Hofstede Dimensions of culture
low uncertainty avoidance
-weak, less agressive, accepting of personal risks -cultures w/ chinese-speaking populations & confucion tradition = low
high uncertainty avoidance
-active, aggressive, intolerant -students expect teachers to know all the answers -need to work hard, need for rules history/lang of roman-high
high power distance
-children expect to be obedient; display respect for higher status -power in the hands of few; power is centralized -US becoming higher in power distance -large population = high power distance -national wealth associated w/ LOW power distance
Dominant US cultural patterns
-individualism: set own goals, pursue them independently, let baby cry -freedom -strong faith in science & technology -materialism-possessions important -work = identity -time as commodity -need for achievement -equality & conformity
Arab
-ppl who practice Islam = Muslims -Islam = religion -ultra conservative: Wahhabism: compared to the Puritans-saudi arabia; frowned on smoking, drinking, virtually any contact between unmarried members of opposite sex
4 dimensions
1. individualism-collectivism: loosely structured, tightly integrated 2. masculinity-feminity: donimant values= assertive or nurturing 3. power distance (high, low): distribution of influence w/i a culture 4. uncertainty avoidance (high, low): a culture's tolerance of ambiguity and acceptance of risk
5th dimension
Confucian dynamism: long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation to life short-term values: respect for traditon & reciprocity in social relations long-term values: persistence & ordering relationships by status
Masculinity
distinction between what women & men are expected to do. stress assertiveness, competition, material success
long-term orientation
encourages savings, thrift, perseverance
short-term orientation
keep up w/ social pressure, less savings, concern for face
Feminine
permit overlapping of social roles of sexes stress quality of life, interpersonal relationships, concern for weak colder climates
