History Unit 3- Rakestraw

Benito Mussolini

(1883-1945) Italian leader. He founded the Italian Fascist Party, and sided with Hitler and Germany in World War II. In 1945 he was overthrown and assassinated by the Italian Resistance.

Social Security Act

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Which sector of the economy did not prosper in the 1920s?

Farmers, African Americans, Native Americans and workers in some industries declining

How many times was Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected president?

Four

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash

The Grapes of Wrath

John Steinbeck's novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression. Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America

D-Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Stock Market Crash 1929

Plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression. this was caused by overproduction

Huey Long

Political leader from Louisiana who criticized the New Deal

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

a federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

War of the Worlds

1938 was a story on the radio directed by Orson Welles, it was so realistic people thought that aliens were actually invading

Cash and Carry Policy

1939. Law passed by Congress which allowed a nation at war to purchase goods and arms in US as long as they paid cash and carried merchandise on their own ships. This benefited the Allies, because Britain was dominant naval power.

Lend-Lease Act

1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war

Tuskegee Airmen

332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.

What did the U.S. get from Britain in exchange for 50 old American destroyers?

99-year leases on British bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland.

bear market

A steady drop in the stock market over a period of time

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

Emergency Quota Act

A government legislation that limited the number of immigrants from Europe which was set at 3% of the nationality currently in the U.S. It greatly limited the number of immigrants who could move to the U.S. And it reflected the isolationist and anti-foreign feeling in America as well as the departure from traditional American ideals.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Bull Market

A period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices

Navitism

A policy favoring the interests of established citizens over those of immigrants.

Isolantionism

A policy of avoiding contact with other countries

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other

Appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Marcus Garvey

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Platt Amendment

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Rosie theRiveter

American propaganda character urging women to take jobs in factories to help with war effort

How did the American economic crisis affect the European economy?

As European countries tried to recover from the war, they depended on American financing. That's how in 1929, when the American economy started its crash, it brought Europe down with it.

Pearl Harbor

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which eagered America to enter the war.

Roosevelt's Court Packing Plan

FDR wanted to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15. This would give him an advantage in the rulings against his New Deal laws.

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region

Why did Prohibition fail?

Crime began to rise and it was too difficult to regulate illegal alcohol and they were coping with war

Who was the greatest American hero of the 1920's and why?

Charles Lindbergh, he made the first nonstop flight from New York City to Paris

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

War Production Board

Converted factories from civilian to military production. Manufacturing output tripled.

What were some of the characteristics of the stock market in the months leading up to the October 1929 crash?

Economy slowed down, people began selling their stocks, taking their money out

What was Franklin Roosevelt's position concerning the Depression in the 1932 presidential campaign?

He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it.

Alice Paul

Head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.

What action finally caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany?

Hitler's invasion of Poland,

National Recovery Administration

It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so as to effectively raise the value of crops, thereby giving farmers relative stability again.

Navajo Code Talkers

Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher

Public Works Administration

New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings

What finally convinced the Japanese to surrender?

Nuclear weapons;The atomic bombs were too much to handle along with all of the other air raids that the US was doing to them, and were killing too many people.

Bootleggers

People who produced, smuggled, or sold alcoholic beverages illegally during the era of Prohibition in their boot

Works Progress Administration

Program of the New Deal to perform public works to put people back to work.

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

Provided affordable electricity for isolated rural areas.

List the similarities of the totalitarian regimes mentioned in the Ch. 25 notes.

Ruled by a dictator who was glorified as a hero Allowed only one political party Emphasized total loyalty to the government and its leader Denied individual rights Censored the press and other media •

Double V Campaign

The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad."

What changed in housework during the 1920's?

There was electricty, vaccum cleaners, washing machines, and etc..

How were Japanese Americans treated during WWII?

They were treated very poorly. They were sent to internment camps (110,000) because the US believed they would betray the US. They lost all they had.

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

What ended the Great Depression?

WWII

Scope Trial

Was an American legal case in 1925 in which a high school biology teacher John Scopes was accused of violating the state's Butler Act that made it unlawful to teach evolution.

Hoovervilles

a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s named after the president they believed who they blamed for their financial problems

What did many Americans fear would happen if Al Smith were elected President?

answer to the pope

What are some of the approaches used by FDR to fight the Depression early in his administration?

banking reform laws, emergency relief programs, work relief programs, and agricultural programs.

Flappers

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.

Sacco-Venzetti Trial

criminal trial where Italian immigrants were convicted of murder and robbery, sentenced to death, believed unfair because the men were sentenced because they were anarchists

What did Herbert Hoover do to revive the economy?

emergency quota act and established fdic

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

Which musical style epitomized the 1920s?

jazz

Civilan Conservation Corps (CCC)

put 2.5 million young men to work restoring and maintaing forests beaches and parks

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails