HR MGMT Ch. 11-14
In the context of behavior modification, basic notion is that it is: A. not enough to eliminate undesirable behaviors unless we can also provide a person with a new set of desirable behaviors. B. important to ensure that bad behavior is not reinforced using the continuous schedule of reinforcement. C. not in agreement with the principles of reinforcement theory. D. important to ensure that punishment is not used to eliminate undesirable behavior.
A
In the context of incentive plans based on firm profitability, a situation in which employees may not see how their efforts lead to increased profits is often referred to as _____. A. a line-of-sight problem B. an observer-expectancy effect C. the general adaptation syndrome D. the denomination effect
A
In the context of the job characteristics approach, task identity is the: A. extent to which a worker does a complete portion of a total job. B. number of tasks a person does in a job. C. perceived importance of a job. D. extent to which a worker knows how well a task is being performed.
A
Safety hazards refer to: A. the conditions in the work environment that have the potential to cause harm to an employee. B. a set of physical demands related to a job setting. C. a set of expected behaviors associated with a position in a group or organization. D. the stressors associated with the specific job a person performs.
A
Which of the following is a way in which concerns over security from terrorism has affected the human resource management functions in many organizations in the United States? A. It has restricted the labor pool available to U.S. employers. B. Firms have decreased their dependency on teleconferencing and prefer sending employees to places to discuss business. C. Business leaders have increased their focus on overseas operations rather than on operations within the country. D. It has led to the migration of youth from the United States to other developing countries.
A
Which of the following statements is true of the Landrum-Griffin Act? A. It prohibits convicted felons from holding national union office. B. It stipulates that employers provide information regarding their finances to all union and nonunion members. C. It mandates the election of new union leaders at least once every 8 years. D. It prohibits workers from bargaining with the management.
A
Which of the following statements is true of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)? A. It requires employers to keep standardized records of illnesses and injuries that occur in the workplace. B. The provisions of OSHA are enforced by the U.S. Department of Health. C. The health and safety standards that OSHA creates are revised every five years. D. It authorizes the World Health Organization to create and enforce standards regarding occupational safety and health.
A
Which of the following statements is true of the various theories of motivation? A. Some of them conflict with each other. B. They always make different predictions about a situation that could not be easily resolved. C. They consider the same categories of needs. D. All of them deal with the same aspects of the motivational process.
A
The productivity measurement and evaluation system (ProMES) process is based on: A. a performance-enhancement technique that focuses on individual-level performance. B. a model of motivation that is similar to the expectancy model. C. the assumption that the relationship between performance and attaining outcomes is irrelevant in productivity measurement. D. the assumption that individuals and groups do not have any resources.
B
_____ involves systematically moving employees from one job to another. A.Job rotation B.Job enlargement C.Job outsourcing D.Job enrichment
A
In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, which of the following is a human resource indicator? A. Return on assets B. Turnover rates C. Stock prices D. Market shares
B
In the context of performance-management techniques, the key is that any goal chosen as part of a performance-management system must: A. not be aligned with the higher-level goals of an organization. B. be aligned with the strategic goals of an organization. C. not be difficult and concrete. D. be easy and unspecific.
B
Jason, an engineer, is a soft-spoken, easygoing person. He is extremely flexible and handles situations without losing his composure. He is also less stressed than many of his colleagues. Which of the following personality types best describes Jason? A. Narcissistic personality B. The Type B personality C. Authoritarian personality D. The Type A personality
B
Which of the following is a difference between a stock-option plan and a stock-purchase plan? A. A stock-option plan is a group incentive plan, whereas a stock-purchase plan is an individual incentive plan. B. A stock-option plan is given to senior managers, whereas a stock-purchase plan is typically offered to all the employees of a firm. C. A stock-option plan is a form of intrinsic motivation, whereas a stock-purchase plan is a form of extrinsic motivation. D. A stock-option plan involves a variable price, whereas a stock-purchase plan involves a predetermined fixed price.
B
Which of the following is a difference between task demands and role demands as stressors at work? A. Task demand stressors include conflict, whereas role demand stressors include overload. B. Task demands are associated with the specific job a person performs, whereas role demands are associated with the behaviors expected of a person in a particular position in an organization. C. Task demands are the same as interpersonal demands, whereas role demands are the same as physical demands. D. Task demand stressors are always qualitative, whereas role demand stressors are always quantitative.
