influenced by Guthrie's "Bound for Glory" Inspired black songwriters to write their own message songs "A Change is Gonna Come"- Sam Cooke People Get Ready- Curtis Mayfield What's Going On-Marvin Gaye Hit song for folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary
"A Case of You" (1971)
Blue (1971)-Commercial Peak "A case of You" Spare, acoustic, folky sound Appalachian dulcimer
The Animals
Blues Band from Newcastle (Geordies) Eric Burdon on vocals, often remarked as having a "black" sounding voice Prominently featured electric organ of Alan Price Also mostly a cover band in their early days "House of the Rising Sun"-very old ballad from 19 th century 1964
Harkening back to the sound, style of early rock and the roots styles of rock
Blues, Country, Gospel/Soul, Early R&B, Jazz,
70s Singer Songwriters
Bob Dylan Blood on The Tracks (1975) John Lennon - John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), Imagine (1971) Carole King - Tapestry (1971) Paul Simon - Paul Simon (1972)
Roots rock works
Bob Dylan's mid 60s trilogy of rock albums Bringing It All Back Home, Highway 61 Revisited, Blonde on Blonde Rolling Stone's late-60s/early 70s tetralogy Beggars Banquet, Let it Bleed, Sticky Fingers, Exile on Main St.
SF Scene Haight-Ashbury
Bohemian neighborhood in San Francisco Hippie counterculture center Ties to Beat Movement Connections w/ Psychedelic scene at Red Dog Saloon in Virginia City, Nevada "Family Dog" collective holds similar events in San Francisco "Human Be-In" in Golden Gate Park, January 1967
The Doors of Perception (1954)
Book by Aldous Huxley Recounts experience of mescaline trip
Indica Bookshop
Book store, art gallery-Paul McCartney one of first customers, where John Lennon met Yoko Ono
Stax/ Volt House Band
Booker T and the MGS: Booker T. Jones (organ), Steve Cropper (guitar), Donald "duck" Dunn (bass), Al Jackson (drums)
Crowd Boos!- But overall reaction is actually mixed
Boos because electric = commercial? Boos for poor quality of sound? Boos for only 3 songs... "MORE BOBBY D!" ?
Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce- veterans of London blues rock scene.
Both had been in Graham Bond Organization which had heavy jazz influences
Frank Zappa
Both influenced by and an important influence on acid-rock, despite not being a drug user himself
Beatles manager
Brian Epstein-encouraged them to clean up and wear matching tailored suits
Notable Dylan albums
Bringing it All back home (1965)- First electric album Highway 61 Revisited (1965)-touring band "The Hawk's later becomes "The Band"
Impact and Influence of Brit Blues Scene
British Blues Bands esp. the Yardbirds, Cream tinkered with a more and more crunchier and louder guitar sound, which along with the "power chord" sound of other British invasion bands like the Who and the Kinks helped establish "hard rock" Bands like the Animals and Yardbirds included extended improvisation, longer solos both live and on record, influencing psychedelic and "jam-rock" bands and many bands associated with counterculture on both sides of the Atlantic. Many bands in the UK who helped develop new rock styles like Acid Rock, Hard rock, Prog Rock, Heavy Metal started as Blues-rock bands: Cream, Led Zeppelin, Jethro Tull, Black Sabbath Guitarists like Clapton (Cream), Beck (The Jeff Beck Group), Page (Led Zeppelin) increasingly become acknowledged for their chops, help stimulate increased interest in instrumental virtuosity in rock music. British musicians imitating Black Americans then become very popular in America, in turn influencing many younger Blues, R&B and rock musicians in the states.
Elton John
British singer-songwriter, piano player, real name Reginald Dwight Worked throughout his career with lyricist B ernie Taupin Met while working as staff songwriters for a record label Later, adopts elements of glam rock, retro rock
Joni Mitchell
Canadian Background in Toronto folk music scene Became part of California scene in late 60s Often wrote opaque and sometimes very personal lyrics More critically and professionally acclaimed than commercially successful Experimented a lot with different instrumentation, electronics, alternate tunings
Roots Rock bands
Canned Heat Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company Country Joe and the fish Grateful Dead Buffalo Springfield (stephen stills, Neil young)
Dec 1963
Cap release "I Want to Hold Your Hand"
Other SS
Carly Simon - You're so vain, anticipation, nobody does it better Bill Withers- Use Me, Lean On Me, ain't no sunshine Harry nilsson- Without You, Coconut, Jump into the fire Todd Rundgren- Hello it's me, all the children sing, we gotta get you a woman, I saw the light
Other characteristics of funk
Catchy basslines -Bassline often the melodic centerpiece • More space and gaps between the different instruments' riffs • Often very complex syncopation • "Chicken-scratch" guitar- rhythm guitar played in percussive manner with muted strings, often with wah-wah pedal • Horn "hits"- Horns often play punctuated staccato hits or loud blares as well as (or instead of) more fleshed out melodies/riffs • Keyboards various electronic keyboard sounds often used including hammond organ, fender rhodes electric piano, clavinet, moog and Arp synthesizers
"Sweet Home Alabama"
Celebration of muscle shoals, also a reaction to Neil Young's "southern man"
"I Can't Get No Satisfaction"
Cemented their reputation as angrier, more "in your face" than the Beatles or other British Invasion bands Listen for: **fuzzbox (distortion) guitar riff**-Keith richards originally imagined a horn section Similar to electric blues BUT Not 12-bar blues, main riff never moves to a new chord
Chicago
Chess Records: Etta James, Sugar Pie DeSanto, Jackie Ross Other Labels: Brunswick (subsidiary of Decca), Vee Jay, Okeh (sub. Of Columbia) Artists like Curtis Mayfield and the Impressions, The Chi-lites, Gene Chandler
Stones Influences
Chicago Electric Blues esp. Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf. Stones presented themselves as somewhat mysterious, dangerous the way they saw the Chicago bluesmen Early rockers esp. Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly. Jagger and Richards also connoiseurs of country, soul Delta Blues esp. Robert Johnson Southern Soul esp. Don Covay, Bobby Womack
Key bands/bandleaders
Chris Barber -Trad. Jazz bandleader who helped bring American blues, gospel and R&B artists to perform in England Alexis Korner -Blues Incorporated, started jam sessions at London's Marquee and Ealing Jazz Clubs where many important blues rockers got their start John Mayall's Bluesbreakers -Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce, Peter Green (founder of Fleetwood Mac) Steve Winwood -Multi-instrumentalist, one of the founders of Traffic
Underground scene centered around
Coffee houses, Campuses Bohemian neighborhoods like Greenwich Village in NY
Respect (1965)
Compare w/ Beatles' "Drive My Car"
Big Influence on Beatles (& others!)
