HS 4241 Study Guide

Studies on clinician bias and stereotyping in mental health found that: Select one: a. There isn't enough evidence to come up with a conclusion b. Clinicians may be influenced by people's ethnic backgrounds in making diagnoses c. Asian Americans were most likely to have mental health problems d. People's beliefs interfered with providing the most adequate and effective treatment e. None of the above

b. Clinicians may be influenced by people's ethnic backgrounds in making diagnoses

The unrealistic fear or belief that one has a serious disease, despite appropriate investigation and reassurance is called: Select one: a. Conversion Disorder b. Hypochondriasis c. Body Dysmorphic Disorder d. Somatization Disorder e. None of the above

b. Hypochondriasis

Agonists generally __________ activity at the synapse while antagonists generally __________ activity at the synapse. Select one: a. Decrease; increase b. Increase; decrease c. Speed; slow d. Slow; speed e. None of the above

b. Increase; decrease

What is one of the reasons why poverty is related to poorer mental health? Select one: a. Individuals have less education b. Individuals are likely exposed to more stressful social environments c. There is no connection between poverty and mental health d. Community centers refuse to help individuals with low SES e. None of the above

b. Individuals are likely exposed to more stressful social environments

Avoidance of any bodily or somatic cues that has previously happened during a panic attack is termed: Select one: a. Somatic avoidance b. Interoceptive avoidance c. Panic disorder d. External cues avoidance e. None of the above

b. Interoceptive avoidance

Persistent, intrusive ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as inappropriate and causes anxiety or distress are called: Select one: a. Compulsions b. Obsessions c. Intrusive thoughts d. OCD e. None of the above

b. Obsessions

After serving two terms in Afghanistan, Kurt is suffering from insomnia, is agitated and jumpy, and has intrusive thoughts that cause great distress. Kurt is most likely suffering from: Select one: a. Night Terrors b. Post-traumatic stress disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Generalized anxiety disorder e. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

b. Post-traumatic stress disorder

In the DSM-5 (the latest version of the DSM), which is NO LONGER under the umbrella of Anxiety Disorders? Select one: a. Panic disorder b. Post-traumatic stress disorder c. Generalized Anxiety disorder d. Specific phobia e. None of the above

b. Post-traumatic stress disorder

Which is NOT one of the four major subtypes of specific phobias? Select one: a. Animal b. Supernatural c. Situational d. Blood-injury-injection (BII) e. Natural environment

b. Supernatural

During which period did people push towards a more humanitarian view of mental illness? Select one: a. 14th century b. 16th and 17th century c. 18th and 19th centuries d. 11th century e. None of the above

c. 18th and 19th centuries

Body Dysmorphic Disorder is said to have been diagnosed in individuals as early as _____ years old. Select one: a. 10 b. 19 c. 5 d. 7 e. 2

c. 5

OCD is most often co-morbid with which of the following psychiatric disorder? Select one: a. Delusions b. Phobia c. Depression d. None of the above e. Schizophrenia

c. Depression

Trephination was used in prehistoric times a way of treating mental illnesses. This process entailed: Select one: a. Chanting and dancing around an individual to cure their illness b. Giving an individual various drugs c. Drilling a hole in a person's skull in order to release evil spirits d. Performing an exorcism e. None of the above

c. Drilling a hole in a person's skull in order to release evil spirits

During ancient times (500 B.C.), mental illness was thought to be treated by: Select one: a. Counseling b. Removing excess fluids from the body c. Exorcism d. Institutionalization e. None of the above

c. Exorcism

When a person re-experiences a traumatic event so vividly that they believe they are experiencing the event over again, is known as: Select one: a. PTSD b. Delusion c. Flashback d. None of the above e. Hallucination

c. Flashback

Every time Anna experienced a medical symptom she would worry excessively about it being a real serious medical condition. One time, she found a small lump on her throat and she assumed it was throat cancer and spent hundreds of dollars on second opinions, tests, and experts from all over the nation. She would most likely be diagnosed with: Select one: a. Conversion Disorder b. Somatoform Disorder c. Hypochondriasis d. Body Dysmorphic Disorder e. All of the above

c. Hypochondriasis

In original psychoanalysis techniques, Freud believed that analyzing dreams could aid therapists in helping clients. According to Freud, this is because the client's dreams contain __________, or actual content, but also contained __________, or symbolic underlying meaning. Select one: a. Latent content, manifest b. Suppressions, repressions c. Manifest, latent content d. Repressions, suppressions e. None of the above

c. Manifest, latent content

Which of the following is one of the most treatable out of all the anxiety disorders? Select one: a. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder b. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder c. Specific Phobia d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder e. All of the above

c. Specific Phobia

What is the essential quality of a therapist who is conducting person-centered therapy? Select one: a. The therapist must be able to see patterns such as the connections between childhood experiences and a client's current adult life. b. The therapist must be comfortable with gently challenging the client's faulty thought processes. c. The therapist must be nonjudgmental and empathetic with their clients d. The therapist must "remain blank" by offering few emotions reactions. e. All of the above

c. The therapist must be nonjudgmental and empathetic with their clients

True or False: Genetics factors do not play a role in the etiology of GAD.