B
Which of the following is one of the seven major categories of occupational illnesses identified by the U.S. Department of Labor? A. Arthritis B. Poisoning C. Diabetes D. Clinical depression
B
Which of the following statements is true of compressed workweeks? A. They are related to decreased accidents in all settings. B. They presumably make it less likely that an employee will lose work time to deal with personal business. C. They require employees to work at least 5 days a week. D. They exempt employees from working the required number of hours a week.
B
Which of the following statements is true of job enrichment? A. It reduces employees' opportunity for growth and advancement. B. It involves assigning new and challenging tasks to employees continually. C. It reduces employees' sense of responsibility. D. It is against the idea of delegation of authority to employees.
B
Which of the following statements is true of restricted stock plans? A.They are not used in high-tech sectors. B.They are used as a retention tool rather than a performance incentive. C. They are individual reward systems. D. They are not offered to employees who remain with a company for long.
B
_____ are natural cycles that indicate when a body needs to eat or sleep. A. Circaseptan rhythms B. Circadian rhythms C. Lunar rhythms D. Cardiac rhythms
B
_____ refers to people leaving their jobs, whether voluntarily or involuntarily. A.Boreout B.Turnover C. Absenteeism D. Burnout
B
Barryst Inc. evaluates the performance of all its employees at the end of a project term. It provides financial rewards to all the employees who maintain a productivity of 105% and more at the end of the term. In this scenario, Barryst Inc. uses _____ to reward its employees. A. co-partnership plans B. fixed incentive plans C.individual incentive plans D. profit-sharing plans
C
In the context of reinforcement theory, extinction occurs when a behavior is: A. partially reinforced. B. followed by negative consequences. C. followed by no consequences. D. continuously reinforced.
C
Jennifer, a content developer, gives her best at any task assigned to her and tries to surpass her own potential to complete the task. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Jennifer's _____. A. physiological needs B. social needs C. self-actualization needs D. esteem needs
C
Mike, a sales representative, wants to become a sales manager. To become a manager, he ensures that he works harder and does a better job than his competitors. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Mike's _____. A. social needs B. physiological needs C. esteem needs D. security needs
C
Neil, a market research analyst, works for a company based in a different city. As he lives at a considerable distance from his office, he chooses to do most of his work from home. He receives assignments electronically and does not need to travel to work every day. In this scenario, which of the following work arrangements has Neil likely chosen? A.Freelancing B.Part-time work plans C.Telecommuting D.Compressed workweeks
C
The _____, which was passed in 1935, gives workers the legal right to form unions, to bargain collectively with management, and to engage in group activities such as strikes to accomplish their goals. A. Taft-Hartley Act B. Landrum-Griffin Act C. Wagner Act D. Norris-La Guardia Act
C
U.S. labor unions in the current times oppose: A. the impartation of technical vocation to young children. B. the employment of women in hazardous industries. C. the exportation of jobs to low-paying countries. D. the establishment of multinational companies.
C
Which of the following statements is true in the context of work teams? A. Self-directed work teams are not permanent parts of an organizational architecture. B. Autonomous work teams do not have the authority to decide how jobs will be allocated. C. If work is designed to be done by teams, we cannot reward individuals in true teamwork settings. D. In situations where we cannot identify the work product of a single individual, there is less likelihood of shirking.
C
_____ of an employee is a guaranteed amount of money that the individual will be paid. A. A sales commission B.Non-fixed incentive C.The base salary D.Merit pay
C
Samantha, a web content writer, is pursuing a course in creative writing alongside her job. She works 10 hours a day for 4 days a week instead of working 8 hours a day for 5 days a week, so that she has the flexibility of 3 days off a week. In this scenario, which of the following alternative work schedules has Samantha chosen? A. Home work programs B. Telecommuting C. Freelancing D. Compressed workweeks
D
Troyen Inc., a game design firm, is looking for graphic designers. It offers a sum of $20,000 to anyone in the company who refers an employee who subsequently joins and stays in the organization for a minimum period of 6 months. In this scenario, the amount offered by Troyen Inc. is referred to as a _____. A. fixed incentive B. sales commission C. variable incentive D. finder's fee
D
Which of the following statements is true of performance feedback? A. It works best when it involves a one-way communication. B. It should focus on an individual him- or herself. C. It should focus exclusively on effective performance. D. It plays an important role in both behavior modification and goal setting.