Complex songs for grown-up fans Many folk-rock musicians migrate to California, LA in particular, part of a larger trend where the center of music shifts to West Coast
"Roundabout" 1972
Compound AABA form with intro and coda Unmetered/ free time introduction A section = 2 verses, bridge section A section= 1 verse, bridge B section= ~ 3:20 New melody, heavier guitar, more percussion Reprise of introduction with lyrics added ~ 5:00 Reprise of Bridge from the A sections ~5:50 Solos, new unison riffs 6:46 A Section- 1 verse, bridge Mostly acoustic Outro/Coda
Ken Kasey's Merry Pranksters: Entourage centered around author Kesey in 1964,
Conducted "Acid Tests"= multimedia events, parties centered around drug
Roots rock acts
Crafted an image of simplicity & connection with working class
Known for satirizing both the hippies and the squares
Criticized shallow, materialism of squares e.g. "Plastic People" Equally critical of hippies e.g. "Who Needs the peace corps", "Flower punk"
Other Roots Rockers
Crosby, Stills, Nash- David Crosby former member of the Byrds Neil Young-Canadian, but also had a very Americana/Rootsy sound Charlie Daniels Band-Country/Country-rock, Prominent fiddler Mountain- Often categorized along with other roots rock but often just had as big and crunchy guitar sound as the "Big Three" Aerosmith-Influenced by Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones, also roughly between Rootsy sound and Hard rock; Hard rock with a "rootsier" flavor Bruce Springsteen- Though commercially peaked in the 80s, had a very nostalgia driven, rootsy sound beginning in mid-70s
1966-1969
Deemed Rock's Classic Era
High Energy, destructive stage shows
Destroying Guitars, amps, drum set, Pioneered ever louder, more amplified sound
"You Really Got Me" 1964
Distorted guitar tone from cutting amp speaker cone with razors 2-chord rhythm. Power Chords! (power chord = an open 5 th , ie not a complete chord) Somewhat amateur feel - similar to "garage rock" which is starting to emerge in the US
The Beatles (1968)
Double album where Beatles pastiche numerous styles, jokingly called "first album by four solo artists who happened to be in the same band"
"Highway Star" (1971)
Driving, straight 1/8 th rhythm High-pitched screams Compound AABA Song form with breakdown Guitar and organ solos move away from electric blues Shows influence from European classical music, baroque
"Power trio" - heavily amplified sound
Drums, bass, 1 guitar
July 25 th , Newport Folk Festival
Dylan headlining act 3 song set, electric
Rock gains new perspectives
Dylan's lyrics treated as great poetry by literary critics Protests and political stance Rock can be serious art and a vehicle for political protest
The Beatles record label
EMI/Parlophone
Mellotron
Early analog sampler: keys controlled playback of taped samples of different instrumental sounds Beatles one of the first rock bands to use it Designed to be a "home orchestra" but imperfect lo-fi reproduction gave it more detached, dreamy quality Extremely expensive, easy to break, hard to maintain Robert Fripp "Tuning a mellotron doesn't"
Put on
Elaborate stage shows
The Moody Blues
English band with heavily orchestrated Romantic Classical sound, classical poetry Nights in White Satin (1967) -flute, mellotron (real orchestra on intro and coda), triple meter
Blues subculture
Enthusiasts share rare records, difficulty of tracking them down give them fascination Form bands that faithfully cover blues songs, some more "purist" than others
Derek and the Dominoes
Eric Clapton plus a group of mostly American musicians including Duane Allman Songs by Clapton, keyboardist Bobby Whitlock, (a few covers) One studio album Layla & other assorted love songs (1970)- loose concept album inspired by Clapton's unrequited love for his best friend's wife (Patti Boyd wife of George Harrison) Layla- name of medieval Persian love story which mirrored Clapton's experience. Duelling slide guitars of Clapton, Allman, piano coda written by drummer Jim Gordon
The Times They are a- Changin ' (1964)
Establish Dylan as leading folk singer-songwriter
Chess Records
Etta James e.g. All I could do was cry (1960)
There's A Riot Going On (1971) Fresh (1973)
Even funkier, moodier,Former especially reflective of his near unwillingness to do anything but get high, record music
What haircut did the beatles have?
Existentialist-"Exi"-adopted after original bassist Stu Sutcliffe's gf gave it to him
Inspired by The Living Theatre- New York
Experimental, provocative, audience participation "antagonistic"
Focused on the dark side
Explored the possibilities of the "bad trip" Gothic poetry, ala Lord Byron Like Zappa were much less "naïve" and optimistic than their peers
Electric blues extended into psychedelic rock
Extended, improvised instrumental jams
What's Going on (1971)
First Motown concept album
Zeppelin Influences/Elements
Folk (American and British Isles)-acoustic songs, segments of longer songs Psychedelia ('evocative' expansive production) later dabbled in funk, reggae, salsa Influenced by paganism, Celtic mythology, Tolkien in their lyrics Often had "epic" song lengths, structures with contrasts in dynamics, tempos, instrumentation Many early songs uncredited "adaptations" /covers of other songs (Dazed and Confused, The Lemon Song)
Bob Dylan
Folk Revival of 1960s birth of "Contemporary folk" as a genre Folk-Rock
Red Scare, McCarthyism
Folk music driven underground Artists like Pete Seeger and the weavers help maintain the ties between folk and activism, socialism
Stones Concept Albums
Following in the Beatles' footsteps, the Stones try their hands at psychedelia and concept albums esp. with Their satanic Majestie's request (1967) Unlike the Beatles, arguably reached their artistic peak after their most influential recordings were made.
