Honors Biology 9.1-9.3 Review (Q&A)

False

True or False: One goal of the Human Genome Project is to classify all of the alleles that cause genetic disorders

sizes of DNA fragments

What do the bands on a restriction map show?

Genetically engineering rice crops that are tolerant to change in the environment

Rice, the most popular food crop in the world, can be successfully grown only in certain places. If trends in climate change continue, the areas in which rice currently grows will be significantly reduced. What is potentially the best way biotechnology can keep the harvest of rice from decreasing?

can contain plasmids

Scientists commonly use bacteria in genetic engineering because bacteria

False

True or False: DNA fingerprinting can be applied to insert new genes into organisms

False

True or False: DNA fingerprinting enables genetic engineers to determine the arrangement of genes on a chromosome

True

True or False: In bacteria, a circular DNA molecule is called a plasmid

a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism

What is a clone?

identical twin sisters

What is an example of clones?

genomics

What is the study of entire genomes?

recombinant DNA

What is the term for the structure in part 3 of the diagram?

cut the foreign gene & plasmid to have sticky ends

What role do restriction enzymes play in part 2 of the diagram?

bioinformatics

What term is used to desribe the use of computer databases to analyze and organize biological data?

bacteria

Where is this structure in Figure 9.4 found?

removing the nucleus from an egg cell

Which is an essential step in cloning organisms?

regions of noncoding DNA

Which of the following is the basis for the molecular differences identified by DNA fingerprinting?

polymerase chain reaction

Which process could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA large enough to study?

DNA microarrays

Which technology can compare the expression of thousands of genes at once?

gel electrophoresis

Which technology uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?

restriction enzymes

Bacterial enzymes that cut the DNA of organisms are called

The use of biological process in living things for practical purposes, including DNA fingerprinting, PCR, and restriction mapping.

Biotechnology and its applications are in the news every day. What advances in biotechnology have changed the science of forensics? In your answer: identify two applications of biotechnology that are used in forensic science today.

prove a family relationship

DNA fingerprinting can be used to

pair up and join with any other DNA fragments cut by the same restriction enzyme

DNA fragments cut by a restriction enzyme can

recombinant DNA

DNA that contains genes from more than one organism is called

It doubles

During each PCR cycle, what happens to the number of copies of a DNA segment?

DNA nucleotides in genes or genomes

Gene sequencing defines the order of

Humans and bacteria rely on the same genetic code.

Genes for mecially important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and produce a human protein?

genetic code

Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same

Insurance companies could drop a patient's medical coverage based on potential medical issues projected by genetic screening.

Genetic screeing is a procedure where a person's DNA is analyzed to identify a genetic predisposition to lethal diseases. One advantage of genetic screening is that it allows doctors to prevent and treat diseases before patients have symptoms. What is a possible DISADVANTAGE of genetic screening?

DNA testing

Genetic screening can help determine a person's risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and

plasmid

Identify the structure in part 1 of FIgure 9.4.

D

In the restriction map showin in Figure 9.1, which line, or band represents the smallest DNA fragment?

color

On which characteristics does gel electrophoresis NOT separate DNA fragments: polarity, shape, size, or color?

transgenic organisms

Plants that contain recombinant DNA are called

Person 3

Suppose the analysis of DNA shown in Figure 9.3 comes from a mother, a father, and their child. Predict which person's DNA fingerprint in the figure represents the child.

3

Suppose the restriction site for a particular enzyme is: GATC||||CTAG. The enzyme cuts the DNA between the A and the T on the top strand, and between the T and the A on the bottom strand. How many restriction sites for this enzyme are there in the DNA sequence shown in Figure 9.2?

treat some genetic disorders

The goal of gene therapy is to replace defective or missing genes in order to

assess the risk of having or carrying a genetic disorder

The main purpose of genetic screening is to

proteomics

The study of the proteins that result from an organism's genome is called