D
A company with a positive safety climate is one in which employees: A. recognize that they will be punished for their unsafe behaviors. B. recognize that they will be terminated if they get any occupational illness. C. are aware of the standards laid down by the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. D. are encouraged to work in compressed work schedules.
a
A person who is stressed at work takes up smoking in order to cope with the stress. This action can be categorized as a _____ consequence of stress. A. behavioral B. mental C. psychological D. medical
a
Due to pressure from her workplace, Pauline had to cut short her maternity leave and go back to work. After returning, she realized that she was even more stressed because she was thinking of her baby back home and also because of the workload in the office. In this scenario, Pauline's stress is most likely due to _____. A. role demands B. interpersonal demands C. physical demands D. task demands
a
In _____, the parties involved in negotiation bargain until impasse and then the two parties' ultimate terms are submitted to a third party. A. final-offer arbitration B. mediation C. domestic conciliation D. confrontation
a
In the context of VIE theory, _____ is a person's perception of the probability that improved performance will lead to certain outcomes. A. instrumentality B. dissonance C. expectancy D. valence
a
In the context of VIE theory, the link between effort and performance is sometimes referred to as the _____ term. A. expectancy B. valence C. instrumentality D. dissonance
a
In the context of evaluating performance-enhancement programs, which of the following is a financial and accounting indicator? A. Stock prices B. Accident rates C. Turnover rates D. General labor costs
a
In the context of the tactics used by unions to intimidate management, a(n) _____ occurs when union members agree not to buy the products of a targeted employer. A. boycott B. slowdown C. lockout D. impasse
a
In the context of union security agreements, a closed shop refers to a: A. workplace in which only workers who are already union members may be hired by the employer. B. factory where the workers are shut out of their workplace for a prolonged period of time. C. situation where workers abruptly walk off their jobs due to dissatisfaction. D. condition where a company or an industry shuts down due to financial constraints.
a
Leslie, an event manager, organizes corporate events for various companies with her team of six members. She is a very enthusiastic and gregarious person. She accepts projects that have tight deadlines despite the stress associated with them because she is confident of her ability to complete those assignments successfully. Which of the following personality traits does Leslie most likely possess? A. Hardiness B. Authoritarianism C. Neuroticism D. Masculinity
a
Which of the following statements is true of health hazards? A. Unguarded machines and defective equipment are examples of health hazards. B. They are not likely to occur in all types of businesses. C. They are not occupational in most cases. D. All firms have to pay equal premiums for insurance protection against health hazards.
b
The employees of Plummington Corporation, a mining company, work in a dangerous environment without using adequate safety gear. The labor union's negotiations with the management to improve workplace safety have not been successful. Following the death of an employee in a mine explosion, the other employees abruptly stop all production activities. They do not consult the union or the management despite the binding labor agreement still being in effect. In this scenario, the employees of Plummington Corporation are using _____ to protest against the management. A. a wildcat strike B. the work-to-rule tactic C. a slowdown D. the lockout tactic
a
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A personalities? A. They are highly focused on their work. B. They are easygoing about things at work. C. They have many interests outside of work. D. They are very patient in their approach to work.
a
Which of the following is a high-level emergency preparedness plan that firms can adopt to protect themselves from human-made and natural disasters? A. They can develop multiple backup systems as well as information systems that are not tied to a single location. B. They can adopt a domestic strategy and limit their business to a particular geographic area. C. They can refrain from hiring foreigners unless the decision to hire them is approved by all the employees who are U.S. citizens. D. They can refrain from joining the global business community to maintain confidentiality of important information.
a
Which of the following is a new trend in bargaining perspectives between labor unions and management? A. Bargaining situations are often characterized by demands for improved job security. B. Organizational downsizing and low inflation have forced unions to focus on wage increases. C. Labor unions encourage job movement in spite of management trying to restrict it. D. Labor unions present ambitious demands rather than trying to preserve what workers currently have.
a
Which of the following is a similarity between mediation and arbitration? A. Both require a neutral third party to propose an acceptable agreement. B. In both the processes, an agreement is suggested that can be accepted or rejected by the parties involved. C. Both require the parties involved to bargain until impasse. D. In both the processes, a settlement is proposed that both the parties involved in negotiation are bound to accept.
