HUM 310 Ch 7,8,10,11

How was the Italian Renaissance different from the Northern Renaissance?

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What is an essay?

A sort peice of expository prose that examines a single subject or idea.

Poussin was a leading figure in the evolution of ____________________ art.

Academic

Trained as an engraver, __________________________ earned international fame for his woodcuts and metal engravings.

Albrecht Durer

The poet______________________________ typified the spirit of the Enlightenment.

Alexander Pope

In 1434 van Eyck painted_______________________________________,the first in Western art to portray a secular couple in a domestic interior.

Arnolfini Marriage

The Medici family made its fortune in this industry.

Banking

A building standing in front of a cathedral and used for the Christian rite of baptism.

Baptistry

__________________________describes a style that dominated the arts of Western Europe between roughly 1650 and 1750.

Baroque

According to ___________________________ the Renaissance lady must have knowledge of letters, music, and painting, be modest and discreet, and exercise grace.

Castislione

Luther's favorite musical form was the _____________________, a congregational hymn that served to enhance the spirit of Protestant worship.

Chorale

Who was the first feminist writer in the Renaissance?

Christine De Picasso

The first master of Baroque music-drama, and the greatest Italian composer of the early seventeenth century, was _______________________________________.

Claudio Monteuerdi

The first large-scale nude sculpture since antiquity was _______________________by the sculptor______________________________.

David, Donatello

This individual was one of Luther's teachers and wrote In Praise of Folly.

Desiderius Erasmus

Cervantes' __________________________ recounts the adventures of a chivalrous knight who confronts reality through the lens of personal fantasy.

Don Quixote

The ____________________ is an elegant apartment or drawing room; and/or an intellectual gathering held in such a space.

Drawing room/salon

Variations and contrast in force or intensity is called _________________________.

Dynamics

Diderot's _______________________ was the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West.

Encyclopedia

____________________meaning "illumination," describes the period between ca. 1650 and 1800, a time when educated Westerners looked to science and reason for the betterment of humankind.

Enlightenment

This man produced the winning design for the dome of Florence Cathedral.

Filippo Brunelleschi

This was the "most preeminent Italian city-state" in the fifteenth century.

Florence

During the High Renaissance, the center of artistic productivity shifted from _________________________ to ____________________________.

Florence, Rome

Who was Artemisia Gentileschi?

Follower of Michelangelo Merisi, painter who changed traditions

Who is the "father of humanism"?

Francesco Petrarch

One of the most influential Baroque artists was _______________________, the designer of the piazza in front of St. Peter's Basilica.

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Begun in 1599, the ____________________________Theatre, which held between 2000 and 3000 spectators, offered all levels of society access to entertainment.

Globe

Like the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, many rulers in Western Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries governed as direct representatives of ______________________on earth.

God

Classical humanism refers to the revival of ___________________________________culture.

Greeco-Romen

Shakespeare's _____________________is the world's most quoted play, belongs to the popular Renaissance genre of revenge tragedy.

Hamlet

In what ways did Louis XIV help to shape the art world in France?

He made it a focus of his power and caused the main pl;ace for art too switch from Italy to France.

This individual created the Garden individual created the Garden of Earthly Delights.den of Earthly Delights.

Hieronymus Bosch

_____________________________is a relief printing process by which all parts of a design are cut away except those that will be inked and printed.

wood cut

The great proponent of Baroque illusionism and the leading Italian painter of the seventeenth century was ____________________________.

Michelangelo Merisi

________________________________ advanced the idea of a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial agencies of government.

Montesquieu

____________________________ was the first literary description of an ideal state since Plato's Republic, it was inspired, in part, by accounts of wondrous lands reported by sailors returning from the "New World" across the Atlantic.

More's Utopia

Thomas Jefferson's Monticello is an example of the___________________style of architecture.

Neoclassical

What were the primary "rules" of academic art?

Only choose serious/elevated topics of classical or christain subjects presented clear, without irrelevant details

Milton's ________________ is a landmark epic that describes the fall of Adam and Eve.

Paradise Lost

The Rococo style originated in __________________.

Paris, France

A _____________________________painting depicts events from everyday life

Realism

The term _____________________literally means rebirth in French.

Renaissance

The works of Boucher and Watteau reflect the ______________________ style.

Rococo

What is the heliocentric theory?

The idea that planets motion was circular

The _____________________________________ is a "manifesto of humanism" that used a wide range of literary sources to build an argument for free will and the perfectibility of the individual.

The oration on the dignity of man.

Who was the most important patron of art in Renaissance Rome?

The pope/church

What is aerial perspective?

The subtle blurring of details and diminution of color intensity in objects proceived at a distance.

______________________wrote the Declaration of Independence, and was inspired by Locke's ideas about natural rights and revolution.

Thomas Jefferson

What is linear (or one-point) perspective?

Translation of 3D space to 2D surface using optics

Council of _________________________reconfirmed all seven of the sacraments and reasserted the traditional Catholic position on all theological matters that had been challenged by the Protestants.

