Honors Physio FINAL pt 2
Select the events that occur during the plateau phase of a cardiac contractile action potential and place them in the order in which they occur during that phase. 3, 6, 1, 2, 9, 10, 11 3, 6, 1, 2 5, 4, 7 and 8 9 and 10, 11 3, 6, 5, 4, 7 and 8
5, 4, 7 and 8
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood flows as it moves lower body to the to the left atrium? 1. Pulmonary veins 2. Superior vena cava 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary valve 5. Pulmonary trunk and arteries 6. Inferior vena cava 7. Tricuspid valve 8. Right atrium 9. Lungs 2, 8, 7. 3, 4, 5, 9, 1, but never 6 6, 3, 7, 8, 4, 5, 9, 1, but never 2 1, 9, 5, 4, 3, 7, 8, 6, but never 2 1, 9, 5, 4, 3, 7, 8, 2, but never 6 6, 8, 7, 3, 4, 5, 9, 1, but never 2
6, 8, 7, 3, 4, 5, 9, 1, but never 2
Which of the following hematocrit values indicates that a patient has polycythemia? 25% 62% 47% 42% 37%
62%
Jason has circulating anti-B, but not anti-A, antibodies. Which blood type does he have? B There is not enough information to determine the answer. AB A O
A
A myocardial infarction A) results from an interrupted blood supply to part of the heart. B) causes death of part of the heart. A, B, and C are correct. C) is usually treated with pro-coagulation therapy. A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
A patient is having an asthma attack and can hardly breathe. Which of the following should probably be administered to the patient? Why? A, B and C are correct. C) ACh, to increase bronchoconstriction A) norepinephrine, to relax smooth muscle in the bronchioles and increase airflow A and B are correct. B) antihistamine, to counteract the bronchoconstriction caused by histamine
A and B are correct.
Exhalation (expiration) A and B are correct. A) is usually a passive process. C) starts when the expiratory muscles relax. B) depends upon the elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs. A, B and C are correct.
A and B are correct.
Nolan "caught" a sharply hit baseball with his face and now his nose is broken. Which of the following are external structures that have probably been damaged? C) ethmoid bone and inferior nasal conchae A) maxilla, nasal, frontal bones A and B are correct. A, B and C are correct. B) septal, lateral and alar cartilages
A and B are correct.
The trachea B) is lined with pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium. A) conducts air from the larynx into the bronchi. A and B are correct. C) is usually located posterior to the esophagus. A, B and C are correct.
A and B are correct.
Which of the following are classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders? A) chronic bronchitis A, B and C are correct. A and B are correct. B) emphysema C) pneumonia
A and B are correct.
Which of the following is correctly described? A) nasopharynx: usually receives only air, helps equalize pressure in inner ear B) oropharynx: receives food and air, contains palatine and lingual tonsils A, B and C are correct. C) laryngopharynx: receives only food, lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium A and B are correct.
A and B are correct.
Each of the cardiac valves A and C are correct. A) opens and closes in response to changes in pressure. B) attaches to the ventricular walls via chordae tendinae. All of these are correct. C) ensures one-way blood flow through the heart.
A and C are correct.
It has been one of those mornings for Latisha. First the hot water went off suddenly in the middle of her shower. When she tried to get out of the ice-cold water quickly, she stubbed her toe on the edge of the shower stall, fell and hit her "funny bone" on the toilet. When she checked her blood pressure, it was 150/100 instead of her usual 90/60. What common response did her respiratory system probably have to each of these situations? C) increased inspiration rate. A) decreased respiration rate A or B is correct. B or C is correct. B) brief apnea
A or B is correct.
Place the following in order of the propagation of a cardiac action potential 1. Purkinje fibers 2. SA node 3. right and left bundle branches 4. AV bundle 5. AV node A) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1 B) 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 C) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 D) 2, 4, 3, 1, 4 E) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
A) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ normal number of WBCs ] A) 5000-10,000 /µL B) 150,000-400,000 /µL C) 4.8 million-5.4 million /µL D) 60-70% of all WBCs E) 20-25% of all WBCs
A) 5000-10,000 /µL
Which of the following is correct? A) Adjusting tension on vocal folds and changing rima glottidis shape alters pitch. B) Loudness of sound is controlled by the size of the larynx. C) When intrinsic muscles of the larynx contract, the rima glottidis widens. D) The true vocal cords are the superior folds of the mucous membrane of the larynx. E) If air is directed against the vocal folds, silence results.
