History test 5/10/22

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Settlers were supposed to:

Pay and look after Native Americans Teach them Christianity System often abused

Mulattoes

People of mixed African & European descent Made up the majority of people with mestizos

The Columbian exchange was a global exchange of____

People, goods, ideas and diseases

Mangellan was killed in ____

Philippines by a poison arrow

To prevent war between Spain & Portugal the kings go to _________

Pope Alexander VI

The Catholic Church was both______

Powerful & wealthy

Cuba canned independence in _______

Spanish American war

Conquistadors were

Spanish explorers and conquerers

People of Haiti burned_____

Sugar cane fields

Nappleon Bonaparte sent army to reclaim____

Sugar plantations

Colonies had 2 purposes:

Supply raw materials (sugar) Serve as markets for the parent country

Ideas from the French Revolution ________

Promoted slaves to revolt

U.S gained control of _________

Puerto rico, Guam, & the Philippines

Simon Bolivar

Return to Venezuela to join the revolution Used bold military tactics to take over the city of Bugota Light rebels through the jungle and over the Andes mountains to launch Declares Columbia independent

Haiti was a French colony called?

Saint - dominque

After 200 years of colonial rule______

Independence + movements began to take hold.

New Constitution leads to ____

Independence movement in wealthy creoles

US response to the missiles were

Set up novel blockade

The us secretly trained Cuban exiles to ________

Invade & overthrow Castro

Many missionaries were______________

Jesuits

The Catholic Church was the _________

Largest & richest land powers in Latin America

Fidel Castro

Led a guerilla war against baristas government

Agustin de Iturbide

Led the creole army against the rebels (flipped and joined forces w them) Declared himself emperor

The pope chose a ________________ to divide the "new world"

Line of longitude

Miguel Hidalgo

Mexican priest who promised to give land back to Native Americans

Who tried protecting Native Americans?

Missionaries

Colony exists to benefit the ___________

Mother country

European nations :

Must export more than import

European nations battle with________

Nappleon in Europe

The law that protected Native Americans from being enslaved was_____

New laws of the Indies

New Spain

Northern half of the kingdom Capital Mexico City

Columbus reached the "new world" or the "West Indies"

October 12, 1492

Teddy Roosevelt

Offered Colombia $10 million for a stretch of land 10 miles wide

Peninsula

Officials sent from Spain Controlled political & economic life of the colony Looked down upon other classes

Peru

Southern half of the kingdom capital in Lima

Who was Given permission to build missile bases in Cuba

Soviet Union

What was the richest and most powerful nation in Europe during the age of exploration?

Spain

Who claimed all the islands of Caribbean & the nearby mainland?

Spain

Wealth & power =

Ownership of gold and silver

Mangellan explored the coast of South American and renamed the _______

Pacific Ocean

The treasures of the Incas & Aztecs made slain the ___________

The richest and most powerful nation in Europe

Creoles did not get appointed to top jobs in the government or church bc_____________

They were not born in Spain

Mangellan crew were the first

To sail around the world

Fulgencio Batista

Took power in Cuba

Gran Colombia nations

Venezuela Colombia Peru Ecuador

Hacienda

Was a large tracts of land was operated by an owner or overseer (usually produced a single cash crop)

Spain controls land ________

West

Magellan

Who led an expedition around South America & the world

Native Americans

Worked on naciendas Lived in their own villages on hacienda Spoke there own language Majority were Christian

Bartolome de Las Casas

Wrote a letter to Spain speaking out against the miss treatment of Native Americans

Line of demarcation

boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World

Mestizos

people of Native American and European descent Majority of people & made up the middle class

Spain & Portugal searched for an ocean route to___________

Asia

Missionaries combined _____

Aztec and Christian symbols

Missionaries wanted the native Americans to________

Convert - destroyed temples & religious objects

Slaves

Could marry, own property and buy freedom Majority were also Christian

Had the most to gain if the Spanish rulers were not in power

Creoles

Reformers took control of Spanish government offered a new constitution giving _______

Creoles control of government

What are the three "g's"

God, gold, glory

Bolivar formed

Gran Colombia

What was the first independent country in America?

Haiti

What did the church receive from the kings of Spain & Portugal?

Huge land grants

The Spanish government issued encomiendas which gave Spanish settlers the right to_______

Demand taxes or labor from people living on the land

Portugal controls lands ________

East

Mercantilism

Economic system in Europe Stresses goals of the government over the individual

The Catholic Church controlled_____

Education, hospitals, services to poor Built the earliest universities

Majority of population were_____

Enslaved people

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Explored Panama He discovered the Pacific Ocean which he names the "south sea"

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Former slave who led the haitians to Independence Leader of rebels

Free blacks

Freed slaves Some bought their freedom and some were freed by their owners Laborers or skilled tradesmen

What were the goal of the Europeans?

Gain gold & convert native Americans to Christianity

The u.s agreed to a _____________ of food and medicine in. Exchange for the return of the Cuban exiles

50 million

Fidel Castro gained power and declared Cuba __________

A Marxist (communust) state Established one - party rule

What did the Catholic Church serve as?

A unifying source in Latin America

Creoles

American born descendants of Spanish settlers Pure Spanish descent

What's a viceroy

An official who ruled in place of the king

This led to

Agricultural revolution


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