HRM 13

Which of the following statements best defines goal theory?

It is a motivation model based on the premise that people with goals work harder than people without goals.

Identify a true statement about intrinsic motivation.

It is associated with feelings that one's skills are being utilized.

Which of the following statements is true of ERG theory?

It substituted three levels of needs for Maslow's five levels of needs.

Which of the following statements is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

It suggests that only one level of need is capable of motivating behavior at any given time.

Which of the following refers to the situation in which a behavior is followed by desired consequences and thus is likely to be repeated?

Positive reinforcement

Which of the following refers to a situation in which a behavior is followed by negative consequences and so is not repeated?

Punishment

In the context of agency theory, which of the following statements is true of agents?

Their livelihood tends to depend on the business being successful.

In the context of reinforcement theory, extinction occurs when a behavior is:

followed by no consequences.

In the context of VIE theory, which of the following is a person's perception of the probability that improved performance will lead to certain outcomes?

Instrumentality term

In the context of VIE theory, which of the following statements is true of valence?

It refers to how attractive or unattractive an outcome looks to a p

Which of the following statements best defines motivation?

It represents the forces operating on a person to exert effort, as well as the direction in which that effort will be exerted.

Which of the following statements is true of reinforcement theory?

It suggests that the response a person makes to a stimulus is a function of what he or she expects will happen

Joshua is an assembly line welder in an automobile manufacturing company. He receives a payment every week as long as he meets his weekly target. In this scenario, Joshua's payment is based on a _____.

fixed interval schedule

Need-based theories of motivation:

focus on what motivates a person.

In the context of motivation and needs, Maslow's theory is useful because it:

focuses on needs and suggests that not everyone would be motivated by the same set of needs at any one time.

Sonia, a sales executive at Westrek Inc., is specific about what she wants from her workplace. She wants to be part of an environment that is free from workplace harassment. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Sonia's _____.

security needs

Jennifer, a content developer, gives her best at any task assigned to her and tries to surpass her own potential to complete the task. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Jennifer's _____.

self-actualization needs

Which of the following statements is true of the various theories of motivation?

A few of the theories conflict with each other.

Which of the following theories addresses potential conflicts of interests among different groups of stakeholders in an organization?

Agency theory

Which of the following statements is true of expectancy theory?

All the terms in expectancy theory are based on a person's perceptions

Which of the following statements is a similarity between expectancy theory and reinforcement theory?

Both recommend strengthening of the links between performance and gaining valued outcomes.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs include a person's need for food and water?

Physiological needs

Which of the following theories is proposed by Frederick Herzberg that identifies motivators and hygiene factors as two sets of conditions at work that can satisfy needs?

Dual factor theory

Which of the following are the areas in which agency theory is most often applied?

Executive compensation and executive incentive plans

In the context of VIE theory, which of the following terms refers to the link between effort and performance?

Expectancy term

Which of the following is an important lesson that expectancy theory teaches HR managers?

Expectancy theory suggests that it is important for organizations to have many desirable outcomes associated with improved performance.

Which of the following best defines creative behavior?

It involves doing things at work that are innovative and provide some value for an organization.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs include the need to have meaningful interactions and relationships with others?

Social needs

Which of the following statements is true of motivation?

Up to a point, high levels of motivation can compensate for lower levels of ability.

When a supervisor works to simultaneously eliminate undesired behavior and reward desired behavior, it is known as _____.

behavior modification

Raymond, an employee at Wiztech Inc., calculates the ratio of his inputs to the outcomes he gets from the organization. Once he calculates this ratio, he tries to determine if this ratio is fair by comparing it to that of his peer. In the context of process theories of motivation, Raymond is most likely using _____.

equity theory

The links among the three components, namely effort, performance, and outcomes, are central to _____.

expectancy theory

In the context of expectancy theory, employees are less likely to increase effort if:

increased performance is canceled out by negative outcomes.

Donna trained to be a doctor because she wanted to serve the underprivileged people and not because she wanted to enjoy the monetary and social privileges associated with being a doctor. In this scenario, Donna most likely chose her profession because of _____.

intrinsic motivation

In the context of equity theory, overpayment inequity is the situation when an employee's input-outcome ratio:

is more favorable than that of a comparison person.

The employees of Vinvac Inc. are promoted annually. However, the time between two consecutive promotions is not constant. In this scenario, Vinvac Inc. promotes its employees based on a _____.

variable interval schedule

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio schedule?

An employee paid on a piece rate such as $1 for every 10 units produced

From the perspective of an HR manager, which of the following statements is true of a partial reinforcement schedule?

An employee takes longer to learn the desired behavior under a partial reinforcement schedule as compared to a continuous reinforcement schedule.

In the context of partial reinforcement, which of the following statements is a difference between an interval schedule and a ratio schedule?

An interval schedule reinforces behavior as a function of the passage of time, whereas a ratio schedule reinforces behavior as a function of how many times it occurs.

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of continuous schedules?

They involve the shortest amount of learning time

In the context of reinforcement theory, which of the following statements is true of fixed interval schedules?

They result in the lowest productivity when compared to other partial reinforcement schedules.

Ralph, an intern in a manufacturing company, comes up with a new idea of revolutionizing the manufacturing process for a gear assembly, thus minimizing the costs and manufacturing time associated with the process. In this scenario, Ralph's idea is most likely a result of _____.

creative behavior

Mike, a sales representative, wants to become a sales manager. To become a manager, he ensures that he works harder and performs better than his competitors. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this scenario illustrates Mike's _____.

esteem needs

Wong walks by a bulletin board that advertises a fast food brand. The advertisement reminds him that he is hungry, and he wants to buy a snack. In the context of reinforcement theory, the advertisement serves as a(n) _____.

stimulus

In the context of reinforcement theory, a stimulus is:

something in the environment that cues us about a behavior.