HS&F: Chapter 9 - Senses
A
A person with cataracts was treated by surgically removing the lenses of his eyes. The type of glasses he should get to compensate for the removal of his lenses would be a) convex lenses. b) concave lenses. c) glasses to compensate for astigmatism.
A
A thin, transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids, and the anterior surface of the eye is the a) conjunctiva. b) lacrimal gland. c) nasolacrimal duct. d) lacrimal canaliculus. e) eyelashes.
E
Aqueous humor a) is found in the posterior chamber of the eye. b) is produced by the cilary body. c) can cause glaucoma if its circulation is blocked. d) Maintains the pressure within the eye e) has all of these properties.
A
Cones are a) both sensitive to red, blue, or green and found in greatest quantity in the fovea centralis. b) more sensitive to light than rods are. c) more common than rod cells in most of the retina. d) sensitive to red, blue, or green. e) found in greatest quantity in the optic disk.
C
During training for night combat, soldiers are trained to look slightly to one side of objects they detect. This is because a) looking directly at an object places the image on the optic disk. b) the fovea has very few rod cells, which are necessary for vision in dim light. c) of both looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis and the fovea has very few rod cells, which are necessary for vision in dim light. d) looking directly at an object places the image on the fovea centralis. e) color vision is better if you look slightly to one side of an object.
B
Four mounds, found in the roof of the midbrain, which are involved in integration of hearing and visual reflexes are a) the pons. b) the colliculi. c) the reticular formation. d) the medullary pyramids. e) both the medullary pyramids and the pons.
E
From the list below, all are accessory structures for the eye EXCEPT: a) extrinsic eye muscles b) eyelids c) conjunctiva d) lacrimal apparatus e) retina
C
Given below are the events that occur when light strikes the photopigment, rhodopsin. What is the correct sequence? 1) Retinal changes shape. 2) Light strikes rhodopsin. 3) Cell changes are stimulated leading to vision. 4) Opsin changes shape. 5) Energy from ATP is used to attach retinal to opsin forming rhodopsin. 6) Retinal detaches from opsin. a) 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 3 b) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4 c) 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 5 d) 3, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5 e) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6
D
In the cochlea, the space that extends from the oval window to the apex of the cochlear spiral is the: a) tectorial membrane. b) spiral lamina. c) cochlear duct. d) scala vestibuli. e) scala tympani.
E
Light rays a) striking the retina cause action potentials to be relayed to the brain. b) are refracted by the cornea, lens, and humors. c) are refracted as they pass through a convex lens. d) that are converging, reach a crossing point called the focal point. e) have all of these characteristics.
E
Myopia is a condition in which a) the cornea or lens is not uniformly curved. b) there is a decrease in the ability of the eye to accommodate for near vision. c) the image is focused behind the retina and correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting. d) the image is focused behind the retina. e) correction is possible with a concave lens or through surgery such as radial keratotomy or laser corneal sculpting.
E
Night blindness: a) can be caused by retinal detachment b) can be caused by a vitamin A deficiency c) is characterized by difficulty seeing in dim light d) only B and C are correct. e) All of the above pertain to night blindness.
A
Nystagmus a) is an involuntary rhythmic, repeated, oscillation of one or both eyes. b) is a cyst caused by an infection of the sebaceous glands along the edge of the eyelid. c) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. d) is a condition in which one or both eyes are directed medially or laterally. e) is a condition characterized by clouding of the lens as a result of advanced age.
A
Olfactory neurons a) have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity and have extremely long cilia on the dendrites which airborne molecules bind to. b) have dendrites that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity. c) have long cilia on the dendrites, which airborne molecules bind to. d) are multipolar. e) repolarize when airborne molecules bind to them.
C
Retinal a) combines with rhodopsin to produce opsin. b) releases energy when opsin attaches. c) synthesis in rod cells requires vitamin A. d) retains its shape when struck by light. e) has all of these properties.
A
Rod cells a) are more sensitive to light than cone cells. b) need bright light to function. c) are sensitive to red, blue, or green colors. d) are found in greatest quantity in the fovea centralis. e) have none of these properties.
