History SG Unit 9 Lesson 4-6

The year 1870-1900 are called the Gilded Age. What does this mean and who coined this term for this period?

"Term coined by mark Twain to describe the post-Reconstruction era as a facade of prosperity" New lifestyle that middle-class Americans adopted during this period shopping, sports, and reading magazines and newspapers a commonly shared culture U.S. population and economy grew quickly, there was a lot of political corruption and wealthy people enjoyed lavish lives

New Immigrants

South and East in 1870s Many came alone, panning to save money in US and return home to live

Other than "jobs" name 2 other elements that drew people to American cities

variety, promise, and glamour?

What was the primary motivation for rural-to-urban migration in the U.S during the last half of the 19th century?

-making a living on a farm had become difficult In addition to weather conditions, isolation, amd limited opportunities, farmers faced economic struggles that hindered their livelihoods New tech enabled farmers to make more crops, but the grater supply caused prices to drop These factors, combined with excitement and variety of city life, sparked widespread rural-to urban migration earn more money and have a chance to improve their quality of life

Name 2 pieces of evidence that prove the renewal of Nativism during this period.

1) Chinese Exclusion Act exclude one ethnicity from migrating to the US 2) ghettos forming and people did not have all tej rights

Name at least 3 ways the New immigrants differed from the Old Immigrants that were considered by many as unfavorable

1)New immigrants were often catholic or Jewish and more likely to settle in cities rather than farms 2)Many native-born Americans felt threatened by thesis newcomers cuz of their cultures and languages 3)many native-born workers worried that immigrants would work for lower pay \ Poor and unskilled while the Old immigrants were wealthy and skilled

How were 1st and 2nd class passengers on ship who intended t make their homes in the US processed at American port cities?

1st and 2nd: inspected on the ship and released, unless they had medical problems All 3rd class, or steerage, passengers were sent to Ellis Island There, immigration officers conducted legal and medical inspection Since the shipowners did a preliminary screening before passengers boarded only about 2 % of immigrants were denied entry

What are suburbs? Why did these develop during the late 1800s?

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WHO INVENTED THE SAFETY ELEVATOR AND HOW did it fit into urban architecture of the late 1800s?

Alisha Otis

During the late 1800s two traveling circus businesses began to entertain America. Name these two who late merged to form the "Greatest Show on Earth".

Barnum & Bailey Circus

The most important immigrant processing center on the east coast opened in 1890s and was ______________.

Ellis island at NY Harbor

What was Joseph Pulitzer's contribution to the US during the Gilded Age?

He was a hungarian immigrant who had fought in the Civil War Active in Missouri politics in 1870s, he moved to NY in 1880s where he started a morning paper, THE WORLD So successful that he started publishing the EVENING WORLD Papers were not expensive cuz they were supported in part by businesses that places advertisements in their pages Pulitzer thought the Job of a newspaper was to inform ppl and stir up controversy His newspapers were sensationalistic, filled with exposes of political corruption, comics, sports, and illustrations Yellow journalism = sensationalism Designed to get the widest possible readership, rather than just news Pulitzer found a competitor in William Randolph Hearst, whose Morning journal employed the same tactics

How did John Wanamaker aid rural consumers and himself in his positions Postmaker General from 1889-1893

He was the 1st to offer a money back guarantee He placed large newspaper advertisements to attract customers later , Wanamaker became Postmaster General He lowered the bulk shipping rates and began free delivery to rural areas This led to a boom in the mail-order catalog business

What was the advantage of the "department stores" in the Gilded Age? Name at least 3 of the creator of these businesses and the cities in which they were located.

Jordan Marsh in Boston, Marshall Field in Chicago, and Wanamaker's in Philly 1st one: Rowland H. Macy opened what he called a department store in NY in 1858 Soon became the largest single store in US and serves as a model for many more US stores Widespread advertising, a variety of goods organized into "departments" and high quality items at fair prices new marketing and sales techniques For the 1st time, consumers began to notice and buy brand name goods

Name at least 2 changes that took place in public education during the Gilded Age. Why were these changes considered necessary?

Limited access to white institutions led to a growth in schools and colleges for African American Access the south, the # of normal schools, agricultural colleges, and industrial-training schools mushroomed as the children of newly freed slaves set out to prepare to compete as free people Today's liberal arts curriculum was largely designed during this era A few of the new careers-teaching, social work, and nursing- were open to missile-class women This led to an upsurge in women's colleges( since women couldn't go to men colleges)

Why were the new urban zoning laws considered necessary in American cities as they continued to rapidly grow?

Mass transit gave city planners to separate parts of the city by zoning, or designating cities established separate zones for heavy industry, financial institutions,and residencies

How were public schools agents of Americanization during the Gilded Age?