The Kinks
Formed in 1963 Origins in blues-oriented groups Not quite in either of the main "camps" of British Invasion
Jefferson Airplane
Formed in 1965 Second album (1967), features new lead singer and songwriter Grace Slick
Sly and the Family Stone (AGAIN!)
Formed in 1966 in San Francisco, led by Sylverster Stewart (Sly Stone), brother and sister Freddie and rosie. Combined soul, acid rock e.g. Along with James Brown, main influence on funk in the 1970s Are they a rock band or a soul band? Yes. Early style known for very positive, exuberant, uplifting messages: "Stand" "Everyday People" "dance to the music"
Led Zeppelin
Formed in 1969 Robert Plant (vocals) Jimmy Page (guitar)-Formerly of the Yardbirds John Paul Jones (Bass, keys) John Bonham (drums)
Deep Purple
Formed in London, 1968 Guitarist Richie Blackmore Vocalist Ian Gillan - vocalist with high counter tenor range Keyboardist Jon Lord- influence of classical music, wrote concerto for rock band + orchestra Drummer Ian paice Bassist Roger Glover
Black Sabbath
Formed in late 1960s, blues- based rock band Ozzy Osbourne-vocals Tony Iommi-guitar Geezer Butler- bass, lyrics Bill Ward-drums
The Grateful Dead
Founded in Palo Alto, 1965, performed throughout Bay Area, LA Jerry Garcia lead guitarist Folk music roots, introduced to electric blues by Rolling Stones House band for Ken Kesey's "Acid Tests" Acid rock jam-band Extended improvisation influenced by modal jazz Difficulty capturing their live performances in the studio Fans prefer "bootleg" recordings
Hippies, Freaks, Squares,
Freaking out is a process whereby an individual casts off outmoded and restricted standards of thinking, dress and social etiquette in order to express CREATIVELY his relationship to his environment and the social structure as a who le"-Frank Zappa
Neil Young
From Canada, played in Buffalo Springfield, intermittent member of Crosby, Stills, Nash Early backing band called Crazy Horse Played in a more "raw" roots-rock style than many other singer-songwriters Cited as influence by punk and grunge musicians for his relatively rough, unpolished vocal and instrumental sound
Lynrd Skynrd
From Jacksonville, Florida Ronnie Van Zandt-Lead singer, main songwriter Music is more "radio friendly" than The Allman Brothers Band
The Doors
From Los Angeles Name from "Doors of Perception"- Aldous Huxley
Bob Dylan (Robert Zimmerman)
From Minnesota, Jewish background Started as a rock and roller Covered Little Richard in his high school talent show
Creedence Clearwater Revival
From San Francisco, formed 1968 John Fogerty-lead singer, lead guitarist, main songwriter Incorporated country elements, Mississippi delta sounds and imagery "swamp rock" "Proud Mary" 1969-John Fogerty Recorded a Sgt. Pepper-like concept album, Willy and the Poor Boys (1969) Jug band persona "Down by the Corner" Protest song, "Fortunate Son"
Van Morrison
Frontman of Irish rock band Them Solo career combined Soul, Jazz, Celtic Folk Music Commercial hits "Brown eyed girl", "Moondance", "Domino" Acclaimed Albums: Astral Weeks (1968), Moondance (1970), His Band and the street choir (1970) Tupelo Honey (1971)
Sgt. Pepper (1967)
Further popularizes idea of "concept album", studio as 4 track soundscape
Love You to, Within You, Without You, The Inner Light
George Harrison and a group of Indian musicians Incorporates Indian musical structures
Beatles producer ___________ has been referred to as the Fifth "Beatle."
George Martin-convinced them to fire original drummer Pete Best
Santana
Guitarist Carlos Santana Born in Mexico, moved to San Francisco Had a lot in common with the Allman Brothers in terms of sound/influences. Combines blues guitar, jazz influences, and Afro-Latin percussion, horn sections (congas and timbales)
Jimi Hendrix
Guitarist from Seattle, Washington Cut teeth on Chitlin circuit Played with Isley Brothers, Little Richard, King Curtis "Discovered" by former Animals bassist Chas Chandler, encouraged to move to UK
Folk music = serious, political
Had causes Labor strikes Common people
Beatles as Film Stars
Hard Days Night (1964) Help! (1965)-beatles play themselves as adventurers Magical Mystery Tour (1967)-psychedelic Yellow Submarine (1968)-animated film not featuring beatles real voices makes precedent for music video as art form, promotional, marketing tool
Longer songs, extended jams...