a
Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule? A. An employee paid on a piece rate such as one dollar for every ten units produced B. Employees promoted as a function of time within the firm, but the amount of time between promotions varying substantially C. A bonus system based on performance, with the number of units that must be produced to obtain a bonus varying over time D. Employees paid once every two weeks as long as they continue to do their jobs
a
Which of the following statements is true of goal theory? A. It has been used as the basis for some performance-appraisal systems. B. It posits that employees are most motivated by vague and unspecific goals. C. It suggests that goals that are difficult and concrete will motivate employees the least. D. It suggests that all goals are created equal.
a
Brian, a senior executive in the production department of an apparel manufacturing company, quit his job without prior notice. Susan, a new recruit and a junior executive in the same department, was asked to perform Brian's tasks along with her usual duties. This situation demanded Susan to work through the weekends to complete her work on time. In this scenario, Susan is most likely to experience stress due to _____. A. group pressure B. overload C. security D. leadership style
b
From the perspective of an HR manager, which of the following statements is true of a partial reinforcement schedule? A. An interval schedule results in higher levels of behavior than a ratio schedule. B. An employee takes longer to learn a behavior under a partial reinforcement schedule as compared to a continuous reinforcement schedule. C. A fixed ratio schedule produces more consistent levels of behavior than a variable ratio schedule. D. A continuous reinforcement schedule is more resistant to extinction than any partial reinforcement schedule.
b
Identify a true statement about punishment. A. It follows the same procedure as negative reinforcement. B. When done properly, it establishes a strong link between a behavior and a negative outcome. C. It ensures that a behavior is not followed by any consequence. D. When done using a continuous schedule, it increases the frequency of the behavior it follows.
b
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, _____ include a person's need for food and water. A. security needs B. physiological needs C. social needs D. esteem needs
b
In the context of labor and management issues, a(n) _____ is a situation in which one or both parties believe that reaching an agreement is not imminent. A. gridlock B. impasse C. boycott D. lockout
b
In the context of the causes of stress at work, _____ of a job relate to the job setting, such as working in extreme temperatures. A. interpersonal demands B. physical demands C. task demands D. role demands
b
In the context of union structures, _____ refer to unions organized at the level of a single company, plant, or small geographic region. A. colonies B. locals C. hives D. clusters
b
In the context of workplace security, which of the following is designed to provide some income for employees who are temporarily unable to work? A. A pension plan B. Disability insurance C. Social Security D. Unemployment insurance
b
Jackson walks by a bulletin board that advertises a fast food brand. The advertisement reminds him that he is hungry, and he wants to buy a snack. In the context of reinforcement theory, the advertisement serves as a(n) _____. A. heuristic B. stimulus C. cognitive map D. orienting reflex
b
Joshua is an assembly line welder in an automobile manufacturing company. If he meets his daily work target, he gets paid an incentive every week. In this scenario, Joshua's payment is based on a _____. A. fixed ratio schedule B. fixed interval schedule C. variable interval schedule D. variable ratio schedule
b
Ralph, an intern in a manufacturing company, comes up with a new idea of revolutionizing the manufacturing process for a gear assembly, thus minimizing the costs and manufacturing time associated with the process. In this scenario, Ralph's idea is most likely a result of _____. A. convergent thinking B. creative behavior C. regularization D. centration
b
Stress due to interpersonal demands is caused when: A. people face conflict between the demands of their various roles. B. two or more people with completely different attitudes work together. C. an individual is relocated to a place that has extreme weather conditions. D. an employee works for extended hours on a regular basis to complete his or her work.
b
The Wagner Act established the _____ to administer its provisions. A. Federal Labor Relations Authority B. National Labor Relations Board C. National Trades Union D. American Federation of Labor
b
The union members of Florasis Corporation, a tiles manufacturing company, are not able to negotiate a good contract with the management during the bargaining process. As a result, they stage a protest. During the protest, union members frequently march to the entrance of the company with placards in their hands in an attempt to intimidate the management. In the given scenario, which of the following tactics is being used by the union members to fulfill their demands? A. A boycott B. Picketing C. Featherbedding D. A slowdown
b
Victor was a labor union president in the 1880s. His union represented various small craft unions. Victor rarely got involved in political activism and led the union members in a way that avoided legal issues as much as possible. Instead, he put his efforts toward improving working conditions and acquiring more beneficial labor contracts. In the given scenario, Victor was most likely a president of the: A. National Trades Union. B. American Federation of Labor. C. Congress of Industrial Organizations. D. Knights of Labor.