A) Adjusting tension on vocal folds and changing rima glottidis shape alters pitch.
Which of the following is NOT correct? A) Chemotaxis refers to the intracellular destruction of pathogens by phagocytic cells. B) Macrophages react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do. C) Emigration, or diapedesis, is the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood vessels. D) WBCs use lysozyme, defensins, and certain anions to destroy pathogens. E) Neutrophils are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection.
A) Chemotaxis refers to the intracellular destruction of pathogens by phagocytic cells.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ portion of hemoglobin molecule that binds O2 ] A) Fe2+ B) ferritin C) globin D) heme E) transferrin
A) Fe2+
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ represents time when atria are depolarizing ] A) P wave B) P-Q interval C) QRS Complex D) S-T segment E) T wave
A) P wave
Which of the following is true of changes in ventilation associated with exercise? A) Pulmonary perfusion increases during exercise. B) Neither duration nor intensity of exercise causes changes in ventilation. C) Neural and chemical changes cause a gradual increase in ventilation with moderate exercise. D) Moderate exercise tends to increase the rate rather than the depth of breathing. E) Physical changes cause the abrupt increase in ventilation at the beginning of exercise.
A) Pulmonary perfusion increases during exercise.
Which of the following is NOT correct? A) RBCs have a spheroidal shape. B) The average life span of an erythrocyte is 120 days. C) Most adults have around 5 million RBCs/µL of blood. D) Mature red blood cells are called erythrocytes. E) The body produces about 2 million erythrocytes per second.
A) RBCs have a spheroidal shape.
All of the following statements about circulation of blood are true EXCEPT: A) The coronary circulation is part of the pulmonary circuit. B) The right side of the heart is the pump for the pulmonary circuit. C) The pulmonary circulation transports blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. D) The first blood vessel in the systemic circuit is the aorta. E) The systemic circulation circuit receives blood from the left ventricle.
A) The coronary circulation is part of the pulmonary circuit.
All of the following are true of the development of the heart EXCEPT: A) The heart is derived from ectoderm and endoderm. B) The septa of the heart develop around the seventh week of development. C) The hole in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart is called the foramen ovale. D) Early in development, the heart consists of a pair of tubes. E) The heart begins to beat at the end of the third week of development.
A) The heart is derived from ectoderm and endoderm.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ transport iron ] A) albumins B) enzymes and hormones C) fibrinogen D) globulin E) immunoglobulins
A) albumins
Heart sounds A) are the results of the cardiac valves closing. B) are best assessed on the posterior thoracic wall. C) may be detected by an ECG. D) are the results of the cardiac valves opening. E) are associated with smoothly flowing blood.
A) are the results of the cardiac valves closing.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ increase capacity of blood atria can hold ] A) auricles B) carneae trabeculae C) fossa ovalis D) pectinate muscles E) septum
A) auricles
Hemoglobin A) binds CO2 to the Fe2+ at the center of it's heme group. B) consists of one alpha and one beta chain of protein. C) constitutes 90% of an erythrocyte's mass. D) has a central protein called heme. E) has an Fe2+ at the center of it's heme group.
A) binds CO2 to the Fe2+ at the center of it's heme group.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ stroke volume X heart rate ] A) cardiac output B) factors regulating stroke volume C) factors regulating heart rate D) negative inotropic agents E) positive inotropic agents
A) cardiac output
The amount of blood contained in a ventricle at the end of atrial systole is the A) end-diastolic volume B) stroke volume C) ejection fraction D) end-systolic volume E) cardiac output
A) end-diastolic volume
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ guards superior opening of larynx ] A) epiglottis B) fauces C) inferior, middle, superior meatuses D) paranasal sinuses E) pharynx
A) epiglottis
Which of the following is NOT associated with aging of the respiratory system? A) increased alveolar macrophage activity B) increased susceptibility to respiratory infection C) decreased vital capacity D) decreased lung compliance E) increased airway resistance
A) increased alveolar macrophage activity
Which of the following is a function of the external nose? A) modifying speech vibrations A and B are correct. A, B and C are correct. C) cooling and drying air entering the respiratory system B) detecting gustatory sensations
A) modifying speech vibrations
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, which of the following actions does NOT occur? A) the intrapleural pressure increases. B) the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. C) air moves into the lungs. D) the intrapulmonic pressure decreases. E) the diaphragm moves inferiorly.
