HUM Assessment

Which activities took place in the Egyptian temples of the New Kingdom?

Rituals performed by priests Rituals that celebrated the solar cycle Rituals that celebrated regeneration

What are the purposes of a hierarchy of spaces in a Christian church?

To guide worshipers in moving into a sanctified space (The early Christian church consisted of a hierarchy of spaces that ushered the devotee from the chaos of the everyday world into the security of the sacred interior.) To help worshipers embrace the Christian rituals (The hierarchy of spaces in the Christian church are designed to help worshipers embrace the ritual of deliverance.)

Which offers visual evidence of the social order in ancient Mesopotamia?

The Standard of Ur

What was the name of the Roman Empire's legal code, first developed in 450 B.C.E.?

The Twelve Tables of Law, was Rome's first civil code, published in 450 B.C.E.

What role did religious art play in the ultimate schism between the Western and Eastern Churches?

The Western Church continued to embrace religious art as inspirational.

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

The consolidated body of law from all parts of the Babylonian Empire

What conditions in the Roman Empire set the stage for Christianity to steadily grow?

The grinding poverty of many amid the great wealth of a few Insecure borders and ongoing threat of invasion The impersonality and corruption of the Roman government

What were the chief functions of the Roman triumphal arch?

To show the geographic reach of the empire To serve as monumental gateways To celebrate imperial victories To serve as visual propaganda

True or false: According to recent archeological excavations, the Americas had civilizations as old or older than the Egyptian pyramids.

True New research indicates sites in Peru dating to 3500-2600 B.C.E.

Romans looked upon their favorite deities as protectors of the household, the marketplace, and state.

True, As with the Greeks, Rome's favorite deities were looked upon as protectors of the household, the marketplace, and the state.

The birth of civilization marked the shift from rural to ______ culture.

Urban

India's oldest devotional texts, which contain stories of Indian mythology and sacred hymns, are known as the

Vedas or The Vedas

Who wrote the literary epic The Aeneid, which immortalized Rome's destiny as world ruler?

Virgil

The Roman practice of interpreting omens to predict future events is called _____.

augury, Augury is the interpretation of omens.

The term ______ refers to the rectangular colonnaded hall that the Romans used for public assemblies.

basilicas

Reflecting the ______ of the region, the Mesopotamian deities were fierce and capricious.

environment

In addition to being masters of public speaking, the Romans developed the art of writing ______, or letters.

epistles

The production of food through ______ freed people from the nomadic way of life associated with hunting and gathering.

farming , As people began to domesticate plants and animals, they were freed from a nomadic way of life.

Due to the cheapness and superiority of iron weapons, armies were able to expand and control territories outside of their own natural boundaries, a practice known as ______.

imperialism, Iron technology spurred the growth of empires, which resulted in their expansion into other territories. This expansion is known as imperialism.

The massive terraced tower called a ziggurat was designed to look like a ______ that would bring the people of Sumer and Babylonia closer to heaven.

mountain, The ziggurat symbolized the sacred mountain that linked heaven and earth.

The Romans mastered the art of public speaking, or ________ , as well as letter writing.

oratory

In ancient Egypt, the government clerk who kept written records was called a

scribe

Some Neolithic peoples marked their graves with megaliths, or large ______.

stone slabs

In the most fundamental sense, the Iron Age represented a key change in ______ for Mesopotamia.

technology, The introduction of iron by the Hittites is considered a technological leap forward.

In Rome's res publica, how did democracy manifest itself in the governance of the state?

Citizens elected representatives, who governed in their interests.

How did Paul the Apostle "universalize" Jesus' message and aid in the spread of Christianity?

Making Christianity available to Gentiles, By preaching to non-Jews, Paul spread Jesus' message, earning the title "Apostle to the Gentiles."

In 622 C.E., Muhammad left his native city of Mecca, emigrating to

Medina

Which descriptions are true about Julius Caesar?

A dictator An army commander

What is an epic?

A narrative poem about a hero's quest

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of the Persian empire?

A polytheistic religion

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of the Persian empire?

A polytheistic religion, The Persians devised a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster.

Which of the following did the Qin dynasty implement to centralize power?

A standardized written language Uniform coinage A population census

Which of the following were associated with the shift from rural to urban culture in the earliest civilizations?

Advances in technology Growing populations Trade involving surplus food and goods

What was the general Benedictine monastic attitude toward women?

All women are sinful and dangerous. Monastics generally regarded women as the daughters of Eve—inherently sinful and dangerous as objects of sexual temptation.

How did Benedictine monastic communities exemplify early Christian principles?

Benedictine monks withdrew from the secular world. Benedictine monks embraced poverty, prayer, and good works.

To Neolithic farmers, which of the following was associated with the cycle of the seasons?

Birth Regeneration Death

What was a result of Paul's writings on the life and message of Jesus?

Christianity separated itself from Judaism, becoming a new religion. Paul's writings separated Christianity from its parent faith, Judaism.

Which of the following was a form of writing that consisted of wedge shapes inscribed on clay tablets?

Cuneiform, Cuneiform is one of the oldest forms of writing known. It features angular and wedged shaped marks.

