History of Sport Test 1

Enlightenment

A cultural movement looking at the world based on science and reason on things that you can test. Getting away from superstition and religion.

1st Great Awakening

A revivalist movement that began in the 1730s that emphasized a closer relationship with god.

Southern Gentry

A small group of landowners in Virginia who owned most of the land in the southern colonies known as the landed gentry. The landed gentry would be most closely associated with which folkway? Southern Colonies

Playground Movement

Also designed to keep children out of trouble it began in Chicago in 1903 and was responsible for the jump of cities with supervised playgrounds from 41 to 504 in a little more than a decade.

Puritans

Anglican church had too much hierarchy Sabbath is a holy day where you rest Began to take over in 1650s Hunting Fishing and Children playing football were lawful CARDS WERE NOT LAWFUL IN PURITAN NEW ENGLAND

"Collegiate Way"

Belief that students would learn better in supervised environments far away from the city and evil temptations

Victorian Counterculture

Believed in expressing yourself and having fun Lower class and upper class in this group Not really the middle Boxing was NOT accepted by victorian society when the sport was cleaned up in the late 19th century Primarily made up of unmarried men, the percent of young males was 40%

Violent Games

Bobating- a bull dog would grab a bull by the scrotum and see how long it could stay on Football was very violent

Barn Ball

Bouncing a ball of the side of a barn and allowing another participant to hit it with a stick. Touch the barn before you were tagged or hit

Primogeniture

British cultural tradition that the first-born son inherits the family fortune

Ken Burns' "Baseball" 1st inning

CANDY CUMMINGS INVENTED THE CURVE BALL

Mike "King" Kelly

Colorful player who started his career in Chicago but was FAMOUSLY SOLD TO BOSTON FOR $10,000 IN 1887

Mills Commission

Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man.

National League

Couldn't be owned by the players No alcohol at games No Sunday games 50 cents a game A requirement to join was that new teams must be approved by the existing teams

19th Century Changes

Country starts to grow in population. Urbanization, Transportation, Communication More immigrants Which area didn't change in the 19th century? Voting Rights

Tavern Pastimes

Drinking gambling and having fun NEW ENGLAND WASN'T THE ONLY REGION WHERE TAVERNS WOULD BE FOUND

Knickerbockers

Earliest organized baseball club Reserved for gentlemen and was more about the social aspect than the actual games.

Walking City

First of the three stages of development of urban areas in which the edge of town was no more than two miles from the center of the city.

Cap Anson

First real superstar in baseball First base THE WHITE STOCKINGS Over .300 lifetime hitter

Cincinnati Red Stockings

First recognized all-salary team. won the inaugural season of 1869. Won 57 games and tied 1

Henry Chadwick

Former British cricket player who embraced the game of baseball and became a s sportswriter for the New York Clipper writing about the game. Invented Batting average and box score. FATHER OF BASEBALL

AG Spalding

Former star pitcher for the Chicago White Stockings who would go on to become a sporting goods magnate. He wanted to prove baseball was a uniquely American sport. Actually the creator of baseball

James Gordon Bennett

Founder of Casino Country Club

Royal Sports

Fox Hunt, joust, tilt yard

Leonard Jerome

GRANDFATHER OF WINSTON CHURCHILL

Toli

Game played by Native Americans that was an early form of Lacrosse. Big deal, crazy bets, rules varied.

Sporting Spectacles

Games set up by fraternities to showcase their sports and their best competitors. Victorians were against them because of the competitiveness and the gambling and money paid to the participants went against their basic beliefs.

Reserve Clause

Had players for current season and the next season Players didn't like it Couldn't negotiate a contract Wasn't embraced by the players

Paper Cases

Hare and hound races in England there were essentially cross country in which torn paper would mark the courses

Luther Halsey Gulick

He started the YMCA in Chicago and then when to New York.

Rational Recreation

If you could afford things (sports) you could have them in the privacy of your own home As long as competition wasn't involved

Pageant of Misrule

In this British game bachelors would mock Married Men, The Church, and The Monarch. HOWEVER THEY WOULND'T MOCK FOREIGNERS

Kolven

It is Golf, Shinnecock Hills was the first course and it was in Long Island

"Book of Sports"

King James' 1618 declaration of what sports were and were not allowed to be played on the sabbath. Came in response to the puritans. HE COMMANDED THAT NO ONE COULD BE ARRESTED FOR PARTICIPATING IN A LAWFUL SPORT ON THE SABBATH KING CHARLES RE-ISSUED HIS FATHERS BOOK OF SPORTS IN 1633 AFTER RETURNING FROM SCOTLAND BOWLING GOT BANNED AFTER THE BOOK OF SPORTS WAS CREATED