False

True or False: In order to receive a diagnosis of PTSD, a person has to directly experience the traumatic event.

False

True or False: Individuals that suffer from BDD never attempt to change their appearance even though they believe there is something wrong with them.

False

True or False: Men are at a greater risk for PTSD.

False

True or False: Obsessive-compulsive disorders and Obsessive-compulsive personality disorders are the same thing.

False

True or False: PTSD is more common among men than women.

False

True or False: People with mental illness never get better.

False

True or False: Psychological therapies (e.g., behavioral therapy) are not effective in treating OCD when compared to pharmacotherapy.

False

True or False: The DSM-5 is widely recognized and used across the world for diagnosing mental disorders.

False

True or False: There is no known therapy that helps individuals diagnosed with Somatic Symptom Disorders.

False

True or False: There is really no difference between the ease of diagnosing someone with a mental health disorder vs. a medical disorder.

False

Conversion disorder involves: Select one: a. Nightmares frequently affecting the person's state of mind b. An intense fear that the person has an illness c. The inability to convert emotional feelings into words, resulting in distress d. A loss or alteration in bodily function which isn't caused by a medical disorder e. None of the above

d. A loss or alteration in bodily function which isn't caused by a medical disorder

True or False: An evolutionary approach to mental health disorders seeks to understand why the syndrome exists at all, and why it is common now.

True

True or False: Culture and social contexts shape the mental health of minorities and may affect the types of mental health services they receive.

True

True or False: Culture plays a very big role in determining whether a behavior is considered normal or abnormal.

True

True or False: Hippocrates came up with a theory that physical and mental illness was caused by an excess of one of the four essential bodily fluids.

True

True or False: Panic attacks are not always indicative of a mental disorder.

True

True or False: People with somatoform disorders believe they are sick so they are not "faking" the illness.

True

True or False: Regular, noninvasive, medical assessments may reduce anxiety and limit health-seeking behavior in Somatic Symptom Disorders.

True

True or False: Studies have found that educational campaigns are not very effective and its impacts are not long-lasting when combating mental illness stigma.

True

True or False: Studies have shown that people with low socioeconomic status (SES) are two to three times more likely than individuals with a higher SES to have a mental disorder.

True

True or False: There is some evidence that the belief (at the time of trauma) that one is about to due, may predict PTSD.

True

True or False: There were some infectious agents that when advanced enough could cause mental health disorders.

True

True or False: When it comes to public stigma towards mental illness, studies have found that women and those living in urban areas were more stigmatized.

True

According to the text Introduction to Psychiatry, mental disorders are multifactorial and they include: Select one: a. Biological b. Psychological c. Social factors d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Patients with hypochondriasis also tend to have high levels of: Select one: a. Anxiety b. Depression c. Somatoform symptoms d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

What are the three general theories of the etiology of mental illness? Select one: a. Supernatural b. Somatogenic c. Psychogenic d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

What factors influence the treatment of mental health or mental treatment? Select one: a. The culture of the patient b. The culture of the clinician c. Family factors d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

What was PTSD used to be called before PTSD was recognized as a diagnosis? Select one: a. Da Costa's heart b. Shell Shock c. War Neurosis d. All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

It is believed that Conversion Disorder is caused by: Select one: a. A genetic predisposition b. A fear of illnesses c. A form of obsessive-compulsive disorder d. An internal conflict, such as unresolved grief, sexual assault, or another stressful situation. e. None of the above

d. An internal conflict, such as unresolved grief, sexual assault, or another stressful situation.

Rosa was always preoccupied about her feet, she thought she had enormous clown feet that were completely disproportionate to her body. She believed that people did not want to be around her because of her feet and she always wore shoes and never took them off. At times, she would even go to bed with shoes on. What would she most likely be diagnosed with? Select one: a. Somatic Symptom Disorder b. Hypochondriasis c. Conversion Disorder d. Body Dysmorphic Disorder e. None of the above

d. Body Dysmorphic Disorder

One study showed that PTSD frequently develops _____ month(s) after the trauma. Select one: a. 1 b. 12 c. None of the above d. 6 e. 8

a. 1

Which of the following techniques are associated with CBT? Select one: a. Challenging automatic thoughts b. Hypnosis c. Mindfulness meditation d. Unconditioned positive regard e. Positive Punishment

a. Challenging automatic thoughts

What are the two main classification systems in mental health? Select one: a. DSM and ICD b. DSM and GLDP c. ICD and Medical Model d. DSM and RDoC e. None of the above

a. DSM and ICD

In the DSM-5, hypochondriasis is also known as: Select one: a. Illness Anxiety Disorder b. General Anxiety disorder c. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder d. Illness anxiety disorder e. Somatic Symptom Disorder

a. Illness Anxiety Disorder

Which symptom is associated with Social Anxiety Disorder? Select one: a. Intense fear and avoidance of social situations b. Panic attacks c. Having no friends d. Isolating others e. None of the above

a. Intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Individuals diagnosed with BDD usually have comorbid disorders such as: Select one: a. Major Depressive Disorder b. Schizophrenia c. Panic Disorder d. Hypochondriasis e. None of the above

a. Major Depressive Disorder

What is one environmental factor that has been implicated in the development of psychological disorders? Select one: a. Poor nutrition b. Peer pressure c. Media exposure d. Lack of faith e. All of the above

a. Poor nutrition

It has been found that people diagnosed with Body Dysmorphic Disorder are more frequently preoccupied with the following body part(s): Select one: a. Skin b. Feet c. Fingers d. Hair e. All of the above

a. Skin

Which of the following is NOT one of the "triple vulnerabilities" that are risk factors for developing an anxiety disorder? Select one: a. Biological vulnerabilities b. Acute vulnerabilities c. Psychological vulnerabilities d. Specific vulnerabilities e. None of the above

b. Acute vulnerabilities

An important factor of Somatization is the lack of ability to have the words to describe emotions. This is also known as: Select one: a. Somatization b. Alexithymia c. Conversion disorder d. Expression blockage e. None of the above

b. Alexithymia

Which of the following assumptions is associated with client change in humanistic therapies? Select one: a. Clients must be passive and receptive to therapist input b. Clients must pay for therapy in order to be invested in it c. Therapist must use specific treatment factors d. Clients should experience anxiety e. None of the above

b. Clients must pay for therapy in order to be invested in it

Jenny is, by nature, a nervous person. She has been having a hard time concentrating and seeks the help of a counselor, Amanda. Amanda begins by being very warm. She does not direct Jenny with regards to what she should talk about. Instead, Amanda primarily focuses on empathizing with Jenny and accepting her for who she is. Which therapeutic orientation is Amanda most likely using? Select one: a. Cognitive-behavioral therapy b. Psychodynamic therapy c. Acceptance and commitment therapy d. Client-centered therapy e. Psychoanalytical therapy

d. Client-centered therapy

Trephination was used in prehistoric times as a way of treating mental illnesses. This process entailed: Select one: a. Chanting and dancing around an individual to cure their illness b. Giving an individual various drugs c. Performing an exorcism d. Drilling a hole in a person's skull in order in order to release evil spirits e. None of the above

d. Drilling a hole in a person's skull in order in order to release evil spirits

Which of the following is one of the symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? Select one: a. Lack of appetite b. Phobia of social situations c. Claustrophobia d. Excessive anxiety and worry e. None of the above

d. Excessive anxiety and worry

One of the biggest and most formidable obstacles to future progress is: Select one: a. Migration b. Culture of the clinician c. Primary care physicians d. Stigma e. All of the above

d. Stigma

Which law describes the relationship between arousal and performance? Stating that as arousal increases, performance improves. However, at a certain point, if arousal continues to increase, performance deteriorates. Select one: a. Cause-effect relationship b. Performance-Arousal Law c. Anxiety causation Law d. Yerkes-Dodson Law e. None of the above

d. Yerkes-Dodson Law

Anxiety disorders are thought to emerge from "triple vulnerabilities." Which of the following is NOT an example of one of those vulnerabilities? Select one: a. Janette's genetics make her more susceptible to anxiety based on how her brain reacts to stress b. Cory had a traumatic experience at a young age making him view the world as uncontrollable and dangerous c. Based on his family's reactions, Vinnie learned growing up that physical illness is very dangerous so he becomes anxious when someone gets sick. d. Zoe's small physical build makes her predisposed to feel the world is overwhelming leading to anxiety e. None of the above

d. Zoe's small physical build makes her predisposed to feel the world is overwhelming leading to anxiety

What are the major reasons why minorities do not seek mental health treatment? Select one: a. Mistrust of mental health services b. Communication problems/differences c. Stigma d. Cultural misunderstanding e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What is a barrier that might prevent the development of mental health resources in various parts of the world? Select one: a. Governmental budget b. A mental health policy c. The number of mental health professionals in a given region d. Lack of facilities to treat severe mental disorders e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which is a symptom of a Panic Disorder? Select one: a. Difficulty breathing b. Shaking c. Nausea d. Dizziness e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The figure most associated with the person-centered therapy movement is: Select one: a. Martin Seligman b. Sigmund Freud c. B.F. Skinner d. Aaron Beck e. Carl Rogers

e. Carl Rogers

Repetitive behaviors of mental acts (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking, etc.) are called: Select one: a. Delusions b. Obsessions c. Stereotypy d. None of the above e. Compulsions

e. Compulsions

Which is NOT a classification schema of mental disorders? Select one: a. DSM b. GLDP c. ICD d. CCMD e. IDMD

e. IDMD

Brett has to turn the light on and off 10 times before he leaves a room. What is he probably suffering from? Select one: a. Generalized Anxiety Disorder b. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder c. Night Phobia d. None of the above e. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

e. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder