History Test #8 [Short Answer]

What were the causes, politics, and perspectives of the Kansas-Nebraska act?

(Causes - See #4). The North did not support the act because it gets rid of the MO compromise, and the south does.

What were the provisions of Henry Clay's compromise of 1850?

-California becomes a free state -Proposed a new and more effective fugitive slave law -Gave residents of NM and UT popular sovereignty.

What are some economic activities that fotrmer slaves took part in after the war?

Educated blacks became teachers, formed their own schools, churches, and volunteer organizations.

What were the causes, politics, and perspectives of the Wilmot Proviso

The wilmot proviso was a proposed amendment to a Military appropriations bill that would forbid slavery in any territory acquired as a result of the war with Mexico.

What reasons (or motivations) did Senator Stephen Douglas have for creating the states of Kansas and Nebraska?

- Wanted to construct a railroad in between Chicago and San Francisco - Believe the people wanted more Western land in the Union. - Believed continued expansion could unify the nation. - Wanted Popular sovereignty.

What were the features of congressional reconstruction?

-Moderate and radical republicans join forces to override the presidents vetos. - Passed 14th amendment. Did not recognize state gov'ts formed under Lincoln-Johnson.

How did the attitudes towards slavery held by abolitionists, Free-Soilers, and Know-Nothing's differ.

Abolitionists wanted to completely abolish slavery. Free-soilers objected to Slavery's impact on white Work in the North, and didn't want slavery to spread into the territories. The Know-Nothings split over the issue of slavery.

How did the Kansas-Nebraska act affect the amount of land that was open to slavery?

All lands North of the MO compromise line was opened to slavery.

Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act so controversial?

Because it overturned the Missouri Compromise.

Why might the newly formed Republican party have chosen John C. Freemont as their first presidential candidate in 1856.

Because of his military background which gave him good decision making skills.

What were the views on political issues from the American Party (know-nothings)?

Believed in nativism. Believed catholic immigrants would overthrow democracy. Split over the issue of slavery.

What were some similarities in the goals of scalawags and carpetbaggers?

Both wanted to exploit a group or region for political gain.

How did John Brown contribute to the Bleeding Kansas issue?

By carrying out the Pottawatomie massacre.

Explain how supreme court decisions made it easy for discrimination to continue in the south.

By severely limiting the 14th and 15th amendment through the U.S. v. Cruikshank and the Slaughterhouse cases.

Explain how the cycle of poverty happened.

By the time share croppers pay their debts and share their crops, they had little money left. This tied them to one plantation.

What factors contributed to the stagnating southern economy?

Cotton's price dropped during the war. To compensate southern grew and oversupply of cottons which drove down prices further.

How did Lincoln and Douglas disagree about slavery?

Douglas believed in popular sovereignty, Lincoln believed slavery was immoral and should not go on.

Clarify Douglas's Freeport Doctrine.

Douglas's Freeport Doctrine said that slavery can't exist anywhere w/o local police regulation. He believed it was OK to exclude slavery from some states because not all economies relied on slavery.

How did the Lincoln-Douglas Debates sharpen the North-South Conflict?

Douglas's Freeport doctrine worsened the split between Northern and Southern Democrats.

Why did the term Bleeding Kansas come about?

Following the Pottawatomie massacre, Kansas became a battle ground in a civil war.

How did bleeding Kansas lead to the creation of the republican party?

Gave republicans the issues they needed in order to challenge the democrats for the presidency in 1856.

How did the Charles Sumner Caning lead to the creation of the republican party?

Gave republicans the issues they needed in order to challenge the democrats for the presidency in 1856.

How did the Free soil party lead to the creation of the republican party?

Helped form the republican party in Jackson Michigan.

How was sharecropping meant to be a solution to the South's economic problems?

Ideally, sharecroppers would buy tools and drive a better Bargain with their landowners.

How does the term popular sovereignty play a role in the compromise?

It allows settlers to decide for themselves where slavery is legal in their state or not

Why did the presidential reconstruction plan fail?

Johnson vetoed the Freedman's Bureau and Civil rights act.

How did President Johnson's Reconstruction plan differ fro Lincoln's?

Johnson wished to prevent wealthy Southern landowners and high ranking officials from taking the oath.

Why did Lincoln favor a lenient reconstruction policy?

Lincoln believed it was constitutionally impossible to secede, and that the Southern states never left the Union.

