Homework Ch. 6 Bone & Bone Tissue

Which of the following effects will NOT fit into the box with the question mark?

Osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix

Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

calcitonin

osteoclast

cell that breaks down bone tissue and releases calcium

Osteoblasts

cell that deposits calcium into bone to make bones stronger.

the major organic componant of bone extracellular matrix is:

collagen

Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?

collagen fibers help bones resist twisting, pulling, or stretching forces.

Charlie has a break in the shaft of his thigh bone. He broke the __________.

diaphysis

osteocyte

mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

Select the factors that would increase bone density & prevent osteoporosis:

medications such as biphosphonates, which inhibit osteoclasts, a diet rich in vitamin D & calcium, walking, calcitonin administration, estrogen replacement therapy for post-menopausal women.

Bone resorption requires the activity of:

osteoclasts

Osteoblasts are to bone deposition as:

osteoclasts are to bone resorption.

Collagen

protein fibers; provides bones with it's flexibility

Cells that develop into osteoblasts are:

osteogenic cells

Bone cells that are found in the endosteum and periosteum and build new bone matrix are called:

Osteoblasts

Which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?

Osteoblasts

which type of cells is responsible for bone deposition?

Osteoblasts

The hormone calcitonin causes an increase in:

bone deposition

For a person who starts running for exercise, __________.

bone deposition exceeds bone resorption

In the epiphyseal plate of a long bone, cartilage grows:

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis.

Bone is the most important storehouse in the body for:

Calcium

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Communication

How long does bone repair generally take?

6-8 weeks

What type of growth do you think a 40-year old male experiences?

Appositional growth

Why is articular cartilage an important part of long bone structure?

Articular cartilage allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints.

Which of the following happens closest to the diaphysis of a bone that is growing in length?

Calcified cartilage is replaced with bone.

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

Epiphyseal Plate

Which of the following events is the first step in bone fracture repair?

Formation of a hematoma

In certain diseases, osteoclast activity takes over osteoblast activity, which will cause the bone to:

Increase in breakdown of the ECM without it being rebuilt, leading to weakening of the bone.

Phosphorus

Inorganic compound of bone; contributes to bone density

Which of the following is an effect of PTH?

It stimulates the intestines to absorb calcium.

the small, fluid-filled cavity occupied by an osteocyte is called a(n)

Lacuna

Small cavities that are located between lamellae & contain osteocytes are called:

Lacunae

Name this component of the bone:

Spongy bone

What type of bone is illustrated?

Spongy bone

in adults, most bone marrow in the body is yellow?

TRUE

which of the following is the last step in bone fracture repair?

The bone callus is remodeled & primary bone is replaced with secondary bone.

A radiograph revels epiphyseal lines in the long bones of a 12-year old's hand. Which of the following statements is correct?

The epiphyseal plates have ossified, and further growth in length is not possible.

which of the following increases bone density?

Weight bearing exercise, a diet with vitamin-D, and calcium, sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

the occurrance of osteoporosis is highest in women between 45-79 years of age. Why do you think that is?

Women in this age group have gone through menopause & have decreased estrogen levels.

Osteoporosis

a disease that occurs due to a decrease in bone mass and density. as a result bones become weaker.

appositional growth allows bones to:

grow in width

What is the first step of bone repair?

hematoma formation

What is the function of red bone marrow?

hematopoiesis

Calcium

the most abundant mineral; deposited into bone t provide bone density.