Trent

A work made of three parts, usually painted panels hinged together.

Triptych

Sir Thomas More's ideal society is called____________________.

Utopia

Louis XIV built the Palace of _________________________ as a display of royal power.

Versailles

Which author satirized the unbounded optimism of the philosophes in his Candide?

Voltaire

This individual was greatest playwright of the Elizabethan era, having written at least 37 plays.

William Shakespeare

________________________________emerged during the Golden Age of England under the rule of Elizabeth I (1533-1603). He produced thirty-seven plays—comedies, tragedies, romances, and histories—as well as 154 sonnets and other poems.

William Shakespeare

Why did both Protestants and Catholics oppose the heliocentric theory?

because it contradicted the bible

Where did Luther post his landmark Ninety-Five Theses?

cathedral of Wittenburg

What are the characteristics of Neoclassical art?

color, intellectual, geometric shapes, hard edges, contours

What are the characteristics of Rococo art?

decrotive, ornamentation, sensuous curves, delicate figures, pastel tones

___________________ is a belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs.

deism

Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece was commissioned for the benefit of ____________________ victims.

disease & plague

What are the characteristics of baroque painting?

drama, theatricality

A method of inquiry dependent on direct experience or observation is called the _______________________________.

empirical method

___________________is the process by which lines are incised on a metal plate, then inked and printed.

engraving

Genre painting depicts scenes from ______________________.

everyday life

A __________________________is a festive diversion enjoyed by aristocrats, a favorite subject in Rococo art.

fete galante

____________________ is a method of inquiry that begins with direct observation and experimentation and moves toward the establishment of general conclusions or axioms.

inductive reasoning

A __________________________painting shows natural scenery.

landscape

Jacques-Louis David best represents the _____________________ style.

neoclassical

What are indulgences?

paying to lighten your sentence in purgatory

What genre was the most lucrative for the Dutch painter Rembrandt?

portrait

The ____________ helped to accelerate the spread of Protestantism, produce cheaper reading materials, and enhance popular education.

printing press

What are the characteristics of Italian baroque churches?

relationship between spaces more important. Space became an experience. attention to scale, masculine strong contrasts. Expansive views

A _________________________is an agreement made between citizens in the formation of the state

social contract

A ____________________________painting dedicated to the representation of common household objects and food.

still life

According to _____________________________, salvation was achieved only by faith in the validity of Christ's sacrifice: Human beings were saved by the unearned gift of God's grace

Martin Luther

The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when ___________________________________ posted the Ninety-Five Theses on the cathedral door in Wittenberg.

Martin Luther

In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), _________________________ attacked the persistence of the female stereotype

Mary Wollstonecraft

The ________________________________ family were important art patrons that ruled Florence for four generations

Medici

_______________________was the "father" of the literary form known as the essay.

Michel Montaigne

The High Renaissance artist ______________________considered himself first and foremost a sculptor.

Michelangelo

What is a Slave Narrative?

Literature written by Africans of the trans atlantic slave trade

Christopher Wren was commissioned to rebuild Saint Paul's Cathedral and dozens of other churches after a fire in 1666 devastated the city of _______________________.

London

Dispensations granted by the Church to shorten a sinner's stay in purgatory.

Indulgences

___________________ is an official inquiry into possible heresy.

Inquisition

This man argued legitimate government required the consent of the governed.

Jean Jacques Rousseau

The ____________________followed Loyola in calling for a militant return to fundamental Catholic dogma and the strict enforcement of traditional Church teachings.

Jesuits

The artist _____________________________________ was an artist, mathematician, composer and inventor.

Leonardo da Vinci

In his The Social Contract, ________________ proposed the existence of a general law, the "categorical imperative," which directed the state to achieve the "common good."

Rousseau

This story from the Hebrew Bible was the assigned topic for the competition to create a new set of doors for the north entrance to the Baptistery at Florence's Duomo.

Sacrifice of Issic

Funded with money from indulgences, the refurbished ________________________ would become a landmark symbol of Church power and prestige, celebrating its triumph over the Protestant challenge.

Saint Peter's

The process of blurring outlines in painting by subtle tonal variations so that objects in the foreground blend into the background; literally, "smokiness."

Sfumato

Both El Greco and Velázquez served in the courts of ___________________.

Spain

According to Machiavelli, this is the prince's chief preoccupation and primary duty.

Survival of the state/waging war

The founding figure of the Society of Jesus was ___________________.

Tanatius Loyola

The ______________________________ is a work of architecture by Donato Bramante that marked the site of Saint Peter's martyrdom in Rome.

Tempietto

________________________written by Erasmus was a satiric oration attacking a wide variety of human foibles, including greed, intellectual pomposity, and pride.

The Praise of Folly

In his work ______________________________________Machiavelli argued that the need for a strong state justified strong rule.

The Prince

Baldassare Castiglione's work __________________________ provides instructions for behavior to aristocrats and emphasizes the importance of sprezzatura and the l'uomo universale.

The book of the courtier