Honors Cellular Respiration

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

glucose, fats, proteins, and polysaccharides. (All)

When blood glucose levels decrease (as between meals) what reserves will be used first?

glycogen

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to all cells?

glycolysis

Which process does not match the location in skeletal muscle?

glycolysis--mitochondrian.

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks the enzyme aldolase. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. The reason that he can't do this is because:

human cells also undergo glycolysis, so the drug might also poison them.

Which of the following is not one of the stages of cellular respiration?

hydrolysis.

Glucose is converted into glycogen primarily in the:

liver.

Decarboxylations:

occur as part of the citric acid cycle. produce CO2 that is then exhaled via breathing. involve the removal of a carbon dioxide from a substrate. are one type of general reaction that occurs during aerobic respiration.

Substrate level phosphorylation:

occurs during glycolysis.

Aerobic respiration is classified as:

a redox process.

Which process is a transition from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?

acetyl CoA formation.

Catabolic reactions:

are generally exergonic. usually produce ATP. are part of metabolism. may produce monosaccharides from polysaccharides.

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and a few minutes later radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in:

carbon dioxide.

Cell respiration is most accurately described as a ___________________ process.

catabolic

The splitting of molecules into smaller components is referred to as:

catabolism.

Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration occurs during a process known as:

chemiosmosis.

Select the processes that are matched with the incorrect amount of ATP produced by that process per glucose molecule.

citric acid cycle - 4 ATP

In eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the:

cytosol

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of ____ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.

2

Fermentation is essentially glycolysis plus an extra step in which pyruvic acid is reduced to form lactic acid or alcohol and carbon dioxide. This last step:

extracts no ATP from pyruvic acid.

One product of the initial (first) reaction of the Krebs cycle is:

oxaloacetate.

The regenerated molecule in the Krebs cycle is:

oxaloacetic acid.

In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are transferred to:

oxygen in a series of steps.

How would you rid your muscles of the painful lactic acid build-up after strenuous exercise?

participate in light exercise while breathing deeply.

In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules of:

pyruvic acid.

When molecules are broken apart in respiration:

the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is:

to accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

Ubiquinol, or Coenzyme Q:

transfers electrons.

Considering only glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvic acid molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules will be produced from one glucose molecule?

two

Oxidative carboxylation of two pyruvic acids yields:

two acetyl groups + two CO2

In another experiment mice were allowed to breathe oxygen gas laced with radioactive oxygen. In this experiment the radioactive oxygen atoms quickly showed up in:

water.

Select the anaerobic pathway:

fermentation.

During aerobic respiration, oxygen is:

reduced.

NADH and FADH2 are the products of:

reduction reactions.

Lactic acid production in muscle cells is

temporary, and due to oxygen deficiency.

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

the citric acid cycle.

The transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration takes place in a stepwise fashion through a number of intermediates rather than direct transfer. This is because:

the energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP.

In the Krebs cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are metabolized to:

4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP

In glycolysis, glucose receives two phosphate groups from ____________, thus forming fructose-1, 6-biphosphate.

ATP

In glycolysis, fructose-1, 6-biphosphate splits, forming two molecules of:

PGAL.

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:

1 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 CO2.

Which of the following steps in the Krebs cycle directly produces a molecule of ATP?

Succinate --> Fumaric acid