HLTH 115 Unit 1 exam

Which variable is not part of the equation for the Estimated Energy Requirement?

Cultural Background

The role of enzymes in the small intestine during protein digestion is to split proteins into:

amino acids and small peptides

T or F Compared to low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins are made up of about the same amounts of protein, cholesterol, and phospholipids.

False

T or F It is accurate to suggest that a donut is more nutrient-dense than a piece of whole wheat bread.

False

T or F Most digestion takes place in the mouth.

False

All types of plant foods, but not animal sources of food, contain this type of carbohydrate.

Fiber

An organ that stores and concentrates bile from the liver

Gallbladder

What substance is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells?

Glucose

Adequate folate intake prior to and early in pregnancy may reduce the risk of neural tube defects

Health Claim

Low-fat diets may reduce the risk for some types of cancer.

Health Claim

The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97-98 percent of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group.

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Which enzyme in your mouth helps to break down starch into sugar molecules, starting the process of starch digestion?

Salivary amylase

In response to stimulus such as seeing food or smelling food, which component of the gastrointestinal system increases the flow of saliva, changing the saliva composition?

Salivary glands

________ act as valves along the gastrointestinal tract to control the flow of food material.

Sphincters

T or F Absorption takes place in the small intestine.

True

T or F Adequate energy intake spares dietary and body proteins so they can be used for protein synthesis.

True

T or F Although most cells can burn fat for energy, the body also uses glucose to burn fat efficiently.

True

T or F Bile is concentrated in your gallbladder and released to the small intestine on demand

True

T or F Essential fatty acids deficiencies are extremely rare in the United States.

True

T or F High intake of foods rich in dietary fiber offer many health benefits, including reduced risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders.

True

T or F In the intestines, fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into lymph vessels and water-soluble nutrients are absorbed into capillaries.

True

T or F One possible consequence of eating too little protein in your diet is that your body cannot make as many antibodies as it needs, your immune response is weakened, and your risk of infection and illness increases.

True

T or F Recommended Dietary Allowances are the suggested amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of most people in a particular age group.

True

T or F Stressful emotions such as depression and fear can decrease gastric acid secretion, reduce blood flow to the stomach, inhibit peristalsis, and reduce food moving through the GI tract.

True

T or F The Adequate Intakes (AIs) are determined through observation of healthy individuals.

True

T or F The bran component of a kernel of grain is rich in dietary fiber and nutrients.

True

T or F The dietary principle that suggests that all foods can fit into a healthful diet is best described as moderation.

True

T or F The underlying core nutrition concepts that help to keep the focus of healthy eating on a total diet approach include nutrient density, calorie control, moderation, variety, adequacy, and balance.

True

T or F When dietary protein is inadequate, body protein is broken down faster to replenish the amino acid pool, which can lead to a loss of essential body tissue.

True

If liver and muscle glycogen stores are not adequate to meet body needs, which of the following is likely to occur?

Your body can make glucose from body protein

Most amino acids require _______.

active transport

Chemical bonds between glucose molecules in starch that are easily broken by human digestive enzymes are called:

alpha bonds

The amino acids in body tissues and fluids that are available for new protein synthesis are called:

amino acid pool.

The part of the central nervous system that regulates the automatic responses of the body is the:

autonomic nervous system

Without ________, fat digestion will be affected.

bile

The part of a kernel of grain that is rich in protein, oils, vitamins, and minerals is the:

germ

After absorption, fructose and galactose are converted into _______ in the liver.

glucose

Chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called:

hormones

Benefit(s) of fiber include(s):

improving glucose tolerance by slowing down the movement of carbohydrate into the small intestine.

Trans fatty acids are associated with:

increasing blood cholesterol levels

The Adequate Intake for fat is available for:

infants ≤ 12 months old

Except for _______, all of the following are examples of protein hormones.

keratin

The name of the major enzyme responsible for the breakdown of lipoproteins and triglycerides in the blood is:

lipoprotein lipase

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are the most common ________ in the human diet.

monosaccharides

Nonspecific lymphocytes that spontaneously attack and kill cancer cells and cells infected by microorganisms are known as:

natural killer cells

The healthfulness of a food is best described as its:

nutrient density

The _________ secretes enzymes that affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

pancreas

The _________ movements of the large intestine are slow compared to that of the small intestine.

peristaltic

The constant recycling of proteins in the body is known as:

protein turnover

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for protein, an individual should consume between ______ and ______ grams of protein based on a 2,000 kilocalories diet.

50, 175

Dietary and stored fats supply approximately ______ percent of the body's resting energy needs.

60

Select each of the following mandatory components of food labels.

-A statement of identity -The net weight of the food contained inside of the package -The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor -A list of ingredients in descending order by amount weight

Select each of the following that are stimuli that create a response within the body to better digest, absorb, and use anticipated nutrients.

-Seeing Food -Smell of food -Tasting food -Thinking about food -Hearing a description of food

Select each of the following that tend to be low in a poorly planned vegetarian diet.

-Vitamin D -Zinc -Omega-3 fatty acids -Calcium -Vitamin B12

Our bodies use protein for various functions such as replacing skin cells, producing antibodies to fight infections, and assisting in the essential body processes of:

-muscle contractions. -maintaining water balance. -transport nutrients.

T or F Amino acids are not similar in size, shape, or composition but are similar in pH and electrical charge.

False

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat, an individual should consume approximately ______ gram of fat based on a 2,000 kilocalories diet.

44-78

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the World Health Organization recommends consuming less than ___ grams of sugar based on a 2,000 kilocalories diet.

50

Based upon expert estimates of nutrient intake by a defined group of healthy people; these are used when there is insufficient scientific evidence to establish an EAR.

Adequate Intake (AI)

Fatty acids may differ from one another:

All of these are correct -in chain length. -in how water-soluble they are. -in degree of saturation.

Which of the following lifestyle changes could reduce heart disease risk?

All of these are correct. -Increase fruits and vegetables intake -Regular exercise -Control weight

_______ in the large intestine is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids and fiber.

Bacteria

A framework of dietary standards that includes EAR, RDA, AI, and UL

Dietary Reference Intake

Which of the following have the function of accelerating the rate of chemical reactions but are not altered in the process?

Enzymes

The nutrient intake level estimated to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a life-stage and gender group.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

T or F According to food label laws, a food that has 10 grams or less of fat per serving can be defined as a low-fat food.

False

An organ that produces and secretes bile

Liver

Fat Free

Nutrient content claim

Lean and extra lean

Nutrient content claim

An organ that secretes enzymes and releases hormones that regulate metabolism

Pancreas

Glands in the mouth that release saliva

salivary glands

Digestion of protein begins in the:

stomach

A claim that describes the potential effect of a food, food component, or a dietary supplement is called a:

structure/function claim

Helps prevent dental cavities

structure/function claim

Helps promote immune health

structure/function claim

Common table sugar is made up of one glucose and one fructose molecule and is otherwise called:

sucrose

Most fatty acids in food and in the body exist as part of a _______ molecule.

triglyceride

The network of veins and arteries through which blood carries nutrients is the:

vascular system

All of the following are FDA approved health claims, except for _______.

vitamin D may reduce the risk of depression

Some ______ is produced by bacteria in the _______.

vitamin K, large intestine