Hard to open your mind in 3 ½ mins
Allman Brothers Band
Helped create the southern rock sound Duane Allman (guitar) worked as a session musician at Fame Studio in Muscle Shoals Influenced by southern blues and soul/funk Jazz, particularly Coltrane, Miles Davis Jam band like Grateful Dead, other psychedelic bands Commercial success with live album, At the Filmore East (1971), Eat a Peach (1972
Interest in outside religion and philosophy
Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism Transcendentalism
Raga Rock
I nterest in Indian music for some rock musicians e.g. Paint It black by the stones, Moog Raga by The Byrds Beatles study with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India- 1967 George Harrison also takes lessons from virtuoso sitar player Ravi Shankar Characteristics that become important for Rock music, psychedelia Drone affects- Open 5 th , like a rock power chord New instruments: sitar, tanpura, table, shehnai, sarod Lengthy improvisation Modes different from the major or minor
Dylan's Influence
If the Beatles were a model for musical eclecticism in rock, Dylan became the model for lyrical sophistication. Protest songs Surrealist imagery, psychedelia Idiosyncratic humor Character studies/assassinations Extended Stories, narratives Allusions to the Bible, literature, mythology Complex metaphors More detailed, fleshed out takes on love, relationships Ambiguity, opacity
Blaxploitation films
In the 1970s, exploitation films starring black actors, marketed to black, inner city audiences began to proliferate
Sly and the Family Stone
In the 70s, their style became much "Murkier"/"moodier" less hard-rocking fuzz guitar and fuzz bass, cleaner/drier tone (but more wah-wah) more watery, bubbly affects on bass, guitar and keys more rhythmically dense, syncopated
King Crimson
Influenced by acid rock, jazz (be-bop, avant-garde), romantic, modern/avant- garde classical o 1969 Debut In The Court of the Crimson King seen by many as first "true" progressive rock album o Many lineup changes and stylistic shifts over the years o Debut lineup: Greg Lake (bass, vocals), Robert Fripp (guitar), Ian Mcdonald (woodwinds, keyboards), Michael Giles (drums), Peter Sinfield (lyrics)
"Purple Haze"
Inspired by a dream, but often associated with LSD "tritone" introduction- melodic interval of three half steps heavily distorted electric guitar octavia pedal on solo guitar solo/instrumental bridge returns to the intro before last verse
Precedents/Early Examples
Instrumental virtuosity, extended improvisations, infusing elements of jazz: Jimi Hendrix, Cream, Frank Zappa, Allman brothers, Santana Concept Albums: Sgt. Pepper, Pet Sounds, Tommy (Rock Opera) Orchestration, classical composition technique: Leiber and Stoler, Phil Spector, Motown, the Beatles, Beach Boys Highfallutin Lyrics: Bob Dylan, Beatles, Frank Zappa, The doors, Joni Mitchell
Artists recruited for Blaxploitation
Isaac hayes- Shaft (1972) Marvin Gaye- Trouble Man (1972) Curtis Mayfield-Superfly (1972) Bobby Womack - Across 110 th st. James Brown - Black Caesar (1973
Electric Ladyland
Jimi Hendrix's third and final album ; covered Dylans "All Along the Watchtower"; only number one album, biggest commercial success; 1968; considered his best work
Yes
John Anderson (vocals, various), Rick Wakeman (keyboards), Bill Bruford (drums), Chris Squire (bass), Steve Howe (guitar) One of most commercially successful prog bands, hard rocking style with highly level of technical proficiency Lyrics (John Anderson) mix cerebral, absurd and downright goofy, hippie spirituality Surreal, science fiction inspired concepts and album covers by Roger Dean
Eric Clapton
John Mayall's Bluesbreakers and Yardbirds fame
Monterey Pop Festival
June, 1967 "Summer of Love" Modeled on established Monterey Jazz Festival Monterey, California-between 50,000 and 60,000 people First major rock festival Aimed to validate rock, ala the Monterey, Newport Jazz Festivals Popularized long open-air festivals Introduces American audiences to Jimi Hendrix, the Who, and Ravi Shankar
The Band
K nown for "Americana" sound Started as Backing band for rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins "The Hawks" Backed Bob Dylan for his Mid-60s tour Ironically most of the members were Canadian Music from Big Pink (1968) Several songs co-written by Bob Dylan "The Weight"-gospel-esque ballad Acoustic guitars Piano Biblically inspired Narrative Vocal harmony
(50s and 60s) Rise of polished, pop- like folk music groups
Late 50s, early 1960s Supported by music industry
Promote LSD especially
Leary "Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out"-1967 San Francisco "Human Be-In"
New York Brill Building
Leiber and Stoler: The Drifters, The coasters, Ben E. King Girl Groups: The Shirelles, The Crystals, The Ronettes
Bohemianism
Lifestyle where one engages in artistic pursuits in the company of likeminded individuals, eschewing strong permanent ties, at the social and/or economic margins of society
Pink Floyd
London acid r ock jam band Syd Barrett, "space rock" Live improvisation, some radio friendly hits Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967) UK success early, later famous in US- also pioneers of prog ( Darkside of the Moon )
UFO Club
London's first psychedelic club (1966-1967) Collective House bands include Pink Floyd
Hard Rock
Loosely defined subgenre of rock, typically identified with early to mid 1970s But Can encompass any heavily amplified rock and roll=blues- rock, acid rock, punk, heavy metal Heavier, hard-edged sound growing out of blues-rock, acid rock Instrumental virtuosity w/ hard-rocking, no nonsense image Three important bands from the UK: Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, and Black Sabbath
Procol Harum
Lyrics and melodies often emulate classical art song, prominent piano
"White Rabbit"
Lyrics inspired by Alice in Wonderland Overt drug references Music inspired by Ravel's "Bolero" Slow build-up Bass guitar and snare opening
CIA and LSD in 1950s
MKULTRA program secretly administered drug test applications to brainwashing, interrogation
Global Funk
Many groove driven popular music styles, many influenced by American jazz, R&B and rock of past decades, developed in parallel with, had reciprocal influence on Funk/soul in the 70s Funk sometimes characterized as the most African of African-American music styles Jamaica- Ska, Rock steady, Reggae - Bob Marley, Jimmy Cliff, Toots & the maytals Nigeria- Juju, Afro-beat = King Sunny ade, Fela Kuti Ghana-High life
70s Disillusionment
Many unfortunate events happened in the late 60s, early 70s that created a sense of disillusion in music, literature and popular culture: MLK and RFK assassinated in 1968 Vietnam war gets worse = Tet offensive (1968), Draft lottery (1969), My Lai Massacre (1969) Despite civil rights bill, de jure desegregation, black communities, urban centers suffer increased poverty, crime and drug addiction going into the 1970s Kent State Shootings in 1970= national guard shoot and kill several unarmed college student protesters Watergate Scandal 1973 = President disgraced, partly owed his electoral victory to courting young hippies Altamont - Seems to signal that Festivals, Rock Music have lost their power to change the world for the better Many young hippie rockers die of drug related causes: Brian Jones, Janis Joplin (1970), Jim Morrison (1971), Jimi Hendrix (1970)
World Psychedelic Center- (michael hollingshead's apt)
Michael Hollingshead- the man who introduced Timothy Leary to LSD Became the prime source for LSD in London
21 st Century Schizoid Man (1969)
Mix of disconnected imagery, anti-war themes, dystopian vision of future
Stax was a contrast to
Motown in the way that: Roles were less specialized Many of its singers had rougher, raspier voices, growlier horn sounds, guitars sometimes crunchier or twangier Seen as "bluesier" and more emotionally intense Often deliberately or by accident had a more relaxed/delayed/loose approach to the backbeat Example: Green Onions
Soul from the Chicago scene was very polished like ...