b
Which of the following is a direct consequence of employee stress for an organization? A. Role conflict for employees B. A decline in employee performance C. Depression among employees D. A high risk of accident among employees
b
Which of the following statements best defines motivation? A. It includes being aware of one's thoughts, feelings, actions, and memories. B. It represents the forces operating on a person to exert effort, as well as the direction in which that effort will be exerted. C. It is the determinant of the relative importance of various personal factors that predict a person's ability to perform a job effectively. D. It involves focusing one's consciousness on a particular stimulus.
b
Which of the following statements is a similarity between job enlargement and job enrichment? A. Both reduce employees' opportunity for growth and advancement. B. Both attempt to increase the number of tasks that workers perform. C. Both are against the idea of delegation of authority to employees. D. Both reduce employees' sense of responsibility.
b
Which of the following statements is true of craft unions? A. They were formed under the National Labor Relations Act. B. They limited themselves to representing groups of workers who performed specific skilled jobs. C. They organized employees by industry, regardless of their skills or occupation. D. They were established by the government to create labor laws during the Revolutionary War.
b
_____ is the process by which managers and union leaders negotiate acceptable terms and conditions of employment for those workers represented by the unions. A. Featherbedding B. Collective bargaining C. Labor brokering D. Craft unionism
b
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, _____ include the need to have meaningful interactions and relationships with others. A. esteem needs B. security needs C. social needs D. safety needs
c
Catherine feels completely drained and exhausted because of excessive work pressure. She is unable to effectively balance her professional and personal life. Catherine is hence both frustrated and dissatisfied with her situation. Which of the following consequences of employee stress is Catherine experiencing? a. Hardiness B. Turnover C. Burnout D. Boreout
c
In the context of collective bargaining, management's resistance point refers to: A. its aim to have a zero increase in wages and benefits as a desired result. B. the minimum demand it expects from the union. C. the maximum increase in wages and benefits it is willing to provide. D. the minimum number of items it is willing to negotiate upon.
c
In the context of resolving impasses, strikes occur when: A. employers focus solely on improving the internal business environment. B. employers have a culturally relative attitude toward employees. C. employees walk off their jobs and refuse to work. D. employees have high affective commitment toward their organizations.
c
In the context of the tactics used by unions to intimidate management, a _____ occurs when an employer denies employees access to the workplace. A. boycott B. wildcat strike C. lockout D. slowdown
c
In the context of unionization in the United States, the _____ was established in the late 1930s, and its efforts were focused on organizing employees by industry, regardless of their craft, skills, or occupation. A. Knights of Labor B. American Federation of Labor C. Congress of Industrial Organizations D. National Federation of Federal Employees
c
Individuals high in self-esteem are: A. more likely to be absent because of stress-related problems. B. likely to have a negative outlook on life. C. better able to cope with any stress they encounter. D. more likely to experience stress at work.
c
The workers of Stollon Inc., a manufacturing company, unanimously decide to work at a leisurely pace, spending most of their time taking tea breaks and chatting in groups. They also take longer lunch breaks than usual. The workers do this in order to protest against the company's new layoff strategy. In this scenario, the workers of the company are using the _____ tactic to protest against the management. A. lockout B. boycott C. slowdown D. wildcat strike
c
Which of the following groups of industries constituted the most dangerous occupations in the United States in terms of fatal accidents at work in 2014? A. Retail trade, leisure, and hospitality B. Construction and warehousing C. Trade, transportation, and utilities D. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
c
Which of the following is a valid cause for the decertification of a labor union? A. Pressure from the government B. Absence of the bargaining unit to represent the union members C. Workers' disillusionment with the labor union D. Expiry of the official term of office of the union president
c
Which of the following is an important lesson that expectancy theory teaches HR managers? A. Expectancy theory suggests that organizations can best influence performance by establishing clear links between efforts and performance. B. Expectancy theory posits that employees must not play a role in decision making. C. Expectancy theory underscores the importance of selecting the right employees for a job. D. Expectancy theory suggests that an organization does not need to concentrate on having desired outcomes with improved performance.
c
Which of the following statements is a difference between an interval schedule and a ratio schedule? A. An interval schedule uses continuous reinforcement, whereas a ratio schedule uses partial reinforcement. B. An interval schedule is used to extinguish behavior, whereas a ratio schedule is used to increase the frequency of a behavior. C. An interval schedule reinforces behavior as a function of the passage of time, whereas a ratio schedule reinforces behavior as a function of how many times it occurs. D. An interval schedule reinforces both pleasant and aversive responses, whereas a ratio schedule reinforces only pleasant responses.
