HORT 2050 Picha - Tree Fruit and Nut Crops

Apples

#1 fruit crop produced in the US - numerous cultivatars - no commercial production in Louisiana - harvest begins in July and continues till November - apple fruit is amenable to long term storage = up to 1 yr under controlled atmosphere storage - intense international competition = china dominates world apple juice market

low chill apple varieties for Louisiana

- Anna - Dorsett Golden - Ein Shemer

Leading tree fruit and nut crop producing states

- California - Florida - Washington - Michigan - New York

leading peach producing states

- California (central valley) = 50% of US fresh market peach harvest volume = 95% of processed peach harvest volume - south Carolina - Georgia - New Jersey

Leading US tree fruit producing states

- California dominates US tree fruit production = largest producer of oranges, lemons, peaches, nectarines, plums, olives, dates = a major producer of a variety of other non- citrus fruit like apples, pears, and sweet cherries = California's arid climate gives it a comparative advantage over other fruit producing states - Florida is second accounting for about one-fifth of total US fruit production = primary tree fruit crop is citrus - Washington is third with about one tenth of US fruit production = largest producer of apples and sweet cherries - Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Pennsylvania together account for over one-tenth of US fruit acreage

Cherries

- US is the worlds second largest cherry producing country - sweet (fresh market) and sour (processing) types - approximately 80% of the total US sweet cherry harvest volume and 80% of the export volume comes from the Pacific Northwest

leading cherry producing states

- Washington (Wenatchee and Yakima areas) - Oregon (Mid-Columbia and Medford areas) - California (Bakersfield and Stockton areas) - Michigan (western Michigan) - Idaho - harvest begins in early June in southern California and continues through August in Washington - about one-third of the total crop is exported

Peaches

- california dominates production in central valley - freestone (fresh market) and clingstone (canning) types are produced

US citrus production Florida

- declining acreage = lowest production volume last year since 1945 - most citrus grown in lower two-thirds of florida peninsula - most citrus grown in lower two-thirds of Florida peninsula = lower probability of freeze damage - world's leading producer of grapefruit (40% of world total) - diversity of mandarins - few limes remaing in Miami- Dade county - no lemons

challenges to the US tree fruit sector

- high investment cost - cost of availability of labor - weather related risks - water availability - new and existing pest pressure - government regulation - food safety compliance - increasing international competition

Apricot

- leading state producing apricot is California

US citrus production California

- oranges account for two thirds of the states citrus crop, lemons 25%, grapefruit 6%, tangerines/clementines 3%

Citrus

- perennial trees, widely grown throughout the tropics and sub tropics - originated in northeast India to southeast Asia •multiple species: -orange (Citrus sinensis) -grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) -lemon (Citrus limon) -lime (Citrus aurantifolia) -mandarins •tangerines (Citrus reticulata) •satsumas (Citrus unshiu) -pummelo (Citrus maxima) -tangelo (tangerine x pummelo) -tangor (tangerine x orange)

Temperate Fruit

- pome fruits (apple, pear) - stone fruit (peach, nectarine, plum, cherry, apricot)

world citrus production

- two- thirds of world citrus production is consumed as a fresh fruit - citrus fruit processing accounts for approximately one third of total citrus fruit production = 80% for orange juice production - 85 % of world 's orange juice comes from 2 production areas 1) state of Sao Paulo, Brazil -exports 99 % of its production 2) Florida -90 % of production consumed within U.S. •international trade in orange juice mostly in the form of frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) -reduces the volume of water, so storage and transportation costs are lower •the European Union is the largest importer of orange juice -accounts for > 80% of world orange juice imports -most imports by the E.U. come from Brazil

Nut Crops

-almond -walnut -pistachio -pecan -hazelnut -macadamia

Sub- tropical fruit

-citrus (orange, grapefruit, mandarins, lemon, lime) -avocado -olive -dates -cherimoya -lychee -longan

Tropical Fruit

-mango -papaya -jackfruit, breadfruit -mangosteen

Top 10 apple sales

1.Gala 2.Red Delicious 3.Fuji 4.Granny Smith 5.Honeycrisp 6.Golden Delicious 7.McIntosh 8.Pink Lady 9.Braeburn 10. Jazz

Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing)

•a devastating disease of all types of citrus -first detected in the U.S. in 2005 in Miami-Dade County, FL •the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is the insect carrier or vector spreading huanglongbing (HLB) -this bacterial disease (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) is transmitted to healthy trees by the ACP after it feeds on infected plant tissue •all types of citrus are susceptible hosts for both ACP and HLB -symptoms include leaf yellowing and blotchy mottling, twig dieback, and small deformed fruit which taste bitter •there is no cure once a tree becomes infected -infected citrus trees decline in vigor and eventually die