HLTH 480 Final Exam

Chronic respiratory disease includes which 2 major groups of diseases?

COPD Asthma

Explain the meaning of "double burden".

Double burden affects many low-income and middle-income countries, this takes place when the country is dealing with problems of infectious disease and under-nuttrition, while at the same time they are experiencing a rapid upsurge in chronic disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight.

Please list 4 characteristics of chronic disease.

High degree of prevenrability Comorbitity usually present Links between poverty and development Low cure rate

Johnny is obese, and as a healthcare worker you are meeting with Johnny and his mother. His mother wants to know why this happened. Please provide two modifiable risk factors contributing to his chronic disease and two environmental factors that underlie the modifiable risk factors.

Lack of physical activity, poor diet choices and environmental factors Lack of sufficient parks and recreational facilities in the neighborhood, this is because these people live in food deserts and do not have easy access to fresh produce

What is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide?

Not using tobacco

What are the 2 reasons as outlined in the PowerPoint that those in poverty are more vulnerable to chronic disease?

They have a higher exposure to different environmental problems They do not have as much access to healthcare to cure and prevent these diseases

Name 3 micronutrient deficiencies that contribute substantially to the disease burden among children under 5 years of age.

Vitamin A Iron Zinc

Define co-morbidity.

When someone is living with two or more diseases

List 2 methods for assessing nutritional status.

biochemical ( laboratory) dietary ( nutrion, BMI, etc.)

In addition to early initiation of breastfeeding, optimum breastfeeding recommendations include:

breastfeeding within the first hour of life exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and then complementary feeding/breastfeeding through 2 years of life

a. stunting b. underweight c. wasting

c- low weight-for-height a- low height-for-age b- low weight-for-age

Which 2 groups are most vulnerable to nutrition-related mortality?

children poor population

Name three long-term consequences of undernutrition.

decreased cognitive development smaller adult size poor reproductive ability/performance

All malnutrition is undernutrition. Hence the terms can be used interchangeably.

false

Child mortality is a long-term consequence of undernutrition.

false

Chronic disease is primarily a problem in developed countries.

false

List 4 common health consequences of overweight and obesity.

heart disease diabetes musculoskeleton disease cancer

What are the 4 factors leading to increased obesity and overweight mentioned in the readings and powerpoint?

income: Among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American men, those with higher incomes are more likely to be obese than those with low income. increase in nutrition ( food) and decrease in excercise a global shift in diet towards inreased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in sugars a trend towards decreased physical activity due to the increasely sedentary nature of many forms of work

What are 4 things that can be done on the individual level to prevent and reduce the burden of overweight and obesity?

increase consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as legumes limit intake of sugars increase physical activities limit energy intake from total fats and shift fat consumption away from saturated fats to unsaturated fats

The materials listed 5 areas where changes can be made to decrease overnutrition. List 2 of them below.

keeping a food journal to measure food intake cooking more meals rather than ordering fast foods

Define overweight and obesity in terms of BMI

overweight: BMI equal to or more than 25 obesity: BMI equal to or more than 30

Which 2 groups of people are most vulnerable to overweight and obesity? Why?

poor populations are more likely to be overweight or obese than the rich because lower income individuals consume higher amounts of calories through fast foods and sodas that are high in sugar and fats children- most children do not have a choice in what they eat therefore some develope the unheatlhy eating habbits of their parents

While poor fetal growth is rarely a direct cause of death, it contributes indirectly to neonatal deaths.

true

What does the term "hidden hunger" mean?

when someone is not receiving the proper micronutrients that they need, even though they may appear to be okay