History quiz 9-10

__________________ was a Revolutionary War soldier, fierce proponent of a strong central government, and one of the primary authors of the Federalist papers. He also was a leader of the Federalist party and the first U. S. Secretary of the Treasury.

Alexander Hamilton

_________________ was the leading Revolutionary War general, Virginia planter, military hero and first president of the United States serving two terms and putting the United States on sound neutral ground amidst much turmoil in Europe.

George Washington

__________________ was the "Father of the Constitution and author of the crucial Federalist No. 10.

James Madison

_______________ was the American Revolutionary statesman, first Vice President and Secretary of the United States. A Federalist, his administration was marred by international turmoil and intra-party squabbles as well as the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts.

John Adams

__________________ was a leading American revolutionaries and diplomat and served as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He also wrote some of the Federalist papers and negotiated a highly controversial treaty with Great Britain named after him.

Jon Jay

Alexander Hamilton believed that the Bank of the United States was constitutional because of the a. "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution. b. Constitution's stipulation that the federal government had exclusive powers to create money and guarantee its value. c. clause declaring Congress's power to protect copyrights and patent protections. d. executive order signed by Washington deeming it so. e. President's inherent powers to administer federal finances.

a

All of the following were true of the Federalists except a. Hamiltonians supported full-blown democracy as the fountain of all civic good, rooted in the common folk. b. they were largely welded by Hamilton into an effective group by 1793. c. they advocated a strong central government. d. they openly advocated rule by the "best" people. e. they believed that "Those who own the country ought to govern it."

a

The Sedition Act of 1798 declared that a. anyone criticizing the President or other federal officials could be fined or imprisoned. b. foreign immigrants in the United States could be held in prison without the writ of habeus corpus. c. an office of wartime espionage would be created to carry out clandestine operations against the French. d. the Jeffersonian Republican Party was illegal until the war with France was settled. e. those who engaged in open rebellion against the federal government could be attacked by the U. S. Army as enemies of the United States.

a

All of the following were true of the period before the Constitution was drafted except a. not everyone agreed that a stronger central government was necessary. b. overseas shipping would not regain its place in the commercial world for another generation. c. prosperity was beginning to emerge from the fog of depression. d. nearly half the states had not issued semi-worthless paper currency. e. the nationwide picture was actually brightening.

b

As a condition for ratification, the federalists in Massachusetts and elsewhere promised that if adopted, the constitution would be amended to include a. a stronger provision for impeachment of the president. b. a bill of rights. c. an eventual end to slavery. d. direct election of senators. e. popular election of the president.

b

For funding, the Congress of the Articles of Confederation depended on a. excise taxes on whiskey and luxury goods. b. voluntary contributions from the states. c. provided a national income tax. d. the sale of the western lands. e. a tariff on trade between the various states.

b

Hamilton's first financial policies were intended to a. finance the new government through the sale of western lands. b. fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by the states. c. repudiate the debts accumulated by the government of the Articles of Confederation. d. insure that lower federal taxes would spur economic growth. e. guarantee that the dollar would become a sound and respected international currency.

b

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that the western territories a. should be governed as permanent colonies by the central government. b. would proceed through two stages on the way to becoming equal states of the Union. c. could decide for themselves whether to allow slavery. d. could choose whether to secede and form an independent nation after fifty years under the United States. e. set aside land for permanent reservations for Native Americans.

b

The crucial federalist successes in the fight for ratification occurred in the states of a. Georgia, Maryland, and Delaware. b. Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York. c. Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Rhode Island. d. Connecticut, South Carolina, and New Hampshire. e. Kentucky, Tennessee, and Vermont.

b

The first ten amendments to the new Constitution. a. were passed without debate. b. were passed to satisfy antifederalist concerns that the Constitution. c. formally severed the last ties between the governments of America and Britain. d. were subsequently revoked when Washington invoked executive privilege. e. did little to satisfy antifederalist concerns about individual liberties.

b

Despite the Revolution's emphasis on human rights and equality, the Founding Fathers failed to abolish slavery because a. they saw it as necessary to maintain American power. b. they feared black rebellion if slavery were removed. c. of their fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity. d. almost none of them believed that slavery was wrong. e. many of them felt guilty about interracial sexual liaisons with their slaves.

c

The 1786 rebellion of Daniel Shays and his followers represented the pent-up grievances of a. Whiskey distillers who faced steep new taxes. b. Veterans who had not received their promised pensions. c. Poor western farmers and debtors. d. Merchants and lenders whose wealth was being destroyed by inflation. e. Loyalists whose lands had been confiscated without compensation.

