Honors World History CH. 18

Some examples of intolerence at the end of the 17th century include

the expulsion of students from Oxford University for unorthodox ideas, imprisonment of heretics in the Dutch Republic, expulsion of the entire Protestant population of France and forcible baptism of Jewish children in the Papal cities

Where was the center of the Enlightenment?

Paris

Who of the following would likely be rejected from a list of Enlightenment philosophies?

Thomas Hobbes

Thoms Hobbes appealed to Enlightenment thinkers by his

concept of a state of nature superseded by a social contract, belief that self-interest is a valid reason for political activity, refusal to use God as a justification for absolutism and idea that all political powers rests on a contract among the governed

Kant insisted that

each individual should reason independently

The scientific societies that flourished throughout Europe

had their members perform experiments listen to scientific papers, and collect samples of rarities, permitted any inquisitive man to dabble in science or try to become a scientist, inspired groups specifically interested in the application of scientific knowledge and developed in various forms, often competing among themselves

The author states that most leaders of the Enlightenment sought to

impose an ordered freedom on social and political institutions

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom

In relation to religion, philosophies

often argued that Church doctrines were illogical and irrelevant, launched the first attack on Christianity conducted by the educated, condemned religious fanaticism that has led to so much bloodshed and criticized the Church's other worldliness for acting as a barrier to social improvement and justice

Locke's theory of education

quested the Christian belief in a sinful human nature, indicated that nurture is more important than nature, held that a person must test knowledge with his own sense experience and assumed all knowledge ultimately comes from the senses

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all

rejected divine right monarchy, were major political theorists of the Enlightenment, use ideas from Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes and sought methods to limit the power of the king

The enlightenment was an intellectual movement that...

was inspired by the Scientific Revolution, reacted against "monarchical and clerical absolutism", benefited from a new freedom of printing in some countries and has been characterized as the Age of Reason