Motown, often very polished, high production value, not afraid to "sweeten" the music
James Brown
Mr. Dynamite, Soul Brother no. 1, The Godfather of Soul, The Hardest Working Man in Show Business
(Pre-Dylan Assumptions) Rock Music =
Music for fun, partying Can be rebellious, but in a teenaged, sex-fueled way
Soon took up early blues, country and folk music moved to
New York to perform 1961
Experimental/communal living
Often rejecting more stable family, home arrangements: vagabonding, couch/basement/attic surfing
Sly's Influences/Legacy
One of first high profile popular music groups that was integrated in both race and gender; "embodied the 60s" One of first soul artists to follow Beatles' example of making more crafted albums Influenced Motown, other soul artists to embrace acid-rock, songs and themes relevant to the counterculture => "Psychedelic Soul" Cloud Nine by the Temptations (1968) Inspired Miles davis and other jazz musicians to begin amplifying their sound =>Jazz-rock fusion
Revolver (1966)
One of the 1st psychedelic albums Introduction of psychedelia to mainstream audience Pushes limits of studio recording even further Brian Wilson's influence "Tomorrow Never Knows" Based on The Tibetan Book of the Dead via Leary's The Psychedelic Experiences Musique Concrete/Stockhausen
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
One of the most important albums in rock history. Popularizes Concept Album All songs unified by theme or story (albeit loosely) Fictional band giving a variety show performance Smooth segueway between tracks Reprise of the title track Incorporates recording techniques used by Brian Wilson Stylistically, very wide ranging
"Evil Ways"
Organ, timbales, bell
Many songs in the mid-late 60s began to emphasize groove above other elements of song structure
Out of sight, Papa's got a brand new bag, Cold Sweat
90s Gangsta Rap heavily samples
Parliament; Dr Dre's "G-Funk"
Genesis
Peter Gabriel (vocals, flute, oboe various), Tony Banks (keys), Mike Rutherford (bass, various), Steve Hackett (guitar), Phil Collins (drums) Lyrics a mix biblical allusion, science fiction, quirky humor High level of theatricality: use of masks/personae in concert by Peter Gabriel
Other Soul Scenes
Philadelphia: "Philly Soul" James Brown
The Beatles between 1960-1962
Played clubs in Hamburg and Liverpool The Cavern, Liverpool Indra, Kaiserkeller, Star club Hamburg Brian Epstein sees them in liverpool 1961, soon becomes manager
Kingston Trio
Polished sound, good chops, 3-part harmony Very popular 1957-1961 Scorned by bohemian folk music scene for being too commercial, apolitical
Beat Culture
Post-war Urban American counterculture. "Beatniks". Ginsberg, Kerouac poetry, modern jazz. Bob Dylan and the Folk Revival movement connected to this.
1966, The Jimi Hendrix Experience
Power trio, Mitch Mitchell =drums, Noel Redding=bass 1967 Are you Experienced?
Aretha Franklin
Queen of Soul; "Repect" female empowerment version; Signed with Atlantic in 1967, first single and album: I never loved a man (the way I love you); Recorded with musicians from the Muscle Shoals AL area, FAME studios
Funkadelic influenced
RHCP, Minutemen
White Brits playing the blues raises questions of...
Race and Class-appeals to many poor, young, working class youths who feel economically oppressed Cultural Ownership and Cooptation/Appropriation Authenticity and identity
Legacy of Prog Rock
Raised The Bar for Instrumental technique, prefigured wave of guitar "shredders" in the 80s Popularized Concept Albums, larger forms/extended modes of composition in rock music Further pushed rock music away from "just" dance music, party music, youth music, even further into "serious listening" Created a backlash, seen by many as pretentious, too technical and too distant from original values of rock n roll: punk rock was in part a reaction to it
"Whipping Post"
Riff organ Gregg Allman's bluesy vocal delivery Extended guitar solos 2 drummers! Opening riff in 11/8 (3+3+3+2) then 12/8
Prog Rock
Rock music that deliberately incorporates elements of art music and/or seeks to attain the level of prestige/respectability as art music/s o Longer forms, more emphasis on "composition" than simply songwriting o Emphasis on Technique/Virtuosity o Prominent use of electronic keyboard sounds: synthesizer, mellotron o Use of more "novel" instruments from art and folk music traditions: mandolin, balalaika, vachalia, orchestral strings, percussion, woodwinds o T ime signatures atypical for rock music o Albums and individual tracks often featuring extended compositional and narrative structures, recurrent musical themes, o lyrics on esoteric subject matter: literature, mythological, philosophy, fantasy and sci-fi
Folk Rock and The Byrds
Roger McGuinn David Crosby, later of Crosby Still and Nash Record several of Dylan's songs with electric instrumentation Gene Clark (tamborine, rhythm guitar, vocals) wrote most of their original songs Used Rickenbaker electric 12 string, inspired by George Harrison "Mr. Tambourine Man" June 1965 "Turn, Turn, Turn" 1966 Pete Seeger using verses from Ecclesiastes
Pink Floyd cont.
