Honors U. S. History

What happened in the Barbary Wars?

pirates captured 13 US ships and held 100+ sailors as slaves; in 1804 US wins at Tripoli Harbor; treaty guaranteed freedom of American commerce but Tripoli still harassed ships

What are concurrent powers?

powers shared by the federal and state governments

Give 4 reasons for Federalist victory

1. Influential supporters 2. Had federalist Papers that spread federalist ideas 3. Effectively organized and 4. more qualified and intelligent voters

What happened during the Whiskey Rebellion? Of what was its significance?

Farmers had extra corn which they used to make whiskey and would use as a currency. The gov started to tax whisky and they rebelled. *******

What happen during the Hartford Convention? What was the result?

Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done. The Hartford Convention resulted in a declaration calling on the Federal Government to protect New England and to supply financial aid to New England's badly battered trade economy.

How did the 2BUS help create the Panic of 1819?

First major financial crisis to hit US lasts 4-5 years. 2bUS shoulders much blame. Gov offered western land for sale at a low cost

Who was Citizen Genet and of what significance was his visit to America?

Former ambassador of France to the US. Forced US to formulate a consistent policy on the issue of neutrality

What is the job of the Legislative Branch?

They make the laws

Of what significance were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

They stated that Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional. They declared that states had the rights to declare laws passed by congress to be unconstitutional.

Who were Midnight Judges?

They were 58 judges appointed by Adams on the night before he left office.

What were the terms of the Great Compromise?

- Created bicameral Legislature - House of Representatives - representatives based on state population - Senate - each state had 2 reps. (equal) - 3/5 compromise where slaves count as 3/5 of a person for voting

What was the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

10 amendments to protect civil rights inferred with new Constitution that reassured rights for smaller states

When was the Treaty of Ghent signed? What were its major terms?

12/24/1814 agreement in Belgium between Great Britain and the United States to end the War of 1812 on the general basis of the status quo antebellum (maintaining the prewar conditions).

Of what importance are Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

1785- any lands west of the appalachians are to be sold 1187- estabilshed a government in th northwestern territory

What time period was the "Era of Good Feelings?" Why is it called that?

After the War of 1812 - marks a period in the US that reflects a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity

Of what significance was the Battle of New Orleans?

America's victory boosted American pride and the Star Spangled Banner was created.

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create?

An act to establish the judicial courts of the US, headed by Supreme CRT

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

Anti-Federalists wanted states' rights, bill of rights, unanimous consent, reference to religion, more power to less-rich and common people; Federalists wanted strong central government, more power to experienced, separation of church and state, stated that national government would protect individual rights

What were the terms of the Jay Treaty

Britain had to pay for the damages of American ships and give up their forts and America would pay old merchant debts. Negotiated with British foreign secretary William Wyndham Grenville. Favored Englands economic and military power

List the major terms of Hamilton's Plan

Called for the gov to repay both federal and state debts of Revolutionary War

What was "Clinton's Folly?"

Clinton built Ere canal to connect east to west. Loan paid off and NYC becomes major city of America. South became isolated.

List the major goal of "The American System?" How would it accomplish that?

Developing transportation systems, establishing a tariff, reassuring a bank. These improvements to the nation's infrastructure would facilitate trade and increase accessibility to markets. Revenue - Money would be raised by selling public land and imposing tariffs.

What happened in the XYZ affair?

Diplomatic incident from President John Adams sending 3 diplomates to France to restore peace. France requested a large bribe and that caused an uproar in theUS Land Ordinance of 1785that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

What was the Essex Junto and how was it foiled?

ESSEX JUNTO is a term coined by President John Adams in the late eighteenth century for a group of Federalists he deemed his adversaries. Jeffersonians then used the term to refer to Federalist opponents they believed to be advocating secession for New England during the War of 1812.

Describe the process of ratification of the new Constitution.

Each state gov must ratify with a 9 out of 13 vote. The larger the state the long it took to ratify.

What issues affected the Election of 1824? How was it resolved?

Electoral vote was split based on sectionalism. House determines winner. Clay withdrawals. Adams wins and appoints Clay as Sec of State. Adams is unpopular. Dem and Rep split.

Describe the America that President Thomas Jefferson wished to create. List some of his accomplishments.

In his 1805 Inaugural address, Jefferson celebrated the expansion of the country as a means of preserving and protecting the American Nation. Thomas Jefferson hoped that he would be remembered for three accomplishments: his founding of the University of Virginia, his crafting of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, and his authorship of the Declaration of Independence.

What happened in the Election of 1800 and why is it often called the "Revolution of 1800?"

In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President. The Revolution of 1800," as Jefferson described his party's successful election many years later, was "as real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form."

How did America come into possession of the Louisiana territory?

In this transaction with France, signed on April 30, 1803, the United States purchased 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. For roughly 4 cents an acre, the United States doubled its size, expanding the nation westward.

How did President Jefferson respond to the British and French harassment of American trade? What was the result?

Jefferson's solution to the problems with Great Britain and France was to deny both countries American goods. In December 1807, Congress passed the Embargo Act, which stopped exports and prohibited the departure of merchant ships for foreign ports.

How did the framers of the U.S. Constitution set up a system of checks and balances in the government?

Legislative makes laws but Pres can veto and Court can declare unconstitutional Executive enforces laws but legislative can override veto with enough voted, can impeach, approve nominations, judicial can declare executive orders unconstitutional Judicial brand interprets laws but Près nominates SC justices and appeal and district judges, Congress can impeach judges and remove them from office

What did the Treaty Line 1818 accomplish?

Let US border with Canada at 49th paralell from Minnesota to Rockies

What happened in the Quasi - war ?

Limited naval war against French privateers who were seizing US shipping in the Caribbean. It was the first seaborne conflict for the new US Navy.

Why was Missouri's application to join the union controversial? How was it settled?

MO petitioned to be. A slave state upsetting balance in Senate. H Clay works a compromise. Maine enters as free and MO enters as slave

What 2 pieces of advice did Pres . Washington give in his farewell address ?

Maintain neutrality Avoid political parties

Discuss the issues and ruling in Marbury v Madison

Marbury v. Madison established the principle of "judicial review" the the supreme court has the power to declare acts of congress unconstitutional. The power of a court to determine the constitutionality of the laws of government or the acts of a government official.

How did Chief Justice John Marshall establish judicial nationalism?

Marshall determines established US Constitution as supreme law

What happened during Daniel Shay's Rebellion? What was its significance?

Massachussets taxes citizns eavily, they cant be paid with power, people end up refusing direct governemnt interference in their lives, federal governemnt can help because they are not powerful enough, rebellion defeated, but highlights problems of the new governement

Characterize the delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787.

Most were nationalists and well educated. the meeting was called to reverse the Constitution and several members were absent due to the fact that they did not what changes to the Constitution

Describe the sectionalism that developed in America as a result of industrialization

North manufacturing center - no slaves. NWest farming center - no slaves as crops are not labor intensive but food producing. south lots of slave, labor intensive for cotton,

Why did the United States build its capital where it did?

Offered to carve out a piece of land from VA and offered to make it in the south and the south accepted because the land that they would loose would give them reaterinfluence

Who were the Nationalists?

People who beleived the governement was too weak, dont trust ignorant masses, wanted new constitution

What were the terms of the Pinckney Treaty

Pinckney successfully negotiated a ready for the free navigation of the Mississippi in late 1795 that the senate ratified in 1796

What are reserved powers?

Powers given to the state governments

What are enumerated powers?

Powers of the federal government that are specifically stated in the constitution

What Americans typically did not support the Articles?

Propertied class, richer people

List the pros and cons of the Articles of Confederation

Pros- defeated british, unites states, not intrusive or oo powerful Cons- voting process not sensitve to states with larger populations, amendemnts must be unanimous votes, congress can only request money, no control of international trade and no international respect.

Why was the Tariff of 1789 controversial?

Raised taxes on foreign goods

What Americans typically supported the Articles?

Small farmers, cityworkers

What powers did the President as a result of Alien and Sedition Acts? Why were they controversial?

The Alien Enemies Act, which Adams signed on July 6, gave him the power to deport any alien living in the U.S. with ties to U.S. wartime enemies. Finally, the Sedition Act, passed on July 14, gave Adams tremendous power to define treasonable activity including any false, scandalous and malicious writing.

What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 accomplish?

The Judiciary Act of 1801 expanded federal jurisdiction, eliminated Supreme Court justices' circuit court duties, and created 16 federal circuit court judgeships.

Where was America most successful in the War of 1812? Least successful?

The only considerable American successes occurred in September, with Oliver Hazard Perry winning a major naval battle on Lake Erie, and in October when the Tecumseh's Confederacy of northwestern Native American tribes was crushed at the Battle of the Thames. Lost 15,000 lives

What is the job of the Judicial Branch?

To interpret or explain the laws

Describe how the U.S. came to purchase Florida from Spain

US is upset that FL is holding escaped slaves. natives continue to raid US settlements and then retreat. John Adams attacks Spain. US blames them for not controlling the border. Spain sells to US for $5M

What did the Rush -Bagot Treaty accomplish?

Unfortified US border with Canada

List the major cases of the War of 1812

United States had many reasons for going to war in 1812: Britain's interference with its trade and impressment of its seamen; Americans' desire to expand settlement into Indian, British, and Spanish territories; aspirations to conquer Canada and end British influence in North America; and upholding the nation's sovereignty

Who were the major members of Pres. George Washington's Cabinet

VP John Adams Sec of State Thomas Jefferson Sec of Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Oliver Walcott Sec of War henry Knox, Timoth Pickering, James McHenry Chief Justice John Jay

Compare and contrast: Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan

Virginia Plan favors states with larger pops (bicamerl legislature -legislator picks executive and judicial officers) NJ Plan favors states with smaller pops (unicameral legislature ) Legilator picks executive -> picks judicial

Why did President Washington push for Congress to pass the Neutrality Act?

Washington felt that the United States was not prepared to enter another war and that it was important for the country to insist on its own national identity.

Of what significance was the Monroe Doctrine?

Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization. US would not interfere with European affairs.

What is the job of the Executive Branch?

carry out and enforce laws

Who were the "War Hawks?"

members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain beginning in 1810

Who were Tecumseh and The Prophet?

tecumsuh: Shawnee chief; formed alliances with other indian tribes in order to prevent America from expanding their territory further. attempts failed/ the prophet: tecumsehs brother. fought in battle of Tippecanoe and failed miserably, Indians massacred FOUGHT AGAINST WILLIAM HENRY HARRSION

Why did the U.S. fight the Battle of Tippecanoe?

the Battle of Tippecanoe further fueled the tensions between Britain and the United States as many Americans blamed the British for inciting the tribes to violence. These tensions came to a head in June 1812 with the outbreak of the War of 1812.

How does the Electoral College work?

the popular vote determines which way each state votes; whatever the majority is in a particular state, all of their electoral votes go towards that candidate; whichever candidate gets the most electoral votes wins the election