HLT 3381

Health is determined by the interaction of genetics, social circumstance, the environment, and behavioral choices, as well as the availability of health care.

T

Hypertension, highest among African Americans, is a modifiable risk factor.

T

Multiplicity is the number of activities in an intervention and dose is the number of program units delivered.

T

One of the challenges for women in having care as they age is that they are likely to live longer than men and are less likely to remarry.

T

Our choices of foods based on ethnic influences and traditions are socio-cultural factors that influence health

T

In creating a health promotion program, those the program is intended to serve is called:

The priority population

In 90% of cases with an identifiable perpetrator of elder abuse, the perpetrator is a poorly paid and poorly trained worker at Assisted Living and Nursing Home facilities.

F

Premature births are those when the gestation period is less than 40 weeks.

F

Public health can do a great deal to reduce communicable diseases but lifestyle choices are not as likely to be impacted.

F

Teen pregnancy is currently rising in the U.S., making us among the top nations in teen pregnancy excluding industrialized nations.

F

The chain of infection is so strong that at least two links must be missing for the chain to be broken.

F

The only criteria for causality in experimental studies are the strength of the association and the biological plausibility.

F

The primary difference between health promotion and health education is that health promotion uses evidence based practices whereas health education may not.

F

The reason safety varies so much in different cities is because there is no legal requirement to provide safe schools.

F

With regard to trends in portion sizes, portion sizes of meals have increased over the past several decades.

T

Women are more likely to live alone as elders.

T

Within the chain of infection, the disease producing agent is referred to as:

The pathogen

The most common reason for post neo-natal deaths is:

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Which of the following is the first, maybe single most important population characteristic when considering disease, injury, or death:

Age

The comparison between those who are economically productive and those economically unproductive is called:

Dependency ratio

Despite an aging population, there is a lower dependency ratio, in large part because:

Elderly baby boomers are continuing to work which lowers this ratio

The multidisciplinary study of biological, psychological, and social processes of aging and the elderly is referred to as:

Gerontology

Looking at HIV as a worldwide issue would, by definition, be most appropriately described as:

Global Health

The average number of years a person from a cohort is expected to live is referred to as:

Life expectancy

________ involves treatment for mental illness through verbal communication.

Psychotherapy

From a socio-ecological perspective, which of the following levels influences the greatest number of people:

Public policy level

___________ is defined as the sudden unanticipated death of an infant in whom, after examination, there is no recognizable cause of death.

SIDS

The federal program that provides funding for family planning services for low income people is:

Title X

The leading cause of death in children is:

Unintentional injury

"The people of the city of Columbus," "seniors in the church," and "those on welfare," are examples of:

communities

Which of the following is considered binge drinking:

A and B only (Consuming 5 or more drinks on a single occasion for males Consuming 4 or more drinks on a single occasion for females)

Which of the following has resulted in a loss of community, thus influencing the need for community building:

A and C (Mobility of populations Changes in technology)

Which of the following tends to be true for teenage moms:

A and C only (They are more likely to experience premature births and low birth weight babies They are likely to experience complications from pregnancy)

As a result of strong birth control programs, fewer than 25% of pregnancies are now unplanned.

F

Which of the following would most significantly increase the size of a population:

A net increase in immigration

Which of the following examples of program planning would also be an example of community organization/building:

All are examples (An organization's "biggest loser" program at work , Employee wellness activities, Anti-violence campaigns within a community)

Scale weight includes:

All of the above (Bones Muscle Fluids)

Which of the following is a part of family planning:

All of the above (Deciding how many children to have Deciding the timing of when to have children Selecting a method of contraception)

Which of the following are examples of social determinants:

All of the above (Gender Socioeconomic position Race/ ethnicity)

Which of the following health behaviors are recommended areas for improvement for elders:

All of the above (Physical activity Healthy eating Immunizations)

Which of the following would be considered a behavioral risk factor impacting the health of many adults:

All of the above (Smoking Alcohol use Inability to maintain proper body weight)

Which of the following are barriers to adopting a lifestyle intervention at the individual level?

All of the above (Traditions Lack of social support Literacy)

Which of the following is a health concern of the 21st century:

All of the above (Environmental concerns cause by population growth, Health disparities among populations, Lifestyle diseases including obesity)

Health is a dynamic state that is multi-dimensional. Multi-dimensions include:

All of the above (Physical, Spiritual, Social)

With regard to non-communicable diseases, the multi-causal model would include which of the following:

All of the above (person's genetic predisposition Personal behavioral choices, The environment)

Which of the following contribute to overall health disparities:

All of these (Education Culture Politics)

Which of the following are factors that affect the health of a community:

All of these (Individual factors Socio-cultural factors Physical factors Community organization)

Which of the following are examples of how the law can impact health behavior:

All of these (Mandatory seat belts laws Drinking and driving laws Smoking restrictions laws)

The primary difference between an observational study and an experimental study is:

An experimental study controls the intervention while an observational study follows the natural course of events

Descriptive studies are only useful if they follow a sufficient number of analytic studies.

F

Diabetes is lowest among those of Hispanic descent.

F

Genetic predisposition is a modifiable risk factor for cancer.

F

Infant mortality rates are highest in the U.S. for:

Blacks, non-Hispanic

What is the rationale for culturally tailoring lifestyle interventions?

Both A and B (Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions is compromised without cultural tailoring Achieved effect of lifestyle interventions is not sustainable without cultural tailoring)

The single best source for health statistics in the United States is:

Center for Disease Control

Prevalence rates are calculated by dividing all cases (old and new) by the total populations. Prevalence rates are particularly useful for which of the following?