c
Which of the following statements is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. It suggests that everyone is motivated by the same set of needs at any one time. B. It establishes that the level of performance on any task is solely a function of motivation. C. It suggests that only one level of need is capable of motivating behavior at any given time. D. It focuses on how motivation occurs rather than on what motivates a person.
c
Which of the following statements is true of flexible work hour plans? A. They are very feasible in organizations that place a strong emphasis on teams. B. They require employees to travel during peak commuting times. C. They are believed to increase job satisfaction. D. They reduce an employee's control over the work environment.
c
Which of the following statements is true of expectancy theory? A. Expectancy theory deals with the actual relationships between components in the model. B. Expectancy theory is a need-based theory of motivation. C. The components in expectancy theory are more central to the theory than the links between them. D. All the terms in expectancy theory are based on a person's perceptions.
d
Which of the following statements is true of the negotiation process while formulating labor agreements? A. The outcome of the negotiation process is final and cannot be altered. B. Inept negotiators are the foremost barriers to effective negotiation between management and labor unions. C. Effective negotiation involves finding an overlap between the demands and expectations of organizations and unions in the bargaining zone. D. The target points of management and labor unions are the same during the collective-bargaining process.
c
A(n) _____ is one that is founded and managed in ways that explicitly acknowledge religious beliefs. A. postmodern organization B. evidentialist belief C. antitheist movement D. faith-based business
d
In the context of equity theory, overpayment inequity is the situation when an employee's input-outcome ratio: A. is equal to that of a comparison person. B. falls short of his or her expectation. C. meets his or her expectation. D. is more favorable than that of a comparison person.
d
In the context of reinforcement theory, a stimulus is: A. the behavior that we exhibit in reaction to a change in the environment. B. the consequences that follow a response. C. an action performed automatically as a response to an environmental cue. d. something in the environment that cues us about a behavior.
d
In the context of union security agreements, a(n)_____ allows a nonunion member to be hired, although he or she must join the union within a specified time to keep his or her job. A. union fair-share provision agreement B. open shop agreement C. agency shop agreement D. union shop agreement
d
Managers of organizations frequently feel that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) represents unnecessary regulation of their activities because: A. it releases a completely new set of standards for all industries each year. B. it releases highly specific standards that are seldom applicable to all industries. C. it is very expensive to implement its standards. D. it publishes lengthy and voluminous reinterpretations of various existing health standards each year.
d
Research on expectancy theory: A. does not support the general logic of the theory. B. suggests that most employees are much more calculating than the theory. C. suggests that the theory is not as rational as most employees. D. does not support many of the theory's specific mechanisms.
d
Safety engineers are experts who: A. work solely for the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. B. maintain standardized records of illness and injuries that occur in an organization. C. review a workplace to ensure compliance with the standards of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration . D. recommend solutions for dealing with dangerous situations at workplaces.
d
The _____ is responsible for enforcing the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) through the enforcement group known as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health B. U.S. Department of Justice C. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission D. U.S. Department of Labor
d
To be covered by any legislation related to employment, a person must: A. have minimum savings of thousand dollars. B. be over the age of 16 and have a high school degree. C. be a citizen of the United States for at least 12 years. D. have some type of employment relationship with an entity.
d
Which of the following is a major reason for the lack of global competitiveness by automakers in the United States? A. Low purchasing power B. Aggressive antiunionization strategies C. Small size of the workforce D. High labor costs
d
Which of the following statements is a similarity between expectancy theory and reinforcement theory? A. Both deal with the actual relationships between the components in a model. B. Both propose that behavior is independent of its consequences. C. Both suggest that the response a person makes to a stimulus is independent of what he or she expects will happen. D. Both recommend strengthening of the links between performance and gaining valued outcomes.
d
Which of the following statements is true of a labor union? A. It is the sole authority to decide the pay increment of the workers of an organization. B. It is established by the government to monitor labor-related issues. C. It is an illegally established entity of the workers of an organization. D. It works toward achieving job-related goals such as acquiring higher wages.
d
Which of the following statements is true of the Knights of Labor? A. It sought to replace worker cooperatives through capitalism. B. It only sought to improve the wages of its members. C. It admitted people on the basis of race and creed. D. It expanded its membership to include workers in many different fields.
d