Roger Waters (bass vocals), David Gilmour (guitar), Richard Wright (keys), Nick Mason (drums), Syd Barrett (Various, early days) Less technically flashy than other prog bands, more subtle, moody Concept albums about Water's feelings on modernity, fame, mental health, alienation, the music industry etc. Production style tried to create a sense of "soundscape"
Altamont (Dec. 6, 1969)
Rolling Stones announce free concert, short notice i ll equipped, unprepared About 300,000 Hell's Angels hired to provide security Paid in $500 of beer Meredith Hunter is stabbed to death during Rolling Stones concert Symbolically marks the end of the flower power movement
Rubber Soul (1965)
Seen by some (esp. Brian Wilson) as one of the first albums with no filler, inspired Pet Sounds
Critical acclaim for Wonder
Series of acclaimed, award- winning albums Talking Book (1972), Innervisions (1973), Fulfillingness First Finale (1974), Songs In the key of life (1976)
Folk Rock Takes Hold
Simon and Garfunkel Folk duo, late 50s-early 60s Modeled after Everly Brothers Re-release "Sounds of Silence" with electric track #1 hit, 1965 Mamas and the Papas Folk-rock moves to west coast Heavy influence from close vocal harmonies of folk trio "Peter Paul and Mary" b ut with a full rock band sound "California Dreamin'" 1966
Thank You Falletin Me Be Mice Elf Agin (1969)
Simple verse chorus with instrumental interludes Prominent use of slapping and popping on bass (Larry graham) Opaque lyrics, darker feel: "dying young is hard to take, selling out is harder"
Funkadelic "Super Stupid" from album Maggot Brain
Simple verse chorus, chorus entirely in vocables • Extended soloing showcasing Eddie Hazel on guitar, Bernie Worrell on organ
Curtis Mayfield, The Impressions
Smooth, vocal trio sound reminiscent of Doo- wop, gospel trios and quartets
1970, Sweet Baby James" "Fire and Rain"
Song about experiences in psychiatric hospitals and the suicide of a friend # 3 on charts
Rediscovery of old hillbilly and blues records from the 1920s, 30s
Sparks 1960s folk and blues revival
Strange new sounds to enhance strange new experience
Splicing tape Non-standard instruments Amplification and studio effects
James Taylor
Started in G reenwich V illage, New York 1 st recordings in London Helped to define The 70s California sound along with the Eagles, Joni Mitchell, Jackson Browne Troubadour club in West hollywood Los Angeles scene/Soft rock
Earth Wind and Fire
Stateside representation of the globalization of the 70s funk sound Founded by Chess Session drummer Maurice White (died November 2015) Influenced by the smoother soul of motown, Chicago, as well as Sly Stone, big band and latin jazz, African music Emphasized positivity, spirituality, black unity
"Proud Mary"
Strumming rhythm guitar Vocal harmonies References working class and Miss. Delta Lead guitar playing occasionally mimics sound of steel guitar from country Working class clothing
Harvard Psilocybin Project
Studies led by Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert to examine effects of psilocybin in human volunteers 1960 until 1962 1963, Leary and Alpert fired
James Brown and the JBs
Style continued to evolve towards more groove-driven, sometimes discarding chord changes altogether, more rhythmically busy, syncopated
"Your Song" 1970
Taupin's lyrics depict stumbling, awkward sincerity/ vulnerability Light instrumental arrangement highlights piano
The Stones countered
The Beatles
Feb. 9, 1964
The Beatles appear on Ed Sullivan Show
"Love Me Do"
The Beatles, 1962
Hendrix's influences
The Blues- Albert King (played lefty like Jimi), Howlin' wolf, Buddy Guy Some of his tricks like playing behind the head, with teeth can be traced back to delta bluesmen like Charley Patton British Rockers: The Who, Cream Little Richard "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice" Curtis Mayfield- many of his ballads, pretty songs: Little Wing, Angel, (Have you ever been) To Electric Ladyland The Beatles: studio experimentation, backwards and processed instrumental sounds Bob Dylan: lyrics, ballad style, vocal phrasing Jazz: Modal, free, avant-garde
Hippie
The Counterculture of the US and UK in the 1960s associated with rock music, festivals, war protests, events like "Love-ins" "Sit-ins", use of psychedelic drugs
Other invaders
The Dave Clark Five Herman's Hermits Freddie and the Dreamers Many of these resemble or deliberately imitate the more upbeat poppier side of the Beatles, minus (usually) the more bizarre, dark or experimental stuff
James Brown's early band
The Famous Flames, recorded for King Records (Cincinnati)
Jim Morrison's alter ego
The Lizard King
Lengthy tracks with ambitious compositional structure
The Merman Dream Sequence from Electric Ladyland-Jimi Hendrix A Day in the Life, Abbey Road medley (The Beatles) A Quick One While He's Away (The Who) The Chrome plated megaphone of destiny(Frank Zappa)
American TV answers to the Beatles
The Monkees - TV sitcom about a Beatle-like band British lead singer Cast a combination of actors and musicians Derided for not playing their own instruments Songs sound like very close copies of the Beatles "The Last Train to Clarksville" "Daydream Believer"
Late 60s English Art Rock
The Nice- Influence of Classical, jazz, prominent piano ex. Hang on to a dream
Other Brit Bands
The Small Faces- Also associated with Mod subculture, also did blues and soul covers, later turned psychedelic Them- From Ireland (British Isles), Van Morrison gets his start with Them. Example Gloria The Zombies- lush orchestral pop with more classical/baroque feel Odessey and Oracle (1968) sometimes nicknamed the British Pet Sounds
Detroit/Motown Soul
The Temptations, The Miracles, Marvin Gaye, the Supremes, the Marvelettes, the Four Stops, Stevie Wonder, Martha & the Vandellas, Tammi Terrel, Jackson 5
Others who tried Prog
The Who- Quadrophenia (1973)- double album rock opera about a mod in 60s London with a 4-way split personality Led Zeppelin- Houses of the Holy (1973) esp. The Song remains the same, The Rain Song, No Quarter Black Sabbath- Black Sabbath Vol. 4, Sabotage: Wheels of Confusion, Changes, Symptom of the Universe Deep Purple- Fireball (1971) : The Mule, Fools
Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section/ "the swampers"
The house band at Fame Studios;
Groove=
The rhythmic interplay that creates a sense of sustainable motion, like it could go on forever
Answers to Sgt. Pepper
Their Satanic Majestie's Request (1967)- The rolling Stones. Imitates Ogden's Nut Gone Flake-The Small Faces (1968) Odessey and Oracle (1968)-The zombies Days Of Future Passed (1967)-The Moody Blues The Who Sell Out (1967)-The Who as a pirate radio station with blatant product endorsement We're Only In it For the Money (1968)- Frank Zappa And the Mothers of Invention Tommy, Arthur (1969)- narrative of a man's life's journey told in rock albums
The White Album
This Beatles Album is considered one of the best albums in the world. It was the predecessor to Yellow Submarine. Name this Beatles album with nothing but the band name on its cover.; British blues, ska ; Hey Jude, Revolution
Magical Mystery Tour
This Beatles album was inspired by Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters:
"Eight Miles High"
Title refers to: Cruising altitude of jet (actually 6 miles) Drugs Taken off radio by summer 1966-band denied an intentional drug use connotation Listen for: Bass groove Guitar drone Jazz influenced solo guitar inspired by John Coltrane's India
British Blues Revival
Trad jazz leader turned impressario Chris barber helped bring Blues, Gospel, R&B performers to the Uk 1958-Muddy Wayers plays in England for the first time, first exposure many fans had to Electric Blues
Definition of Folk Music
Traditional music, of unclear or unknown authorship, passed down orally/through cultural osmosis Associated with particular ethnic communities, the poor and working class Tied to daily life, milestone events, communal activities Contrast with art/classical music and popular/commercial music as one of the three major categories of music
Woody Guthrie
Travelled with migrant workers during the Great Depression
Black Sabbath (1970)
Tritone melody in the riff, ala Purple Haze Gothic atmosphere (rain, church bells) Thickly amplified bass heavy sound Lyrics about confronting a horrifying supernatural presence Name inspired by 1963 Italian Horror film
Parliament/Funkadelic
Two bands/one band with 2 alter-egos. Both funky. Inspired by "Afro-Futurism"
British songs were very rarely on the...