C
Sensorineural deafness a) involves a fluid abnormality in one or both ears causing vertigo and hearing loss. b) involves a mechanical deficiency in the transmission of sound waves from the outer ear to the spiral organ. c) involves a misfunction within the spiral organ or nerve pathways of the ear. d) consists of phantom sound sensations such as roaring or buzzing. e) occurs when conflicting information reaches the brain from the inner ears and the eyes.
C
The ability to see many different color variations results from: a) the sensitivity of rods to photons of light. b) the different varieties of retinal in each cone type. c) stimulation of combinations of the three types of cones. d) retinal detachment. e) stimulation of combinations of the three types of rods.
A
The ampulla and crista ampullaris are found in a) the semi-circular canals. b) the tympanum. c) the cochlea. d) the saccule and utricle.
D
The choroid of the eye a) is part of the fibrous tunic. b) appears white in color. c) is part of the nervous tunic. d) consists of a vascular network and large numbers of melanin-containing cells. e) anteriorly, is continuous with the sclera.
B
The firm, opaque, white, outer connective tissue layer of the posterior five-sixths of the eye is the a) nervous tunic. b) sclera. c) cornea. d) choroid. e) vascular tunic.
D
The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head is the a) tympanic membrane. b) ceruminous gland. c) external auditory meatus. d) auricle. e) middle ear.
B
The following is a list of steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. 1) The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window causing vibrations in the endolymph. 2) Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus. 3) Action potentials are induced in the sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve (CN VIII). 4) Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes. 5) Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane. 6) Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph in the scala vestibuli. 7) The microvilli of the hair cells bend. What is the proper sequence of these steps? a) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3, 7 b) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 7, 3 c) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3, 7 d) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 7, 3 e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
D
The function of the structure indicated by the letter C is a) to transmit vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. b) to collect sound waves and direct them to the middle ear. c) to carry action potentials to the brain. d) to equalize air pressure between the outer and middle ear. e) to cause displacement of the vestibular membrane. https://www.eztestonline.com/249515/1321628754917980021.tp4?REQUEST=SHOWmedia&media=1image001.png
A
The hair cells and tectorial membrane are found in a) the cochlea. b) the saccule and utricle. c) the semi-circular canals. d) the tympanum.
A
The inner layer of the eye that consists of the retina is known as a) the nervous tunic. b) the conjunctiva. c) the vascular tunic. d) the crystalline lens. e) the fibrous tunic.
E
The lacrimal canaliculi a) moves the eyeball. b) empties excess tears into the nasal cavity. c) produces tears. d) is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye. e) collects excess tears from the medial corner of the eye.
E
The letter A represents the a) auditory ossicles. b) semicircular canals. c) tympanic membrane. d) cochlea. e) external auditory meatus. https://www.eztestonline.com/249515/1321628754917980021.tp4?REQUEST=SHOWmedia&media=1image001.png
C
The letter B is the a) retina. b) cornea. c) lens. d) sclera. e) choroid. https://www.eztestonline.com/249515/1321628754917980021.tp4?REQUEST=SHOWmedia&media=image002.png
A
The letter C is the a) choroid. b) retina. c) lens. d) sclera. e) cornea. https://www.eztestonline.com/249515/1321628754917980021.tp4?REQUEST=SHOWmedia&media=image002.png
E
The limbic system: a) influences long term declarative memory b) influences motivation and mood c) influences visceral responses to emotions d) receives sensory input from the olfactory nerves e) all of the above
A
The maculae and otoliths are found in a) the saccule and utricle. b) the semi-circular canals. c) the cochlea. d) the tympanum.
C
The middle layer of the eye that, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris is a) the conjunctiva. b) the crystalline lens. c) the vascular tunic. d) the nervous tunic. e) the fibrous tunic.
A
The outer layer of the eye that consists of the sclera and cornea is known as a) the fibrous tunic. b) the vascular tunic. c) the nervous tunic. d) the conjunctiva. e) the crystalline lens.
D
The sensory retina a) is the outer portion of the retina. b) contains pigment. c) keeps light from being reflected back into the eye. d) contains rod and cone cells. e) has all of these characteristics.
C
The spiral organ a) has sensory neurons with their cell bodies in the spiral lamina. b) has afferent nerve fibers that form the tectorial nerve. c) contains specialized sensory cells with hairlike projections. d) is located in the scala tympani. e) has hair cells with their tips embedded in the basilar membrane.