Newspapers and Literature allowed more Americans to read and public education spread rapidly grade-school became compulsory Schools taught courses in science, woodworking, and drafting, providing skills that workers needed in budding industries Urban leaders counted on schools to help Americanize immigrants, teaching them English and shaping them into good citizens

Old Immigrant regions of origin

North and West Europe Came before the the Irish and Germans Until 1870s, the majority had been Protestants came as families to settle many saved money for the journey, had a skill or trade, or had a formal education

Poor immigrants who had no connections in the US were many times given assistance by______in return for the promise of future political support.

Poltical machine they waited for immigrants who were helpless and befriended them helped them do stuff in return for loyalty very successful

Who was John Dewey and what were his contributions to American society and culture during the Gilded Age?

Reformer John dewey sought to enhance student learning by introducing new methods of teaching

What region of the US did not actually play a major role in this age of industrialization, immigration and urbanization! Why did this region not participate?

South because they were not as industrizalaed and were slow to advancing technology because they had always been in an agricultural economy before

Buildings built in cities to house the urban poor in large #s were called________.

Tenements

Why was the Chautauqua Movement?

The Chautauqua Circuit, a kind of summer camp that opened in 1874 Sponsored lectures and entertainment along NC Chautauqua lake Began as a summer school for methodist SUnday school teachers but later became a cross between community college and a country fair Lectures of intellectual subjects, music, exotic food, and attractions Chautauqua leaders were transporting their tents to small towns all across America to deliver comic storytelling, bands and singers, and lectures on poltics or morals Family stayed at a camo for 2 weeks Many ppl saw their 1st "moving pictures" or movies in a Chat. tent Theodore Roosevelt called it the most American thing

The 1st law banning immigrants was _________ in __________. Why was this law passed by Congress?

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers, limited the civil rights of Chinese immigrants already in the US, and forbade the naturalization of Chinese residents This law was passed because of economic and cultural tensions, as well as ethnic discrimination

Name ar least 2 positive outcomes to the Great Chicago Fire of 1771

The Great Rebuilding was to make a new urban center in Chicago big businesses, buildings, and. a new style of archietecture

What kind of activities took place at immigrant processing centers?

To enter: immigrants had to be healthy and show that they had money, a skill or a sponsor to provide for them They would be screened for diseases

How were all of the new factory created products intoduced to the American public? How did affect consumerism of the period?

Widespread advertising, a variety of goods organized into "departments" ppl wanted and brought the many new products on the market

How did American cities prove to be "frontiers of oppurtunity" for women during this period.

Women's opportunities were dramatically expanded in urban area In add. To factory work, they could take in boarders, do piecework, or become domestic servants oday's liberal arts curriculum was largely designed during this era A few of the new careers-teaching, social work, and nursing- were open to missile-class women This led to an upsurge in women's colleges( since women couldn't go to men colleges) However, many state uni. Began to accept women in their classes

Popular entertainment of the Gilded Age appealed mainly to males. Why was the first "professional sport" that was considered the most democratic?

baseball

The most original American sport created by Canadian James Naismith as an effective aerobic excersicse is ____________.

basketball

Around 98% of immigrants were accepted into the US during this period. For what reasons were the remaining 2% denied? What happened to those who were denied entrance to the US?

because of medical illness or legal standing they were sent back to their country

Urban immigrant communities are called________. What attracted immigrants to thesis communities?

ghettos they had a sense of familiarity for many immigrants it helped immigrants feel at home even though they were in a new country

How are processes of cultural blending expressed in the terms " melting pot" and "tossed salad"?

in which white ppl of all diff. Nationalities blended to make a single culture

Name at least 4 MAJOR PROBLEMS created by rapid urbanization during the Gilded Age?

overcrowding and poverty pollution crime and disease

What genre of art and literature dominated during the period 1870-1900?

realism

What kind of "shows" took place during Buffalo Bill's Wild West show?

riding, roping, shooting border dramas Wild West shows frontier characters, real Indians, fancy shooting, and horses

Urban architecture in the late 1800s saw the development of _______to provide more space for business or residents on smaller areas of land

skyscapers

Describe the travel accommodations known as "steerage" that most poor immigrants used.

steerage, the worst accommodations on the ship Located on the lower decks with no private cabins dirty and crowded Illness spread quickly and rough weather caused seasick ppl Frail ppl sometimes died

Name three forms of mass transit. that emerged in cities during the Gilded Age

street cars-1st introduced in Richmond,VA cable cars- trolleys powered by electric cars community rail lines subways system

new (to the US) sports that emerged in the 1890s for both men and women were _________-and _____________.

tennis and cycling