U.S. charts
Rockers
Uk equivalents of bikers/greasers. Territorial fights with mods over coffee houses other hangouts. Rockers saw mods as sissy, effeminate
Late 50s "Trad Jazz" or just "Trad" :
Uk musicians' performing early Jazz esp. New Orleans/Dixieland jazz Trad = "traditional"
London
Underground psychedelic scene rises alongside San Francisco's
Mid 1950's "Skiffle" Craze
Uptempo, bouncy renditions of American roots music: folks songs, blues, other "roots" music
Introspective songs
Very "raw" from a musicianship perspective: imprecise vocal intonation, fairly basic guitar strumming, often out of tune harmonica playing
Hendrix pioneering guitar effects
Wah-wah Octavia Feedback "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" Phasing, Flanging used the studio itself as a tool of composition e.g. 1983 (A Merman I should turn to be)
Hard rock sound plus gothic horror elements
Ward referred to their approach as "downer rock" Often started (and stayed) at very ominously slow, loping tempos Horror, gothic, satanic imagery became staples of heavy metal .
Rubber Soul (1965)
Widely cited as: Major step forward in maturity and complexity of band and music
Mayfield...
Wrote many early black pride/black consciousness songs: It's All Right, Keep On Pushing, We're A Winner, People Get Ready Also wrote songs for other Chicago based acts
Jeff Beck
Yardbirds guitarist; Utilized reverberation, feedback, and distortion; replaced Clapton, later left to do more experimental work
rock opera
a concept album with a fully developed narrative, unifying compositional devices like recurring motiffs, themes, overture, recitative Tommy 1969
The Isley Brothers
a musical institution whose prolific career has explored the musical intersection of gospel, R&B, rock, soul, funk and disco.
The Beatles
a rock group from Liverpool who between 1962 and 1970 produced a variety of hit songs and albums (most of it written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon); huge influence on music innovation and popular culture; George Harrison; Ringo Starr
Artists like Sly & the family stone, Chambers Brothers straddled the line between
acid-rock and soul altogether
Funkadelic
acid-rock, blues, hard-rock
Encore was
acoustic
"Ditch Trilogy"
albums dealing with many dark, personal themes Time Fades Away (1973), On the Beach (1974) Tonight's the night (1975)
Soul bands began to focus on_rather than_
albums, singles
The Rolling Stones started as a...
as Blues cover band, Brian Jones (lead guitarist) a blues aficianado, initially reluctant to play other types of music
Beatles studio innovations
backwards guitar, taped sound loops, pitch shifted voices and instruments (examples from Revolver)
Starting on Where I'm Coming From (1971), Music of My Mind (1972) Wonder...
began to write, arrange, produce all his own material, often play most of the instruments as well
What was the appeal in the UK?
both seemed equally "old" and "exotic"
Instrumentation
cleaner and/or twangier electric guitar, slide guitar, acoustic guitar, upright/honky tonk piano, saxophone, harmonica, horn sections upright bass
Group made
concept albums combining sci fi, psychedelia, satirical and political humor The P-funk Mythos- interconnected storylines and characters between albums
TRS early albums were mostly...
covers Come On (1963)-Chuck Berry I wanna be your man (1963)- Lennon/McCartney Not Fade Away (1964)- Buddy Holly She Said Yeah (1965 )- Larry Williams The Last Time (1965) - one of first Jagger/richards Originals to become a hit single
Jerry Wexler
decided to turn his attention to the edgier/grittier, less refined soul music that was coming out of the south in mid 60s Helped discovery artists like Solomon Burke, Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin
Capitol initially
declined Beatles U.S. release
Pastiche
deliberate, affectionate imitation of artwork from another source
"Iron Man"
descending opening with feedback riff -based note head banging dark lyrical themes contrasting bridge with virtuosic instrument playing
Eclecticism
doesn't make distinctions between "serious" and "trivial" sounds and images
Often outgrowth of folk music scenes or former rock band members/industry writers
e.g. Greenwich Village
"finger-pointing songs"
e.g. Masters of War, protest
James Brown, The Isley Bros., others began to make music
emphasizing rhythm and groove first and foremost, with extended running times designed to keep people dancing for a long time
Chris Barber
english jazz musician, skiffle , blues; he and lonnie donegan triggered skiffle craze and beat boom of the 60s
Idolized Woody Guthrie
even called himself Woody
Post-war depression in UK caused
fascination with American prosperity and culture
LSD-25
first sythesized by Swiss Scientist Albert Hoffman in 1938
Song-oriented:
focusing on melody, chord progressions a sense of moving towards a cadence, resolution
Groove-oriented:
focusing on rhythm, interplay, dancing, toe- tapping
Revolver (1966)
foregrounded experimentation with new studio sounds, backwards instruments, tape loops, multi-tracked voices and instruments, and sound collages
TRS got their name from...
