History Project

3. To be directly quoted part III -https://www.jstor.org/stable/41554723?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

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5. To be used part V -https://www.jstor.org/stable/41554723?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

A Few years after the drug war was announced, Crack Cocaine hit the streets of inner city communities the Reagan administration seized this development with glee hiring staff who were to be responsible for publicizing crack babies crack mothers and crack whores and crack related violence the goal was to make inner-city crack abuse and violence a media sensation bolstering public support for the drug war which would lead congress to devote millions of dollars in additional funding.

8 To be direct quoted part III-https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40196101

A top Nixon aide, John Ehrlichman, later admitted: "You want to know what this was really all about. The Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying. We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did."

16 to be used part 4 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012156?seq=1

An August, 1996, series in the San Jose Mercury News by reporter Gary Webb linked the origins of crack cocaine in California to the contras, a guerrilla force backed by the Reagan administration that attacked Nicaragua's Sandinista government during the 1980s.

7 To be used part III -https://drugpolicy.org/drug-facts/methamphetamine-facts

Contrary to a common misperception, methamphetamine is not "instantly addictive" for most people who use it. Most people who use methamphetamine do not develop an addiction. For those individuals who do develop an addiction, treatment for methamphetamine addiction is similar to that for cocaine and other stimulants and just as likely to succeed.

11 to be used part 4 https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/9712/ch01p1.htm

For the better part of a decade, a Bay Area drug ring sold tons of cocaine to the Crips and Bloods street gangs of Los Angeles and funneled millions in drug profits to a Latin American guerilla army run by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency . . .

30- -Pairing Token: e4b7-97e2

For the better part of a decade, a Bay Area drug ring sold tons of cocaine to the Crips and Bloods street gangs of Los Angeles and funneled millions in drug profits to a Latin American guerilla army run by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency . . .

33 - https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

H.R. Haldeman President Richard Nixons White House chief of staff "the whole problem is really the blacks. The key is to devise a system that recognizes this while not appearing to"

4. To be directly quoted after 3 part III -https://www.jstor.org/stable/41554723?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

H.R. Haldeman President Richard Nixons White House chief of staff "the whole problem is really the blacks. The key is to devise a system that recognizes this while not appearing to"

6. To be used part III -https://drugpolicy.org/drug-facts/methamphetamine-facts

In 1971, Congress passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, which classified amphetamine and methamphetamine as Schedule II drugs, the most restricted category for prescription drugs. In response to an ever-increasing demand for black market stimulants, their illegal production, especially that of methamphetamine, increased dramatically.

15 to be used part 4 -https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/9712/ch01p1.htm

It is undisputed that individuals like Meneses and Blandon, who had ties to the Contras or were Contra sympathizers, were convicted of drug trafficking, either in the United States or Central America. There is also undeniable evidence that certain groups associated with the Contras engaged in drug trafficking. The pervasiveness of such activities within the Contra movement and the United States government's knowledge of those activities, however, are still the subject of debate

29- https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?refreqid=excelsior%3Af0f5e5def45074fe9833c702f3b943bf&seq=1

In a country with equal rights for all one out of every three Barack men in their twenty's is now in jail on probation or parole on any given day.

28 to be used part 3 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?refreqid=excelsior%3Af0f5e5def45074fe9833c702f3b943bf&seq=1

The war on drugs is a war on racial justice

36- https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

It is undisputed that individuals like Meneses and Blandon, who had ties to the Contras or were Contra sympathizers, were convicted of drug trafficking, either in the United States or Central America. There is also undeniable evidence that certain groups associated with the Contras engaged in drug trafficking. The pervasiveness of such activities within the Contra movement and the United States government's knowledge of those activities, however, are still the subject of debate

12 to be used part 4 - https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/9712/ch01p1.htm

Mercury News' Dark Alliance series, which included articles entitled, "War on drugs has unequal impact on black Americans; Contras case illustrates the discrepancy: Nicaraguan goes free; L.A. dealer faces life"; and "Flawed sentencing the main reason for race disparity; In 1993, crack smokers got 3 years; coke snorters got 3 months." The president of the Los Angeles chapter of the NAACP issued the following statement in response to the Dark Alliance series: "We believe it is time for the government, the CIA, to come forward and accept responsibility for destroying human lives."

20 to be used part 4 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012156?seq

Mercury News' Dark Alliance series, which included articles entitled, "War on drugs has unequal impact on black Americans; Contras case illustrates the discrepancy: Nicaraguan goes free; L.A. dealer faces life"; and "Flawed sentencing the main reason for race disparity; In 1993, crack smokers got 3 years; coke snorters got 3 months." The president of the Los Angeles chapter of the NAACP issued the following statement in response to the Dark Alliance series: "We believe it is time for the government, the CIA, to come forward and accept responsibility for destroying human lives."

22 To be used in part 3 chasing the scream

People in poverty were often discriminated against by the police of LA

38-https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

President Ronald Reagan officially declared the current drug war in 1982 when drug crime was declining not rising from the outset the war had little to do with drug crime and nearly every thing to do with racial politics the drug war was part of a grand and highly successful Republicans party strategy of using racially coded political appeals on issues of crime and welfare to attract poor and working class white voters who were resentful of and threatened by desegregation busing and affirmative action"

25 to be used in part 6 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/43496834?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

Racial injustices and disparities emanating from the war on drugs have been largely overlooked and even worse aggravated by previous administrations. With president Obama taking office there have been some significant approvals in addressing the issue of discriminatory drug policies.