Baseball Fraternity

Knickerbocker baseball club was consider the first one People who are cooped up and then want to go and play after work Had to be a gentlemen to play

Moses Fleetwood Walker

Last black player until Jackie Robinson PLAYED FOR TOLEDO IN THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION Beer and Whiskey League Jackie came 60 years later

Sabbatarian Laws

Laws passed in the colonies to restrict recreation on the Sabbath

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Parliamentary forces during the British Civil War. Was the titular ruler of Great Britain after the Civil War when there was no monarch

Players League

League owned by players Aimed toward upper class No Alcohol Expensive Didn't play on Sunday Eventually Failed

John Cox Stevens

Made a ton of money on the race and buys both of the race horses Was in charge of New York Racing and got into breeding horses OWNER OF ELYSIAN FIELDS

Separate Spheres

Male public sphere and private female sphere Private children or what happened at home

Britain's Festive Culture

Most popular game is Football Citizens would engage in various games in large crowds to celebrate religious or pagan holiday or simply celebrating everyday life.

Quarter Horses

New breed of horse that were smaller with larger hind quarters Bred to race shorter distances at a faster rate

"Beer and Whiskey League"

Officially called the American Association, it was an early rival to the National League. Got nickname because they could serve alcohol at games. 25 cents to get in Could play on Sunday

Town Ball

Once three more bases were added the game was first called Four Old Cat and eventually town ball. Most closely resembles the modern game of baseball and the name derived from towns fielding teams to play the game.

One Old Cat

One person would pitch and you would hit it and then run to the pitcher and back before getting tagged

Public Schools Athletic League

Organized in New York City by Luther Gulick in the early 20th Century to put on competitions between schools and also to keep youth out of trouble after school.

Elysian Fields

Portion of John Cox Stevens' property in Hoboken, NJ. Used for baseball and cricket

William Hulbert

President of the Chicago White Stockings who formed the National League in 1876

2nd Great Awakening

Religious revival movement of the 18th Century that was more wide spread and longer-lasting than the movement of the previous century. About a hundred years after the first one Just as sports were really getting popular the religious people came Big effect on the southerners

Caledonian Clubs

Revolved around racing and track and field. Sprang up in the 1850s by Scottish Immigrants

"Muscular Christianity"

Second half of the 19th century movement that stressed a balance of physical and spiritual exercise. Thomas Wentworth Higgenson was a leader of the movement.

4 Folkways

Southern Colonies- to get land good view of sports New England Colonies- colonized to escape persecution from puritans poor view of sports Middle Colonies- quakers mixed sports Backcountry- land and money good view of sports

IC4A

Stepped in to oversee the running of track and field events for American colleges

Sporting Fraternity

Subcultures created by the counter culture for those who were interested in specific sports. Was a place to find surrogate brotherhood. Own language and activities WOULD MAKE MONEY BY SELLING ALCOHOL, BETTING ON EVENTS, AND GATE FEES

Republicanism

The belief during the American Revolution that everything done by the colonist should separate from Europe. new republic would have to be virtuous and idle recreation had no part in society. THOMAS JEFFERSON WORRIED THAT THE BRITISH EXAMPLE OF PLEASURE LOVING ARISTOCRACY WOULD RUIN AMERICANS

Quakers

The society of friends Pacifists Believe inner light comes out of them Would start shaking and thats how they got there name Felt no one should play sports

Rough and Tumble

Violent sport with no rules in the Backcountry usually contested when there was a real or perceived slight to ones manhood. Gouge out the opponents eyes.

Middle Class Victorianism

Was a time period in which there was a belief that there was commonality between the middle class of the wester industrialized world. Themes were Protestantism, Self-restraint, and hard work

YMCA

Was founded in England in 1851 and it focused more on the Christian part YMCA WAS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH BASKETBALL

Native Games

Wrestling, foot races, boxing, baseball, track and field

Alexander Joy Cartwright

Wrote the Rules of Baseball

William Cammeyer

a businessman who was a pioneer in the early days of Major League Baseball. He was the owner of the New York Mutuals franchise and even managed the team during the 1876 season

"Race of the Century"

A northern horse called the Eclipse and southern horse called Sir Henry raced Lots of betting, ECLIPSE won

Lawful Sport

Activities allowed by Puritan society which were designed to refresh the mind and body of the participant while being completely disassociated from Britain's Festive Culture. Allowed on the Sabbath

Needful Recreation

Activities deemed to be appropriate in Pennsylvania. Similar to Puritan Lawful sport, needful recreation was allowed if it benefited the individual through exercise or providing food.