How did Lincoln's election affect the south?

Lincoln's election convinced southerners that they had lost their political voice. Later, Southern states seceded.

What are some reasons why former slave owners/planters suffered a shortage of labor in the post-war period?

Many able-bodied workers were killed in the war, former slaves refused to work in the field, and many free people flt that raising cotton was too much like slavery.

How did the Whig Party lead to the creation of the republican party?

Northern whigs helped form the republican party in Jackson Michigan.

How was the republican party formed?

Northern whigs, antislavery democrats, and Free-Soilers formed the party in Jackson Michigan, their founders including Horace Greeley.

How did John Brown's hanging sharpen the North-South Conflict?

Northerners admired John, and did not support his execution. Southerners supported his hanging.

Explain why Northerners favored the Wilmot Proviso and why the South did not.

Northerners feared if any more slave states joined the Union, more Southern Congressmen could deny economic opportunity to free workers. Southerners held that slaves were property protected by the constitution and that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional.

What were the views on political issues from the Republican party?

Opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories, largely abolitionist.

What were the views on political issues from the Free-Soil party?

Opposed the extension of slavery into the territories. Did support other Anti-black laws.

What is the concept of popular sovereignty?

Popular sovereignty allowed states to decide for themselves whether they are free or not.

What were the views on political issues from the Whigs?

Pro business, divided on slavery.

Why was the problem of ending slavery during the civil war so slippery?

Seizing property during war only applied to belligerent nations. The south is not a nation under the constitution.

How did sharecropping cause greater economic problems?

Sharecropping caused the cycle of poverty.

What was Stephen Douglas's influence on the Kansas Nebraska act?

Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska act. (because..... see #4)

How did the Dred Scott Decision sharpen the North-South Conflict?

Stunned the North, pleased the south. Paved way for slavery expansion because it declared the MO compromise unconstitutional.

Provide examples that caused reconstruction to fail from its beginning in 1866 to its eventual conclusion in 1872.

The KKK severely limited African Americans and the Panic of 1873 causes faith to be lost in republicans,.

What were some ways in which southerners displayed opposition to reconstruction?

The KKK used violence to stop African Americans from finding economic success.

What obstacles stood in Douglas's way? How could he overcome these obstacles?

The Nebraska Territory lay north of the MO compromise line. To pass the Kansas-Nebraska act, the MO compromise would have to be repealed.

What were the Northern and southern reactions to Popular Sovereignty?

The North did not support popular sovereignty, but over 90% of Southern congressmen did.

Why did California's application for statehood cause a problem in the first place?

The South thought that since most of California fell below the MO compromise line, California would be a slave state. California's constitution made the state free however.

What was the Southern response to the idea of banning slavery in the territories?

The South threatened to Secede from the Union.

What were the causes, politics, and perspectives of the Compromise of 1850?

The South was on the verge of secession, so Henry Clay drafted the Compromise of 1850.

What were significant issues that post-war southern states had to deal with and what specific solutions did the gov't provide?

The South's infrastructure was severely damaged, property value plummeted, and Cotton prices were down. The government responded with the public works program.

Why did Lincoln believe only a constitutional amendment could truly end slavery?

The courts could put those freed by the emancipation proclamation back into slavery.

Give examples of corruption in the Grant administration.

The credit mobilier affair which skimmed profit from a gov't railroad contract, involved members from Grants cabinet. Whiskey distillers also bribed tax collectors so they didn't have to pay taxes. This also involved members of Grants cabinet.

What effect did the panic of 1873 have on the republican party?

The debate over the Specie Resumption Act drove people away from reconstruction. The republican party was weakened.

What was Lincoln's 10% plan?

The government pardons all confederates (except high ranking officials) if they swear allegiance to the Union. After 10% of people on the 1860 voting list took the oath, a confederate state could form a new gov't and regain representation.

How did the Harper's Ferry Raid sharpen the North-South Conflict?

The north supported Brown's actions, the South didn't. The south became worried the North was plotting against the South.

Why did Lincoln's plan anger radical republicans?

They wanted a harsher punishment, and they wanted to give rights to the African Americans, not just free them.

Why did the Sharecropping labor system take place?

With the previous labor system, freed slaves often thought the wages were too low and the landowners had too much control over them. Landowners also needed workers, and more crops.