B
The spot where a number of blood vessels enter the eye, and where the optic nerve exits the eye, is called a) the optic disk. b) Both the blind spot and the optic disk are correct names. c) the macula. d) the blind spot. e) the fovea centralis.
D
The structure that opens into the pharynx and enables air pressure to be equalized between the middle ear and the outside is a) the mastoid air cells. b) the auditory ossicles. c) the oval window. d) the auditory tube. e) the round window.
E
The vestibule a) is associated with static equilibrium. b) can be divided into the utricle and saccule. c) has chambers with patches of specialized epithelium called maculae. d) contains maculae, which have hair cells embedded into a gelatinous mass. e) has all of these characteristics.
B
To understand a word that one hears, action potentials from the ear reach the auditory cortex, travel to the auditory association cortex, and are comprehended as meaningful words by a) the aphasic area. b) Wernicke's area (sensory speech area). c) Broca's area (motor speech area). d) the prefrontal area. e) the primary somatic sensory cortex.
C
When you walk into a dark room, the _____ smooth muscles of the iris ____ the pupil of your eye. a) circular; dilate b) radial; constrict c) radial; dilate d) circular; constrict e) papillary; constrict
E
Which of the following are important in the clinical management of pain? a) exercise programs b) acupuncture procedures c) acupressure procedures d) vigorous mental activity e) all of the above can be used to manage pain.
C
Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the eye and vision? a) Rods only detect the presence of light while cones detect the specific wavelength of light. b) When viewing distant objects, your lens becomes more flat. c) The human eye changes the focal distance to focus exactly like a camera focuses. d) The fovea contains mostly cones and is your area of sharpest vision. e) Light absorption in the eye requires the presence of photopigments such as rhodopsin.
A
Which of the following statements about taste is FALSE? a) Taste sensations are carried by three spinal nerves that synapse in the olfactory bulb. b) The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) carries taste sensations from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue. c) Our ability to perceive many different tastes is achieved through various combinations of the five basic taste sensations. d) The vagus nerve (X) carries some taste sensations from the root of the tongue. e) The facial nerve (VII) transmits taste sensations from the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue.
C
Which of the following statements concerning neuronal pathways for vision is NOT correct? a) Optic nerves leave the orbit through the optic foramen. b) Most of the optic tract neurons terminate in the thalamus. c) Neurons of the superior colliculi form the fibers of the visual radiations. d) Fibers of the visual radiations project to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. e) Some axons in the optic nerves cross to the opposite side of the brain at the optic chiasma.
C
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) One common cause of double vision is a misalignment of the eyes due to a weakening of the extrinsic eye muscles. b) The image seen by each eye is called the visual field of that eye. c) Depth perception requires monocular vision. d) Depth perception occurs where the two visual fields of the eyes overlap.
B
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Sensation is the conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors. b) Visceral senses provide sensory information about the body and its environment. c) Sensation can be received from inside or outside the body. d) Sensation is created in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and some other areas of the brain. e) Stimulation of the sensory receptors does not immediately result in sensation.
E
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) functions as two separate nerves carrying information from two separate but closely related structures. b) The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with balance. c) The cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with hearing. d) The senses of hearing and balance are transmitted by the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). e) The vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) is involved with hearing.
B
Which of these individuals with presbyopia would be least likely to need reading glasses? a) Mr. Stig Matig, who has had astigmatism all his life. b) Millie Molee, who has had myopia all her life. c) Hal Hooper, who has had hyperopia all his life.
A
Which of these statements concerning aldosterone secretion is NOT correct? a) Aldosterone causes increased potassium retention. b) Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. c) Renin causes angiotensinogen to be converted to angiotensin I. d) Low blood pressure stimulates the release of renin from the kidney. e) Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex to increase aldosterone secretion
A
__________ monitor continuous touch or pressure in the skin. a) Ruffini corpuscles b) Free nerve endings c) Merkel's disks d) Meissner's corpuscles e) Pacinian corpuscles
C
____________ respond to fine, discriminative touch and are found just deep to the epidermis. a) Merkel's disks b) Free nerve endings c) Meissner's corpuscles d) Pacinian corpuscles e) Ruffini corpuscles
D
____________ respond to pain, temperature, and itch. a) Pacinian corpuscles b) Meissner's corpuscles c) Ruffini corpuscles d) Free nerve endings e) Merkel's disks