A) the intrapleural pressure increases.
Which of the following does NOT directly factor in the rate of gas exchange? A) volume of a gas available B) solubility of a gas C) difference in the partial pressures of a gas D) size (molecular weight) of a gas E) diffusion distance
A) volume of a gas available
Cardiac output B) is the volume of blood ejected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk each minute. C) is the product of the stroke volume and the heart rate. A) is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute. A, B and C are correct. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
How is CO2 transported in blood? A) as dissolved CO2 A, B and C are correct. C) as bicarbonate ions A and B are correct. B) as carbamino compounds
A, B and C are correct.
The C-shaped rings of the trachea A, B and C are correct. A and B are correct. C) keep the trachea open for passage of air. A) are made of cartilage. B) allow the esophagus to expand slightly into the tracheal space.
A, B and C are correct.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling C) is most associated with pulmonary, not bronchial, blood vessels. A) involves vasoconstriction to redirect blood to well-ventilated areas of the lungs. A, B and C are correct. B) is a response to localized hypoxia. A and B are correct.
A, B and C are correct.
Which of the following may be explained, at least in part, by Henry's law? decompression sickness high altitude sickness hyperbaric oxygenation All of these are correct. nitrogen narcosis
All of these are correct.
The QRS complex of the ECG is associated with A) atrial depolarization D) ventricular repolarization B and C are correct. C) atrial repolarization B) ventricular depolarization
B and C are correct.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ only site where action potentials conduct from atrium to ventricles ] A) AV bundle (Bundle of His) B) AV node C) left and right bundle branches D) Purkinje fibers E) SA node
B) AV node
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ produces cells that will fragment to become platelets ] A) CFU-E B) CFU-Meg C) CFU-GM D) lymphoid stem cells E) pluripotent stem cell
B) CFU-Meg
Which of the following is NOT correct? A) The left lung has 2 lobes, but the right lung has 3 lobes. B) The visceral pleura adheres directly to the chest wall. C) The apex of the lung can be palpated posterior and superior to the clavicle. D) A segment of lung supplied by a given tertiary bronchus is a bronchopulmonary segment. E) The lungs do not completely fill the pleurae at their bases.
B) The visceral pleura adheres directly to the chest wall.
The autorhythmic cells of the heart A) constitute approximately 90% of the cardiac myofibers. B) depolarize to threshold spontaneously. C) are found in the fibrous skeleton of the heart. D) depolarize more slowly than other cardiac myofibers. E) depolarize only in response to neurotransmitters or hormones.
B) depolarize to threshold spontaneously.
When running 100 m, which part of the brain stem stimulates the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles to contract causing forceful exhalation? C) pneumotaxic area of the pons B) expiratory area of the medulla oblongata A) inspiratory area of the medulla oblongata D) apneustic area of the pons B and D are correct.
B) expiratory area of the medulla oblongata
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ preload, contractility, afterload ] A) cardiac output B) factors regulating stroke volume C) factors regulating heart rate D) negative inotropic agents E) positive inotropic agents
B) factors regulating stroke volume
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ portion of hemoglobin molecule that ultimately gives urine and feces their colors ] A) Fe2+ B) ferritin C) globin D) heme E) transferrin
B) ferritin
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ loss of large quantity of blood ] A) coagulation B) hemorrhage C) platelet plug formation D) serum E) vascular spasm
B) hemorrhage
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ plasma minus clotting proteins ] A) coagulation B) hemorrhage C) platelet plug formation D) serum E) vascular spasm
B) hemorrhage
Which of the following will increase O2 dissociation from hemoglobin? A) decreased BPG concentration B) increased BPG concentration C) decreased H+ concentration D) equivalent levels of PO2 on both sides of exchange surface E) decreased temperature
B) increased BPG concentration
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ destination of blood in lungs ] A) aorta B) left atrium C) lungs D) right atrium E) right ventricle
B) left atrium
Each of the following is part of the respiratory membrane EXCEPT the: A) alveolar wall B) lymphatic vessel basement membrane C) capillary basement membrane D) capillary endothelial cells E) epithelial basement membrane of the alveolar wall
B) lymphatic vessel basement membrane
Which of the following does not arise from a myeloid stem cell? A) eosinophil B) lymphocyte C) monocyte D) platelet E) red blood cell