c

The Ninth and Tenth Amendments partly reversed the federalist momentum of the Constitution by declaring that a. the federal government had no power to restrict the action of local governments. b. the powers of the presidency did not extend to foreign policy. c. all rights not mentioned in the federal Constitution were retained by the staes or by the people themselves. d. the Supreme Court had no power to rule in cases affecting property rights. e. the states themselves were not bound by the guarantees in the bill of rights.

c

1. Which of the following was not present among the figures of the Constitutional Convention? a. George Washington. b. James Madison. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. Thomas Jefferson. e. Alexander Hamilton.

d

After the American Revolution, most of the southern states. a. went further and either abolished slavery outright or provided for the gradual emancipation of blacks. b. came close to officially abolishing slavery. c. saw many idealistic masters free their human chattels. d. ignored the Continental Congress's call, in 1774, for the complete abolition of the slave trade. e. gave full legal equality to freed blacks.

d

Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton believed that federal fiscal policies should be designed to favor a. veterans of the armed forces. b. farmers and western frontiersmen. c. wage-earning ordinary citizens. d. the wealthy. e. the states.

d

The Bill of Rights is the name given to the provisions who actual legal form consists of a. an executive proclamation of President Washington. b. Article II, Section 3 of the U. S. Consititution. c. a set of rulings issued by the Supreme Court. d. the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States. e. the common law rights inherited from the English Magna Carta.

d

The Great Compromise, finally agreed to by the Constitutional Convention, provided that a. the House of Representatives would be elected byu the people and the Sentate by the state legislatures. b. the large states would be taxed on the basis of population and the small states on the basis of territory. c. there would be separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of government. d. there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives but equal representation of all states in the Senate. e. slavery would continue to be permitted in the South but not the North.

d

The new Constitution did not provide for the creation of a(n) a. Electoral College. b. Supreme Court. c. federal court system. d. cabinet. e. vice president.

d

The rebellion of Pennsylvania farmers against Hamilton's whiskey excise tax a. was fomented by holdouts of the departed British army. b. rejected the revolutionary principles for which many had fought. c. resulted in the immediate repeal of the hated tax. d. was crushed by an army led by President Washington himself. e. resulted in a similar rebellion carried out by Daniel Shays in western Massachusetts.

d

Thomas Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions essentially declared that a. state Supreme Courts should be final judges of what laws were or were not constitutional. b. the Bank of the United States should cease operation in states that cleared their public debt. c. the federal government had not power or right to tax individuals under the Constitution. d. individual states had the right to nullify or refuse to obey unconstitutional federal laws. e. western states like Kentucky should not remain part of the federal Union.

d

1. One way that independence actually harmed the nation's economic fortunes was by. a. ending British trade and investment in America. b. abolishing the stable currency system that had existed under the empire. c. creating too much taxation and regulation by the federal government in Philadelphia. d. weakening manufacturing efforts begun under the British. e. cutting off American trade with the British empire.

e

Among the important social changes brought about by the American Revolution was a. the abolition of slavery everywhere except in South Carolina and Georgia. b. a strong movement toward equality of property. c. an army where the soldiers elected their own officers. d. full equality and voting rights for women. e. the increasing separation of church and state.

e

Despite the flourishing cities, America's population was still about _________ percent rural. a. 55 b. 20 c. 70 d. 40 e. 90

e

George Washington's successor, John Adams, was politically crippled by a. Washington's refusal to give him his whole-hearted endorsement. b. the political hostility directed at his assertive wife, Abigail Adams. c. the attacks and plots by enemies within his own Federalist party, including Hamilton. d. his ignorance and weakness in managing foreign and military affairs. e. His support of the unpopular Alien and Sedition Acts.

e

President Washington's foreign policy rested on the firm conviction that a. there should be an end to European colonialism in the Americas. b. the United States could enhance its power by mediating between warring Britain and France. c. America needed to adhere firmly to its Revolutionary alliance with France. d. America ought to enter the French-British war only if its own republican ideals were at stake. e. The United States was too militarily weak and political disunited to become involved in European wars.

e

The Antifederalists generally came from among a. the financial centers of New York. b. southerners. c. city dwellers and manufacturers. d. military veterans and those holding Revolutionary War bonds. e. states' rights advocates and poorer western farmers.

e

The first American political parties developed primarily because of a. the sectional division over slavery. b. the Founders' belief that organized political opposition was a necessary part of good government. c. the antifederalists' continuing hostility to the legitimacy of the new federal Constitution. d. patriotic opposition to foreign intervention in American domestic affairs. e. the opposition of Thomas Jefferson and his followers to Hamilton's financial policies and enhancements of federal government power.

e

The influential Founder and member of Congress who personally wrote the Bill of Rights was a. George Washington. b. Thomas Jefferson. c. John Marshall. d. Alexander Hamilton. e. James Madison.

e