HLTH 231 Chapter 3 Review Questions

Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is personal health concerns. family responsibilities. relationships. money.

money

After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation? exhaustion resistance denial alarm

resistance

Luci has worked as a customer service representative for two years. She believes that this job has improved her ability to cope with a variety of stressful situations and is confident in her ability to do so. Luci is exhibiting which of the following personality traits? self-efficacy low self-esteem Type B Type A

self-efficacy

The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as stress inoculation. downshifting. shift and persist. psychological resilience.

shift and persist.

Which of the following BEST describes a Type C personality? relaxed distressed hostile stoic

stoic

Catrina just missed hitting a deer as she was driving along a dark, curving road. She felt her racing heart finally slow down after she pulled off the road and took a few deep breaths. This is an example of a(n) adaptive response. state of overload. fight-or-flight response. challenge.

adaptive response.

Cortisol is secreted by the pituitary gland. thymus. thyroid gland. adrenal glands.

adrenal glands.

Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome? alarm resistance exhaustion recovery

alarm

Eating healthy foods helps in managing stress, although the precise reasons are not fully understood. because they are easier on the digestive system than junk foods. because food is comforting and eating can distract one from problems. especially if they contain sympathomimetics.

although the precise reasons are not fully understood.

Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress? an impending promotion losing your job failing a test the death of a grandparent

an impending promotion

Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT competition and conflicts with work colleagues. jobs with high expectations and low control. aspiring to be the best one can be. excitement and eustress in the early stages of a new relationship.

aspiring to be the best one can be.

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for insomnia. mood disorders. cardiovascular disease. blood cancers such as leukemia.

cardiovascular disease.

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as acute episodic stress. traumatic stress. chronic stress. acute stress.

chronic stress.

The sum of exposure to stressors, including complex traumas, is known as chronic stress. allostatic load. overload. cumulative adversity.

cumulative adversity.

Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused distress. episodic stress. traumatic stress. eustress.

distress.

You have been a successful doctor of internal medicine for many years. You recently gave up your large practice in the city to join the staff of a small-town clinic where you will work four days a week. Which method are you using to manage stress? downshifting biofeedback meditation stress inoculation 1

downshifting

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is insulin. epinephrine. thyroxin. cortisol.

epinephrine.

After weeks of arguments, Riley and Schaeffer break up. They both spend most of the following weekend sleeping, eating, and watching TV. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are they now in? exhaustion alarm denial resistance

exhaustion

Stress management consists of eliminating all sources of stress. learning to juggle as many tasks as possible. firmly controlling reactions to stress. finding balance and developing coping strategies.

finding balance and developing coping strategies.

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful? getting more sleep and "down time" a regimen of "energy-boosting" supplements increasing alcohol intake to promote relaxation broadening one's social support system

getting more sleep and "down time"

Jake is an excellent student and seems pretty resilient. He is passionate about becoming a pediatrician someday, and perseveres despite a high stress level due to his heavy course load and tight finances. Which of the following traits does Jake demonstrate? the typical Type B personality the typical Type A personality shifting grit

grit

Your roommate just ate the last of your trail mix without asking. Which type of stressor is this? pressure conflict change hassle

hassle

Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT heart disease. diabetes. hearing loss. migraines.

hearing loss.

Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with broken heart syndrome. a Type D personality. high stress and low self-esteem. hostility.

high stress and low self-esteem.

Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life. his negative beliefs and hostile attitudes toward others. his actions that often harm others verbally or physically. bouts of anger ranging from irritation to rage.

his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life.

Research has shown that laughter results in all of the following EXCEPT increased levels of oxygen in the blood. decreased stress levels. pain reduction. increased risk of heart disease.

increased risk of heart disease.

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that a person's sympathetic nervous system has been activated? increased heart rate increased blood pressure increased salivation increased respiration

increased salivation

Which of the following has been recommended as a method for managing stress? using mind-altering drugs to induce a sense of peace engaging in demanding or competitive physical activity keeping a journal to track your stressors, worries, and options practicing dichotomous thinking

keeping a journal to track your stressors, worries, and options

Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT dementia depression Alzheimer's disease meningitis

meningitis

Makoto has a disability affecting his movement. Throughout high school, he has been rejected, teased, and bullied. Makoto has been experiencing transactional stress. homeostasis. adaptive stress. minority stress.

minority stress.

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in decreasing appetite and thirst. increasing heart and respiratory rates. relieving pain. mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.

David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience the resistance response. insomnia. the adaptation syndrome. the flight-or-fight response.

the flight-or-fight response.

Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. Which of the following defines the term allostatic load? the increased magnitude of a stressor required to cause a response the ability of the immune system to respond to assaults the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response the magnitude of the body's response to a stressor

the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response

All of the following are techniques used in the Chinese art of feng shui EXCEPT positioning your bed so that it is not aligned with the door. picking up clutter daily. using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible. coordinating the colors of your walls and your bed linens.

using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible.