B) lymphocyte
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ carries air to a lung ] A) bronchiole B) primary bronchus C) secondary bronchus D) tertiary bronchus E) terminal bronchiole
B) primary bronchus
Which of the following is NOT function of blood? A) regulates pH B) promote blood loss C) transports nutrients, wastes and gases D) defends against infection E) distribute heat
B) promote blood loss
Which of the following is NOT correctly described? A) minimal volume: amount of air trapped in lungs even when intrapleural pressure = 760 mmHg B) residual volume: amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing C) inspiratory reserve volume: amount of additional air, beyond tidal volume, that can be inhaled D) fFEV1.0: amount of air forcefully exhaled in 1 sec following a maximal inhalation E) expiratory reserve volume: amount of additional air, beyond tidal volume, that can be exhaled
B) residual volume: amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing
Blood in the coronary sinus will drain into the A) left ventricle B) right atrium C) left atrium D) aorta E) right ventricle
B) right atrium
Which muscles assist in inhalation when running up the stairs? A) rectus abdominis, pectoralis major, internal intercostals B) sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, scalenes C) sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, scalenes D) rectus abdominis, pectoralis major, scalenes E) sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, internal intercostals
B) sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, scalenes
The ABO blood group is based on the presence of A) type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of leukocytes. B) type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of erythrocytes. C) type A and type B glycoproteins on the surfaces of nucleated cells. D) type A and type B glycolipids circulating in the plasma. E) type A and type B glycoproteins circulating in the plasma.
B) type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of erythrocytes.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ RBCs display antigens A and B ] A) type A B) type AB C) type B D) type O
B) type AB
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ normal number of RBCs ] A) 5000-10,000 /µL B) 150,000-400,000 /µL C) 4.8 million-5.4 million /µL D) 60-70% of all WBCs E) 20-25% of all WBCs
C) 4.8 million-5.4 million /µL
A patient has an EDV of 90 mL and an ESV of 40 mL with a heart rate of 50. What is this patient's cardiac output? A) 6500 mL/min or 6.5 L/min B) 2000 mL/min or 2.0 L/min C) 2500 mL/min or 2.5 L/min D) 180 mL/min or 0.18 L/min E) 4500 mL/min or 4.5 L/min
C) 2500 mL/min or 2.5 L/min
What is the relationship between exercise and the heart? A) Regular exercise causes loss of cardiac muscle tissue. B) During strenuous activity, a sedentary person's cardiac output is greater than an athlete's. C) A person's cardiovascular fitness can be improved with regular exercise. D) Aerobic exercise decreases cardiac output and should be limited to twice a week. E) A healthy person's cardiovascular fitness declines after several weeks of training.
C) A person's cardiovascular fitness can be improved with regular exercise.
Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Some monocytes become wandering macrophages, patrolling the body. B) All macrophages arise from monocytes. C) All leukocytes are lymphocytes. D) All lymphocytes have large nuclei. E) Some monocytes become fixed macrophages, remaining in one tissue.
C) All leukocytes are lymphocytes.
Hemostasis A) must be rapid, localized and carefully controlled. B) is a sequence of events that prevents the loss of blood from blood vessels. C) All of the above are correct. D) involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and coagulation. E) can prevent hemorrhage if the damaged blood vessels are small.
C) All of the above are correct.
Which of the following describe the relaxation period of the cardiac cycle? A) It is a time when the AV valves are closed. B) It is the time when the ventricles receive most of the blood from the aorta. C) It is a time that becomes shorter as the heart rate increases. D) It is a time when the atria are contracted. E) It is a time when the SL valves are open.
C) It is a time that becomes shorter as the heart rate increases.
Which of the following does NOT correctly describe a mechanism that prevents excessive blood clotting? A) Activated protein C enhances activities of plasminogen activators. B) Antithrombin blocks the actions of vactors XII, X and II. C) Presence of vitamin K blocks platelet adhesion and release. D) Dilution and removal of coagulation factors by blood flow. E) Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin dissolves fibrin.
C) Presence of vitamin K blocks platelet adhesion and release.
The respiratory system C) begins development about four weeks after conception. A, B and C are correct. B) smooth muscles and cartilages develop from endoderm. A) develops largely from ectoderm. A and B are correct.
