Homework Chapters 1, 2, 3

Allopathic medicine means, literally:

"Different Suffering"

Conviction of a crime

can result in loss of license

Put the Following Steps in Order

1. Need for basic life 2. Need for a safe and secure environment 3. Need to belong and to be loved 4. Need for esteem, where status, responsibility and recognition are important 5. Need fro self-actualization for personal growth and fulfillment

Corporation

A body formed and authorized by law to act as a single person

Sole Proprietorship

A form of medical practice management in which a physician practices alone, assuming all benefits and liabilities for the business

Partnership

A form of medical practice management system whereby two or more parties practice together under a written agreement specifying the rights, obligations and responsibilites of each partner

Physician-Hospital Organization

A health care plan in which physicians join with hospitals to provide a medical care delivery system and then contract for insurance with a commercial carrier or an HMO.

Group Pratice

A medical management system in which three or more licensed physicians share the collective income, expenses, facilities, equipment, records and personnel for the business

Associate pratice

A medical management system in which two or more physicians share office space and employees but practice individually

Preferred Provider Organization

A network of independent physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers who contract with an insurance carrier to provide medical care at a discount rate to patients who are part of the insurer's plan. Also called preferred provider association (PPA).

Which of the following is true of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning?

A social contract is formed during the post-conventional morality stage.

Managed Care

A system in which financing, administration, and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee.

Indemnity

A traditional form of health insurance that covers the insured against a potential loss of money from medical expenses resulting from an illness or accident.

Individual Practice Association

A type of HMO that contract with groups of physicians who practice in their own offices and receive a per-member payment (capitation) from participating HMOs to provide a full range of health services for members.

Physicians' actions generally classified as fraud include

All of these

Unlawful acts are always

All of these

Sellers and manufacturers can be held legally responsible for defective medical devices and products through what charges

All of these are correct

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary care setting?

An endoscopic center

Choose the words missing from each level

As infants grow, they develop an awareness of things and people even if not in their direct sight, leading to the second stage, called the preoperational or egocentric stage, which extends from ages 2 to 7.

Respect shown for the patient by allowing them to make their own health care decisions.

Autonomy

Why did Tom and Bill in this chapter's opening scenario come to different decisions?

Because of differences in their societal, cultural, and family influences

Violation of a professional organization's formalized code of ethics

Can lead to expulsion from the organization

Choose the words missing from each level

Children at this stage of development explore the world with their five senses and cannot yet see from another's point of view.

Which of the following is not true of Jean Piaget's theory of value development?

Children in the sensorimotor stage of development see things as right or wrong.

Electronic Medical records are kept under password-protected files

Confidentiality

Choose the words missing from each level

During this time period, the child views the world from his or her own perspective.

Written codes of ethics for health care practitioners

Evolved primarily to serve as moral guidelines for those who provided care to the sick

Choose the words missing from each level

Finally, during the formal operational stage, children develop abstract thought and begin to understand that there may be different degrees of wrongdoing.

What Greek physician is known as the father of medicine?

Hippocrates

Name the pledge made by physicians that remains influential today

Hippocratic Oath

L

Involves a mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level.

C(certification)

Involves a voluntary credentialing process, usually national in scope, most often sponsored by a private-sector group.

Which of the following best defines utilitarianism?

It is a consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people.

Which of the following best defines duty-oriented moral reasoning?

It is a decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on its intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act.

Which of the following statements best defines accreditation?

It is a process for officially authorizing health care education programs, facilities, and managed care plans.

How is Abraham Maslow's theory of needs-based motivation best defined?

It is a theory that says human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order.

How does Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning differ from Piaget's theory?

Kohlberg theorized that moral development occurs more gradually and takes longer than Piaget proposed

Which of the following is an explanation for the increasing number of medical specialists?

Loss of prestige for generalists

Each state's medical practice acts also provide for the establishment of

Medical boards

What is another term for your personal concept of right and wrong?

Moral values

Deficiency or D-needs

Need for basic life - food and shelter Need for a safe and secure environment Need to belong and be loved

Being or B-need

Need fro esteem, where status, responsibility, and recognition are important

A physician making treatment decisions that cause no harm to the patient

Nonmaleficence

What ethics code superseded earlier codes to become the definitive guide for a physician's professional conduct

Percival's Medical Ethics

According to the principle of confidentiality, what should the receptionist in the video have done?

Protect the confidentiality of the information

A physical therapist's main goal is helping the patient recover from injury and stay healthy

Role Fidelity

A respiratory therapist administering a breathing treatment that is within the scope of his or her practice

Role Fidelity

What is bioethics concerned with?

The ethical implications of biological research methods and results

Choose the words missing from each level

The first stage occurs from birth to age 2 and is called the sensorimotor stage, during which the child is totally self-centered.

Law is

The minimum standard necessary to keep society functioning smoothly

Teleological or consequence-oriented theories judge the rightness of a decision based on

The outcome or predicted outcome of the decision

Primary Care Physician

The physician responsible for directing all of a patient's medical care and determining whether the patient should be referred for specialty care.

Which of the following is not true of Piaget's stages of value development?

The preoperational stage of development is characterized by abstract reasoning

Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative states that

The right action is one based on a determined principle, regardless of outcome

Choose the words missing from each level

The third stage of Piaget's theory is called the concrete operational state, which extends from ages 7 to 12.

Virtue ethics focuses on

The traits, characteristics, and virtues that a moral person should have

Point-of-Service Plan

This plan allows plan members to seek health care from non-network physicians, but the plan pays the highest benefits for care when given by the PCP or via a referral from the PCP.

Open Access Plan

This plan allows subscribers to see any in-network health care provider without a referral.

Which of the following is not a purpose of medical practice acts?

To be sure physicians are adequately compensated for their services

A physician fails to meet continuing education requirements. He or she is guilty of:

Unprofessional conduct

A physician admitting to a patient that a medical error has occurred in the course of their treatment

Veracity

The idea that everyone is entitled to health care, regardless of their ability to pay

Veracity

Alasdair MacIntyre argues that

Virtue ethics is the only theory that makes sense

The basis for ethical conduct includes

all of these

Licensure to practice medicine is done by

each individual state

Which of the following best defines the osteopathic approach to medicine

emphasizes the musculoskeletal system of the body and the correction of joint and tissue problems

Critical thinking skills include

first clearly defining a problem

Physicians today practice primarily

in group practices

Which of the following is mandatory for certain health professional to practice in their field

licensure

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven principles of health care ethics

malpratice

Virtue ethicists, such as Alasdair MacIntyre, believe that someone who has appropriate ___________________ such as common sense, a sense of justice, and courage will make the right decision.

moral virtues

Martha's decision on whether to share Mr. Samperi's PHI with her boyfriend is grounded in the second stage of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for a _____________ environment.

safe and secure

A physician is licensed by the ____ in which he or she wishes to practice

state

The sole authority granted to the federal government in the licensing of physicians is

the permit issued by the Drug Enforcement Administration for controlled substances.

Unethical behavior is always

unacceptable