35- https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

Racial injustices and disparities emanating from the war on drugs have been largely overlooked and even worse aggravated by previous administrations. With president Obama taking office there have been some significant approvals in addressing the issue of discriminatory drug policies.

31 - a promised land

Redlining, instituted by the federal government's Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in 1937, was designed to steer investment away from risky places. These were defined as those places with older buildings and non-white residents. Literally, the presence of a single Negro family meant that an area was given the worst possible rating this setting up the material basis for white flight.

9 to be used part IIhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/i40196101

Redlining, instituted by the federal government's Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in 1937, was designed to steer investment away from risky places. These were defined as those places with older buildings and non-white residents. Literally, the presence of a single Negro family meant that an area was given the worst possible rating this setting up the material basis for white flight.

23 to be used in part X -https://www.jstor.org/stable/43496834?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

Since president Richard Nixon declared a "War on Drugs" in1971 billions of dollars have been spent to reduce drug use and drug related crimes in the United States.

41https://www.deamuseum.org/ccp/coca/production-distribution.html

Small laboratories are scattered throughout the coca growing areas of South America. The hand picked coca leaves are soaked in gasoline and other chemicals to extract the coca base from the leaves in industrial-sized drums. Then the base is poured into brick molds. The water is pressed out, leaving a hard, easy-to-handle brick containing about 50 percent cocaine. The bricks are sent to collection points where they are shipped to markets in the U.S. and other countries.

21 to be used in part 3 chasing the scream

The war on drugs was a war on the blacks

17 to be used part 4 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012156?seq=1

The National Security Archive obtained the hand-written notebooks of Oliver North, the National Security Council aide who helped run the contra war and other Reagan administration covert operations, through a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit filed in 1989. The notebooks, as well as declassified memos sent to North, record that North was repeatedly informed of contra ties to drug trafficking.

10 to be used part II -https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40196101

The map with its sharp-edged boundaries mad the practice of deciding credit risk on the basis of neighborhood seem objective and put the weight on the U.S. Government behind it ... there are about 237 redlining maps still not digitized by the federal government

26 to be used part 6 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/43496834?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

The possibility of a progressive presidency for racial justice in the regard depends not only on the personal agenda of a sitting president seeking systematic reforms for a more egalitarian system.

34- https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971r873

The possibility of a progressive presidency for racial justice in the regard depends not only on the personal agenda of a sitting president seeking systematic reforms for a more egalitarian system.

1. To be used part V -p

There are more African Americans under correctional control today in prison or jail on probation or parole then were insulated in 1850 a decade before the civil war began .... If you take into account prisoners a large majority of African American men in some urban areas have been labeled felons for life .... permanently relabeled by law to a second class status. They can be denied the right to vote automatically excluded for juries and legally discriminated against in employment housing and access to education and public benefits much as there great grandparents and Jim Crow.

2. To be used part V. -https://www.jstor.org/stable/41554723?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

Those who live in white communities have little clue to the devastation wrought this war has been waged almost exclusively in poorer community's of color even though studies consistently show that people of all colors use and sell drugs at remarkably similar rates

27to be used part 3 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?refreqid=excelsior%3Af0f5e5def45074fe9833c702f3b943bf&seq=1

When it comes to the drug problem the federal government has failed to meet its obligation to insure domestic tranquility

39-https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

When it comes to the drug problem the federal government has failed to meet its obligation to insure domestic tranquility

24 to be used in part 6 - https://www.jstor.org/stable/43496834?read-now=1&googleloggedin=true#page_scan_tab_contents

Within the context of us drug policies from the time of Richard Nixon's presidency to that of Barack Obama the prospect for a progressive presidency toward addressing racial injustice and disparities.

40- https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/9712/ch01p1.htm

got 3 months." The president of the Los Angeles chapter of the NAACP issued the following statement in response to the Dark Alliance series: "We believe it is time for the government, the CIA, to come forward and accept responsibility for destroying human lives."

18 to be used part 4 -https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012156?seq=1

permanently relabeled by law to a second class status. They can be denied the right to vote automatically excluded for juries and legally discriminated against in employment housing and access to education and public benefits much as there great grandparents and Jim Crow.There are more African Americans under correctional control today in prison or jail on probation or parole then were insulated in 1850 a decade before the civil war began .... If you take into account prisoners a large majority of African American men in some urban areas have been labeled felons for life ....

42https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/crack-cocaine

powdered cocaine is easily processed into crack and how it can be smoked or free-based. Paraphernalia needed to manufacture crack are identified: powdered cocaine, baking soda, water, tongs, ice, and a heat source.

32- a promised land

violence a media sensation bolstering public support for the drug war which would lead congress to devote millions of dollars in additional funding.

19 to be used party 1-https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012156?seq=1

wrought this war has been waged almost exclusively in poorer community's of color even though studies consistently show that people of all colors use and sell drugs at remarkably similar rates

37-https://www.jstor.org/stable/40971924?

wrought this war has been waged almost exclusively in poorer community's of color even though studies consistently show that people of all colors use and sell drugs at remarkably similar rates