C) begins development about four weeks after conception.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ help papillary muscles hold AV valves shut while ventricles contract ] A) aortic semilunar valve B) bicuspid valve C) chordae tendinae D) pulmonary SL valve E) tricuspid valve
C) chordae tendinae
Which laryngeal cartilage is correctly described? A) cuneiform cartilage: single cartilage, forms prominence commonly called Adam's apple B) thyroid cartilage: single rectangular cartilage on posterior of larynx C) epiglottis: single cartilage, blocks food and liquid from entering the larynx D) cricoid cartilage: single cartilage, superior to epiglottis E) artenyoid cartilage: part of pair, important in voice production
C) epiglottis: single cartilage, blocks food and liquid from entering the larynx
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ clotting protein ] A) albumins B) enzymes and hormones C) fibrinogen D) globulin E) immunoglobulins
C) fibrinogen
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL ] A) expiratory capacity B) functional residual capacity C) inspiratory capacity D) total lung capacity E) vital capacity
C) inspiratory capacity
External respiration A) is also called systemic gas exchange. C) is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood. A, B and C are correct. A and B are correct. B) moves CO2 into the blood and O2 out of the blood.
C) is the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood.
During the cardiac cycle, there is an interval during which cardiac fibers are contracting but not shortening. The intraventricular pressure increases, but the ventricular volume remains the same. What is this interval called? A) atrial diastole B) ventricular diastole C) isovolumetric contraction D) atrial systole E) isovolumetric relaxation
C) isovolumetric contraction
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ include B cells, T cells, and NK cells ] A) basophils B) eosinophils C) lymphocytes D) monocytes E) neutrophils
C) lymphocytes
Which portion of the pharynx communicates with the internal nares and Eustachian tubes? B) oropharynx C) nasopharynx A) laryngopharynx A and B are correct. A, B and C are correct.
C) nasopharynx
Erythropoiesis A) increases in response to elevated levels of O2. B) requires amino acids, vitamin B6, and iron ions. C) normally keeps pace with RBC destruction. D) increases in response to depressed levels of EPO. E) occurs more slowly at higher altitudes.
C) normally keeps pace with RBC destruction.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ RBCs display only antigen B ] A) type A B) type AB C) type B D) type O
C) type B
Odella has a tidal volume of 520 mL with an anatomical dead space of 120 mL. If she is to maintain an alveolar ventilation rate of 4000 mL/min, what must her respiration rate be? A) 5-6 breaths per minute B) The respiration rate cannot be determined from this information. C) 7- 8 breaths per minute D) 10 breaths per minute E) 33 breaths per minute
D) 10 breaths per minute
Which of the following classifications of respiratory structures is correctly described? A) functional, Respiratory portion: tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs B) structural, lower respiratory system: larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C) structural, upper respiratory system: nose, pharynx and associated structures D) All of these are correct. E) functional, conducting portion: interconnecting cavities and tubes outside and within the lungs
D) All of these are correct.
Which of the following does an electrocardiogram detect? A) disturbances of the conduction pathway of the heart. B) cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) C) ischemic coronary blood vessels D) All of these may be detected by an ECG. E) damage to certain regions of the heart
D) All of these may be detected by an ECG.
Deandray has circulating anti-A, anti-B and anti-D antibodies. Which of the following blood types may safely receive blood from him? A) None of these types may safely receive blood from him. B) A positive C) B negative D) All of these types may safely receive blood from him. E) O negative
D) All of these types may safely receive blood from him.
Which of the following statements is true of heart rate? A) Athlete's typically have faster heart rates than sedentary individuals. B) Newborns typically have heart rates of 50 beats/minute or less. C) Men typically have slightly faster heart rates than women. D) Regular exercise tends to reduce resting heart rate in both males and females. E) Hyperthermia decreases heart rate.
D) Regular exercise tends to reduce resting heart rate in both males and females.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ represents time when ventricular contractile fibers depolarized during plateau of action potential ] A) P wave B) P-Q interval C) QRS Complex D) S-T segment E) T wave
D) S-T segment
The primary pacemaker of the heart is the A) Purkinje fiber B) left bundle branch C) AV bundle (bundle of His) D) SA node E) right bundle branch
D) SA node
A patient has pulmonary edema but not peripheral edema. Which of the following is probably true of the patient's heart? A) The patient's right ventricle is failing. B) The patient's heart is working normally. C) The patient's left atrium is failing. D) The patient's right atrium is failing. E) The patient's left ventricle is failing.
D) The patient's right atrium is failing.