from Muddy Waters song "Rollin' stone" (an adaptation of a Delta blues song called Catfish Blues)- 1962
Aspects of acid-rock late 60s Soul began to incorporate
fuzztone and wah wah-guitar, drone affects, other psychedelic sound affects e.g. Cloud Nine by the Temptations (1968), Papa was a rolling stone
Before cleaning up Beatles were...
greaser-like "Teddy boys"
Sunshine Of Your Love
heavily amplified riff based on blues scale, uses a 24 bar blues
W/ first solo album (Curtis 1970) Mayfield...
helped inspire more soul singers to become self-writing, self-producing, album- oriented auteurs
Post-modernism
history is not a one way trajectory going forward, we can look back
Lineup crystalizes 1970
huge success Deep Purple In Rock
Britain__more music than they__
imported, exported
Where did the blues revival center?
in London
There were very few...
indie labels
"A Day in the Life"
innovative bridge between songs includes alarm clock, large orchestra simulate falling in and out of a dream
'Funky'
is a term that jazz and R&B musicians used for decades to refer to a strong groove that people could work up a sweat to Also had connotation of raspier/rougher timbre, vowel modulated sound (honking, growling wah-wah affects on horns), lower/bassier melodies
Collage
juxtaposition of varied of elements taken out of their original context to create something new
Major connection in the US between folk music and
left- wing politics, social activism
EWF "Serpentine Fire (1977)"
lyrics inspired by yoga concept Push and pull between sparer and more busy rhythmic layers Latin percussion Slap bass complex horn charts Choral vocals
Psychedelic
mind revealing, or mind manifesting
Alexis Korner
musician and radio broadcaster, known as "a founding father of the British blues"
Frank Zappa, the Mothers Of Invention
nfluenced by 20 th century classical music, doo-wop, modern jazz,
Stax/Volt performers
often wrote their own material, musicians would write and produce ; less "assembly line" than Motown
Stevie Wonder
one of the few Motown performers other than Marvin Gaye who really blossomed into a self- writing, self-producing auteur
Many singer-songwriters write songs directly about their...
personal lives; confessionals
"Mersey Beat"
pop music originating in the mid 1960's around Liverpool and northwest England
Parliament
pop-soul, doo-wop, jazz, prog-ish use of electronics
Liverpool and Hamburg were
port cities-lots of people eating, travelling, coming through, tourists, business men from around the world; Beatles free to experiment with songs they didn't know as well
Blues-based rock, classical music,
psychedelia
The Yardbirds
reference to Charlie Parker, who was nicknamed Yardbird Dedicated to blues tradition at first One of many rock bands becoming interested in Eastern sounding scales and modes Early "acid rock" Heart full of soul- "eastern feel", sitar-esque note bending on electric guitar Shape Of things- E vocative, surreal imagery
Andrew Loog Oldham
rolling stones manager and producer; joined 1963
Blues was viewed as more authentic than rock or pop because of the...
romanticist idea of folk music as embodying the soul of the underclass
Leadbelly (Huddie Ledbetter)
sang blues and other folk songs, called king of the 12- string guitar
Classical, Jazz (post 1945) =
serious and intellectual
In Hamburg, The Beatles played...
several different styles in 6-7 hour sets
Heavily amplified, thick guitar sound,
showcasing virtuosity came to define 70s hard rock
Emphasis on
simplicity, accessibility, and democratic ethos
These days "folk" might just mean
someone playing with mostly acoustic instruments, may or may not have anything to do with its connection to actual traditional songs or roots music
Primary writer Ray Davies, wrote
songs both celebrating and satirizing English culture and the conflict the Pre-War British ideals and the post-war reality
Soul Train
television program designed to showcase R&B/soul nationally starts in 1971 hosted by Don Cornelius
Much of British music industry was controlled by national radio aka...
the BBC
U.S. songs were very popular in...
the UK
British musical interest also extended to...
the blues
Marvin Gaye
the first Motown artist to insist on self-writing, self-producing an album, writing about serious issues Convinced Berry Gordy that he could grant performers creative autonomy and still have commercial success
Simultaneously an important influence on two opposing trends in rock music in the 70s
the increasing complexity of Prog-Rock, and the "three chords and an attitude" approach of Punk
Eclecticism
the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more other systems Bob Dylan, Folk Rock=Hey you've got to hide your love away, Mother Nature's Son European Classical Music=Yesterday, Eleanor Rigby (string octet), A Day in the life
Groove like "swing" refers to
the sense of rhythmic propulsion in music
Singer-Songwriters contrast...
the stadium/arena rock aesthetic/ many musicians wanted to cultivate a more intimate, closer feel. One writer said of James Taylor "he could make a stadium feel like a living room" But also aligns with "ambitious"/60s approach in that higher production values allow a softer/sparer/smaller arrangement to come across with more clarity, be a more engrossing listening experience
Hoffman and other psychiatrists thought it had potential therapeutic benefits
uncovering repressed memories, allowing insights through "ego dissolution", acceptance and "surrender" for clinical depression, terminal illness
Redding was known for his...
very intense "slow burn" ballads, gritty/rough vocals These Arms of Mine
Curtis Mayfield "Don't Worry (if There's a Hell Below , we're all gonna go)"
wah wah guitar, • fuzz bass (ala Sly & the family stone) • Latin percusssion • psychedelic production affects on the voice, • Orchestration used other than a "sweet" manner
Joe Hill
was a labor activist, folk musician and songwriter, member of IWW (industrial workers of the World)-
Muscle Shoals/FAME
where Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett (after he stopped recording at Stax), other southern soul artists recorded many of their albums, singles
Otis Redding
wrote or co-wrote much of his own material (BT & MG's guitarist Steve Cropper produced and co-wrote many of his songs too)