Jeff knows the midterm chemistry exam is going to be tough. He is trying to prepare for it by taking a practice test every night before he goes out with his buddies. Jeff is using the technique of stress inoculation. using alcohol as a coping mechanism to relax. restructuring his thinking patterns. increasing his level of stress before the test.

using the technique of stress inoculation.

Which of the following forms of stress management also improves strength and flexibility? deep breathing yoga biofeedback visualization

yoga

Among the following, the group most likely to struggle with stress are older adult males. older adult females. young adult males. young adult females.

young adult females.

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT your past experiences. your friend's level of stress. your age. your general health status.

your friend's level of stress.

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals, your memory may be impaired. you are more likely to be able to concentrate in class. you are likely to experience euphoria. your ability to make sound decisions is enhanced.

your memory may be impaired.

Mariah is behind on her coursework because of training for the upcoming tryouts for the swim team. On top of that, she broke up with her boyfriend last week. Monica, her twin sister, does not participate on a sports team and has plenty of time to get her homework done before her boyfriend visits most evenings. Compared to Monica, Mariah is likely to experience fewer incidences of cold-related symptoms. less joint pain. more upper respiratory illness. better sleep.

more upper respiratory illness.

Downshifting refers to the process of deliberately completing tasks at a slower pace. using meditation to combat the stress response. taking steps to simplify one's life. allowing passivity to take over as a result of stress.

taking steps to simplify one's life.

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is cyberstress. technostress. media stress. wikistress.

technostress.

Which of the following is a useful strategy to prevent explosive anger? Avoid all situations that provoke anger. Have a couple of beers and watch TV to take your mind off the issue. Pound on something soft, like a pillow. Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others.

Develop realistic expectations of yourself and others

Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true? The graduates' average debt was about $17,000. Experts estimate that about 5 percent of these graduates will default on their student loans. More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt. Nearly two-thirds reported that they were moving back in with their parents to save money.

More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt.

Which of the following is a key time management strategy that can reduce stress? Stack your mail in one place and go through it once a week. Multitask. Only clean up clutter when you have enough time to get to all of it. Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end.

Set clear implementation intentions toward a specific end.

Which of the following is TRUE about stress? Stress is only produced by externally imposed factors and is always negative. Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges. It is possible to eliminate all stressors in our lives if we try hard enough. Stress does not affect a person's general health.

Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges.

Which of the following statements regarding stress and hair loss is NOT true? Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase. Stress-related hair loss can occur in both men and women. Stress may cause hair to fall out in clumps. The most common type of stress-induced hair loss is telogen effluvium.

Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase.

Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation? It usually takes some effort and patience to learn to meditate. There is only one meditation style that is considered effective. Meditation involves some method of calming and focusing the mind. Meditation allows the body to relax while the mind is focused.

There is only one meditation style that is considered effective.

Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function? You keep changing the diet, vitamin, and exercise regimen you follow to see faster results. You have a fairly calm demeanor and life rarely "stresses you out." You purchase a new car when you get your first job offer. Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.

Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.

The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response. biological sympathetic adaptive fight-or-flight

adaptive

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for dementia posttraumatic stress disorder burnout episodic acute stress

burnout

The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the hypothalamus. pituitary gland. frontal lobe. cerebral cortex.

hypothalamus.

To manage stress, the first step is to determine which stressors can be reduced or eliminated. control your emotional responses. identify and assess the stressors in your life. choose to ignore the stressors in your life.

identify and assess the stressors in your life.

The immune system's ability to respond to assaults is known as immunocompetence. defense. adaptation. immunity.

immunocompetence.

One reason the validity of the Type A personality theory has been debated is that far more people have been found to have Type C or D personality rather than Type A or B. most people have either Type A or Type B personalities. the early research had serious methodological flaws. not all Type A people experience negative health consequences.

not all Type A people experience negative health consequences.

Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as acute stress. chronic stress. overload. pressure.

overload.

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as pressure. homeostasis. overload. frustration.

overload.

The gland that secretes ACTH is the adrenal. pituitary. thyroid. thymus.

pituitary.

Eleanor comes from a low-income family and struggles to pay for her tuition, room, board, and school supplies. The other students in her major all seem to have no trouble purchasing everything they need, as well as new clothes, meals off campus, concert tickets, and the latest technology. Lately, Eleanor has been struggling with feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, and doubt that may be due in part to relative deprivation. background distressors. hassles. discrimination.

relative deprivation.

Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as hardiness and grit. shifting and persisting. coping and hoping. self-advocacy and self-efficacy.

shifting and persisting.