As the diameters of the respiratory passages decrease, which of the following is observed? A) More goblet cells are observed in the epithelial lining. B) All of these are correct. C) The amount of cartilage in the walls of the passages increases. D) The walls of the passages become more muscular. E) Simple cuboidal epithelial linings are replaced by pseudostratified squamous epithelia.
D) The walls of the passages become more muscular.
Which of the following is normally observed on the external surface of the heart? A) a shallow groove called the anterior interventricular sulcus on the anterior surface marking the boundary between the right and left ventricles B) a right ventricle which is much larger the left ventricle C) a shallow coronary sulcus that encircles most of the heart marking the boundary between the inferior atria and superior ventricles D) a series of sulci that contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat E) an auricle on the anterior surface of each ventricle
D) a series of sulci that contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ dissolves blood clot ] A) clot retraction B) common pathway C) extrinsic pathway D) fibrinolysis E) intrinsic pathway
D) fibrinolysis
Chemoreceptors A) in the aortic and carotid bodies detect only changes in O2 concentrations in blood. B) responding to high concentrations of H+ and CO2 inhibit the inspiratory area. C) responding to low concentrations of O2 inhibit the pneumotaxic area. D) in the medulla oblongata detect changes in H+ and CO2 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. E) of the peripheral nervous system send sensory impulses to the brain stem via cranial nerve XI.
D) in the medulla oblongata detect changes in H+ and CO2 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.
A single cardiac cycle A) refers only to ventricular events. B) lasts 8 sec when the heart rate is 75 beats/minute. occurs independently of electrical activity in the heart. C) forces blood from areas of lower pressure to areas of higher pressure. D) includes all of the events associated with one heart beat.
D) includes all of the events associated with one heart beat.
Which event occurs during ventricular systole? A) ventricular pressure drops B) filling of the atria C) opening of the AV valves D) isovolumetric contraction E) depolarization of the SA node
D) isovolumetric contraction
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ cavity containing the heart ] A) endocardium B) epicardium C) fibrous pericardium D) mediastinum E) myocardium
D) mediastinum
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ sets basic rhythm of breathing ] A) cerebral cortex B) hypothalamus C) limbic system D) medulla oblongata E) pons
D) medulla oblongata
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ provides voluntary control of breathing ] A) cerebral cortex B) hypothalamus C) limbic system D) medulla oblongata E) pons
D) medulla oblongata (maybe)
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ numbers increase in viral and fungal infections; become large phagocytic cells once they leave the blood vessels ] A) basophils B) eosinophils C) lymphocytes D) monocytes E) neutrophils
D) monocytes
Which of the following are normally observed in the right atrium after birth? A) openings from the pulmonary veins B) pectinate muscles on the posterior wall C) a semilunar valve leading into the right ventricle D) openings from the coronary sinus, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava E) a foramen on the medial surface leading into the left atrium
D) openings from the coronary sinus, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ resonate sound; not part of pharynx ] A) epiglottis B) fauces C) inferior, middle, superior meatuses D) paranasal sinuses E) pharynx
D) paranasal sinuses
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ found in atria, help push blood into ventricles ] A) auricles B) carneae trabeculae C) fossa ovalis D) pectinate muscles E) septum
D) pectinate muscles
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ serves as sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air inferiorly ] A) bronchi B) larynx C) nose D) pharynx E) trachea
D) pharynx
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ separate the lungs from each other and from the mediastinum ] A) alveoli B) alveolar macrophages C) hilus D) pleural membranes E) surfactant
D) pleural membranes
Leukemia A) produces greater resistance to infectious disease. B) is a cancer of the yellow bone marrow. C) is usually observed in a chronic form in children. D) produces large numbers of abnormal leukocytes. E) is always caused by environmental rather than genetic factors.
D) produces large numbers of abnormal leukocytes.
Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with bone marrow transplantation? A) required anti-rejection medications may damage the kidneys or liver B) lymphocytes from the donated marrow may attack the recepient's tissues C) surviving recipient lymphcytes may attacked the donated marrow D) reduced risk of infection in the two weeks immediately following the procedure E) required anti-rejection medications increase risk of infection
D) reduced risk of infection in the two weeks immediately following the procedure
Three year old Juanita has a rare form of leukemia. The doctors have recommended, and her family has agreed, that her best chance of survival is to destroy her bone marrow and then replace it with stem cells from a donor. Which of the following sources of stem cells would probably be best? A) bone marrow from the iliac crest of her mother's friend B) stored cord-blood of her own C) bone marrow from the iliac crest of her older half-brother D) stored cord-blood from her baby sister E) bone marrow from the iliac crest of her mother
D) stored cord-blood from her baby sister
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ RBCs display neither antigen A or B ] A) type A B) type AB C) type B D) type O
D) type O
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ normal percentage of lymphocytes ] A) 5000-10,000 /µL B) 150,000-400,000 /µL C) 4.8 million-5.4 million /µL D) 60-70% of all WBCs E) 20-25% of all WBCs
E) 20-25% of all WBCs
The larynx A) lies anterior to the esophagus. B) connects the pharynx to the trachea. C) normally receives only air. D) is the primary site of voice production. E) All of these are correct.
E) All of these are correct.
All of the following are true of the cardiac conduction system EXCEPT A) Ach release by the parasympathetic division of the ANS decreases SA node depolarization. B) Ectopic pacemakers may be stimulated by caffeine or nicotine. C) The AV node can take over the pacemaking task if the SA node is damaged. D) The pacemaking ability of the AV bundle alone is not sufficient to maintain homeostasis. E) Autonomic nervous system impulses establish the fundamental rhythm of the heart.
E) Autonomic nervous system impulses establish the fundamental rhythm of the heart.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ states that amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility coefficient ] A) Bohr effect B) Chloride shift C) Dalton's law D) Haldane effect E) Henry's law
E) Henry's law
Which of the following is correct? A) All of newborn's bone marrow is yellow marrow. B) Most formed elements survive for years. C) Blood cells are formed in the adult liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. D) Red marrow can be converted to yellow marrow if the body needs to make more blood cells. E) Pluripotent cells become myeloid stem cells or lymphoid stem cells.
E) Pluripotent cells become myeloid stem cells or lymphoid stem cells.
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ represents time when ventricles are repolarizing ] A) P wave B) P-Q interval C) QRS Complex D) S-T segment E) T wave
E) T wave
Which of the following is correct? A) The Cl- shift occurs when CO2 binds to Hb. B) All of these are correct. C) Hb-O2 binds and transports less CO2 than Hb does. D) Hb-O2 buffers more H+ than Hb does. E) The amount of CO2 that can be transported in blood is affected by the amount of Hb-O2.
E) The amount of CO2 that can be transported in blood is affected by the amount of Hb-O2.
Which of the following is true of the left ventricle? A) The left and right ventricles contract asynchronously. B) The left ventricle pumps blood a shorter distance than the right ventricle. C) The left ventricle pumps blood against less resistance than the right ventricle. D) The left ventricle has a thinner wall than the right ventricle. E) The left ventricle has a lumen with a circular perimeter.
E) The left ventricle has a lumen with a circular perimeter.
A patient's ECG contains a prolonged P-Q interval, but is otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following is true of this patient's condition? A) The patient probably has hyperkalemia. B) The patient probably has ventricular hypertrophy. C) The patient probably has atrial atrophy. D) The patient is having an acute myocardial infarction. E) The patient may have coronary artery disease.
E) The patient may have coronary artery disease.
A medical technology student is learning to count blood cells the low-tech way: using a microscope and a special slide called a hemocytometer. She has just found a round, darkly-stained white blood cell that contains large granules. She cannot see the cell's nucleus. The student is probably looking at a A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil
E) basophil
How is the basic rhythm of quiet respiration set? A) by the expiratory area of the medulla oblongata B) by the pneumotaxic area of the pons C) by pacemaker cells in the diaphragm D) by the apneustic area of the pons E) by the inspiratory area of the medulla oblongata
E) by the inspiratory area of the medulla oblongata
The heart wall A) is composed of five layers of voluntary muscle arranged in diagonal, swirling bands. B) has an inner layer called the epicardium, which is fused with the fibrous layer of the pericardium. C) All of these are correct. D) includes the endocardium, or outermost layer, which is contiguous with the serous pericardium. E) consists largely of a middle layer of muscular tissue called the myocardium which performs the pumping action of the heart.