Chronic illnesses

Describe the difference between communicable and noncommunicable diseases and give one example of each. Tell me if and how the communicable and noncommunicable disease examples you provided can be prevented, through primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. You only need to describe one level of prevention for each disease example. (respond in 5-7 sentences)

Communicable disease are caused by biological agents or their products, they are transmissible to a host. An example of a communicable disease is HIV. This can be prevented through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. It could be pimary prevention by having sex education in schools and home, encouragement of communication between partners, abstinence, and contracpetives. Noncommunicable disease are not passed from person to person, they are known as chronic diseases. An example of a noncommunicable disease is heart disease. Tis can be prevented through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. It could be primary prevention by regularly exercising, having a balanced diet and lifestyle, and annual check ups.

Health adjusted life expectancy is the best measure to help us understand the circumstances and needs of returning veterans with permanent life changing injuries.

F

Although from different racial and ethnic groups, most refugees share which of the following:

Difficulty in accessing appropriate health and mental health services

MIC risk factors can be reduced with:

Early educational preventive medicine interventions

Although malaria would be rare in the US, in some areas of the world a few cases are relatively constant. This is referred to as:

Endemic

Among adolescents, two out of three are living in single family homes resulting in half of adolescents often living below the poverty line.

F

The government's principle agency for health and health services is:

Health and Human Services

Which of the following is true regarding the elderly:

Highest rates of poverty among the elderly are minorities and women

The largest minority group in the United States is:

Hispanics

Which of the following is true among adolescents:

Homicide and suicide rates have increased drastically in the last 50 years

Rates which help us understand acute illness because they only look at new cases in a population are:

Incidence rates

Immunizations and recycling are examples of what type of factor that influences the health of a community:

Individual Factors

The Shattock Report in the middle of the 19th century was important because:

It marked the beginning on the modern public health era

If working on developing a health program related to alcohol for the University, identifying who drinks, how much, and what the high risk groups are is part of which step:

Needs assessment

Describe the difference between personal health and community health activities. (respond in 2-4 sentences)

Personal health activities are based on one's actions and decisions that affect the health of an individual or the immediate family or friends. Community health activities are directed toward protecting or improving the health of a population or community, which could be government led. The difference between these to things is the amount of people who are affected.

Larger communities have a greater number of health problems but also a greater number of resources available.

T

The type of power that is important in empowering people by helping them have a voice and join together collectively for change is called:

Political power

The availability of markets with health foods in all neighborhoods is an example of:

Primary prevention

SES (socioeconomic status) is the single most influential contributor to premature morbidity and mortality.

T

Which of the following describes a socio-cultural factor impacting health:

Religious beliefs with regard to abortion

Schools that actively engage parents and community in school health efforts respond more effectively to the health needs of students.

T

Stopping smoking is the single most impactful behavior change for a person to make related to improving their health.

T

The aging of baby boomers has a significant impact on services that will be needed and the cost of such services.

T

The main difference between primary and secondary prevention is that the presence of risk has been identified in secondary prevention.

T

Social determinants of health have been shown to play a significant role in health disparities or the unequal burden of disease that exists among specific populations in the US. There are certain groups in our population that experience a higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and higher rates of chronic disease and mortality, which often are explained by social determinants of health. 1) give me 2 examples of social determinants, 2) define socioeconomic status, and 3) give me one example of a healthy disparity observed among a specific US population. You may use an example from your book or from the videos you have watched for your participation activities. (respond in 4-7 sentences)

Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. Two common examples are gender and socialeconomic postion. Socioeconomic status is the position or standing of a person in society determined by social and economic factors. One example of health dispaity is that there is a earlier onset of cardiovascular disease in black americans than any other racial/ethnic group.

The most difficult step in the Community Building process is establishing sustainability and long term capacity in the community.

T

The third, and oldest, group of elders is the most rapidly growing group in the U.S., which will profoundly impact our health care system and economy.

T

The two factors that contribute to low birth weight babies are gestation period & intrauterine growth rate.

T

Although comprised of many different ethnic groups, Asian Americans and Hispanics are similar in that acculturation is a factor to consider when evaluating the health of foreign-born individuals in these populations.

T

Approximately a quarter of high school students report using marijuana which presents a significant health concern for that population.

T

Best practices are those that are evidence supported, and have substantiated efficacy with other populations

T

Case fatality rates are an important specific rate since they measure percent of cases that result in death, helping us determine severity.

T

Cultural tailoring is defined as the process of creating culturally sensitive interventions; often involving the adaptation of existing programs, materials, and messages.

T

Deaths from motor vehicle-related injuries account for nearly one-fifth of all deaths for adolescents and young adults.

T

Dietary factors are associated with 4 of the 10 leading causes of death in adolescents and young adults.

T

Early childhood immunization rates vary.

T

Epidemiology is the study of distribution and determination of health related states or events in a specific population.

T

Ethnicity is generally related to one's shared culture, language, etc., whereas race is most often considered a designation based on one's skin color, etc.

T

Facebook could be considered a cyber-community.

T

Health disparity has been defined as, "differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States."

T

What was the major finding of the 1977 CDC report that studied premature deaths:

That 48% of premature deaths were linked to lifestyle or health behavior

Which is an example of how a public health program/campaign has impacted health:

The Back to Sleep campaign

Compliance and adherence to protocols is most important at what stage of prevention:

tertiary

By definition, Public Health is:

what society does collectively to assure conditions for people to be healthy