E) consists largely of a middle layer of muscular tissue called the myocardium which performs the pumping action of the heart.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ antibodies ] A) albumins B) enzymes and hormones C) fibrinogen D) globulin E) immunoglobulins
E) immunoglobulins
The heart A) lies anterior to the sternum. B) lies lateral to the lungs. C) lies just inferior to the diaphragm. D) all of these are correct E) lies within the mediastinum
E) lies within the mediastinum
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ middle of the heart wall, muscle layer ] A) endocardium B) epicardium C) fibrous pericardium D) mediastinum E) myocardium
E) myocardium
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ numbers increase greatly during bacterial infections, burns and inflammations ] A) basophils B) eosinophils C) lymphocytes D) monocytes E) neutrophils
E) neutrophils
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ cell type listed that gives rise to all other blood cells ] A) CFU-E B) CFU-Meg C) CFU-GM D) lymphoid stem cells E) pluripotent stem cell
E) pluripotent stem cell
All of the following are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) EXCEPT A) hyperlipidemia B) obesity C) type "A" personality D) smoking E) regular aerobic exercise
E) regular aerobic exercise
Choose the answer right that best matches the description or term. [ destination of blood in right atrium ] A) aorta B) left atrium C) lungs D) right atrium E) right ventricle
E) right ventricle
Why doesn't a significant amount of blood flow back into the vena cavae and coronary sinus during atrial contraction? A) the bicuspid valve blocks the venous openings B) the tricuspid valve blocks the venous openings C) the semilunar valves block the venous openings D) the venous valves block the venous openings E) the contraction of the atria compresses and closes the venous openings
E) the contraction of the atria compresses and closes the venous openings
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that A) the greater the preload on cardiac muscle fibers, the weaker the force of contraction will be. B) a healthy heart will pump out all the blood that entered during the previous diastole. C) that increased filling time will decrease the force of contraction by the ventricles. D) the right and left ventricles must pump equal amounts of blood with each heart beat. E) the greater the preload on cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction will be.
E) the greater the preload on cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction will be.
Blood groups are based on A) the presence of inherited circulating antibodies. B) the presence of induced circulating antibodies. C) All of these are correct. D) the presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of leukocytes and other nucleated cells. E) the presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes.
E) the presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ transporter that carries Fe3+ to red bone marrow ] A) Fe2+ B) ferritin C) globin D) heme E) transferrin
E) transferrin
Hemoglobin A) abnormalities seldom affect RBC shape or durability. B) A1c levels can be used to monitor the blood Na+ levels. C) has no effect on blood pressure and blood distribution. D) contributes the no color to erythrocytes. E) transports most of the O2 and about 7% of the CO2 between the tissues and the lungs.
E) transports most of the O2 and about 7% of the CO2 between the tissues and the lungs.
Choose the answer that best matches the description or term. [ tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + minute volume, usually about 6000 mL ] A) expiratory capacity B) functional residual capacity C) inspiratory capacity D) total lung capacity E) vital capacity
E) vital capacity
What is the most important factor in determining whether O2 dissociates from or binds to hemoglobin? pH PCO2 body temperature BPG concentration PO2
PO2
The primary bronchi carry air toward each lung. are more muscular than cartilaginous. are lined with stratified squamous epithelium. are branches arising from the trachea near the level of vertebra C5. All of these are correct.
carry air toward each lung.
Which of the following is an inherited disease of the respiratory system? coryza pneumonia tuberculosis cystic fibrosis SARS
cystic fibrosis
Pulmonary edema maybe characterized by each of the following EXCEPT: wheezing painful respirations decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs pallor rapid respirations
decreased fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs
Which of the following is NOT normally found inside platelets? serotonin fibrinogen ADP platelet-derived growth factor thromboxane A2
fibrinogen
Each of the following is a constituent of plasma EXCEPT water proteins nutrients formed elements gases
formed elements
Which of the following is NOT associated with hemophilia? inherited deficiency of blood clotting A) more prevalent in males B) simultaneous, unregulated blood clotting and hemorrhage throughout the body C) treatment with plasma, DDAVP, or clotting factors D) spontaneous hemorrhages
inherited deficiency of blood clotting
Blood passing through the bicuspid valve will enter the right ventricle left atrium aorta right atrium left ventricle
left ventricle
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the respiratory system? nose trachea mouth larynx throat
mouth
The airways that directly carry air to each lobe of a lung are the bronchioles primary bronchi tertiary bronchi secondary bronchi terminal bronchioles
secondary bronchi
Which of type of anemia is inherited? aplastic anemia hemorrhagic anemia sickle cell anemia megaloblastic anemia pernicious anemia
sickle cell anemia