Attributed to Lao Zi, the ______ is the most popular Daoist text and has influence nearly every aspect of Chinese culture.

Dao de jing, The Dao de jing is one of the fundamental texts in the Daoist canon.

What are characteristics of the 8,000 life-sized soldiers in the tomb of Shi Huang Di?

Designed to protect the dead Intense lifelike appearance Mass-produced

What were some features of the early Indus valley civilization?

Fired-brick houses Written language Sewage systems

Before he became dictator in Rome, Julius Caesar spent nine years as military commander, conquering

Gaul

What feature of Judaism is different from the religions of ancient Greece and Rome?

God was not involved with human affairs, In both religions being Greece and Rome, the deities are concerned with human matters.

Although the Christian writings known as the _______ cannot be seen as true biographies of Jesus, they do describe his life and teachings, beginning with his miraculous birth.

Gospels

Which of the following is true of Roman tragedies?

Had a bloody, ghoulish quality Modeled on those of Greece Offered along with public games Drew on themes from history

Since it is a very comprehensive collection of laws, the Code of ______ offers enormous insight into life in ancient Mesopotamia.

Hammurabi

What are the characteristics of the Dao?

Harmony with nature The wellspring of yin and yang The unifying force underlying nature's multiplicity

Which are accomplishments of the Byzantine emperor Justinian?

He made the Byzantine economy competitive with the Far East. He revised and codified the laws of the Roman Empire. He commissioned monumental art and architecture.

Which of the following events in the life of Jesus are described in the Gospels?

His charismatic teaching Baptism by the preacher John His crucifixion by the Romans

Who was Nefertiti in relation to Akhenaten, the pharaoh?

His chief wife

In ancient Egypt, what was seen as the monarch's source of political power?

His spiritual power

Which Roman poet, born the son of a slave, used satire to point out the contradictions between practical realities and abstract ideals?

Horace

Tools discovered that date to the Paleolithic period revolve around what activity?

Hunting, The earliest Paleolithic tools—cleavers, chisels, spears, harpoons, hand-axes, and a wide variety of choppers—show the importance of hunting.

During the Iconoclastic Controversy, what was the position of the Eastern Orthodox Church over the role of icons in divine worship

Icons were no better than pagan idols. (Byzantine iconoclasts held that icons were no better than pagan idols, which were worshiped in and of themselves.)

Which central motifs are featured in the Epic of Gilgamesh?

Immortality Human vulnerability

How did Julius Caesar's reign end?

In 44 B.C.E., an angry group of senators assassinated Caesar, threatened by his populist reforms and his contempt for republican institutions.

How are the earliest populations in the Americas best described?

Migrant cultures, The earliest populations formed a mosaic of migrant cultures.

India's earliest known civilization was located along the ______ river.

Indus

The combination of war chariots and which type of weapons gave Hittites military superiority in Mesopotamia during the second millennium B.C.E.?

Iron, In addition to their iron weapons, the Hittites made active use of horse-drawn war chariots, which provided increased speed and mobility in battle.

Which descriptions are true about the burial site of the Qin emperor?

It contains almost 8,000 terracotta soldiers. It took 11 years to build.

Which features does The Aeneid share with the Odyssey and the Iliad?

It features a hero's journey. It is an epic.

Why did the Justinian revision and codification of Roman law have such a lasting impact on European legal history?

It formed the basis of later European legal systems. During the Middle Ages, the Code of Justinian became the basis for the legal systems in most of the European states.

Why did Christianity appeal to the poor and oppressed?

It was easier to relate to Jesus, who had lived in the world, than to a distant god. It promised a better life in the hereafter. It was easy to understand.

Which of the following can be said of the land in ancient Egyptian beliefs?

It was ruled by the Pharaohs. It was considered sacred. It was owned by the gods.

Which of the following is a reason the Persian Empire is referred to as the first multicultural civilization of the ancient world?

Its extensive linguistic and ethnic diversity

What was the main reason for animosity between the Roman empire and the Jewish people of Jerusalem in the time of Jesus?

Judaism forbade the worship of Rome's ruler and its gods. The monotheism of Judaism forbade the worship of Rome's ruler and its gods

Which of the following are associated with the introduction of iron technology in the ancient world?

Larger, more efficient armies Cheaper and stronger weapons The rise of large empires

The writer Catullus is known for what literary genre?

Lyric poetry

What literary genre, developed by Roman writers, uses humor to denounce human vice and folly?

Lyric poetry, Recall that the genre of lyric poetry, which is a type of musical performance poetry, existed since ancient Greek times.

Match the parts of a Western Christian church with their functions.

Narthex = Vestibule leading to the church entrance Nave = Central hallway of the church Transept = Area at the end of the nave that formed the Latin cross correct. Apse = Semicircular space holding the alter

Queen ______, chief wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten, inspired numerous sculptures because of her confident beauty, and she is often pictured as the goddess Isis.

Nefertiti

What area of Africa became a center for Muslim traders in the 7th and 8th centuries?

North Africa, Muslim traders dominated commerce at the edges of the Sahara Desert and in North Africa, soon commanding the trans-Saharan network that linked West Africa to Cairo and continued through Asia via the Silk Road to China.

What qualities are characteristic in the poetry of Catullus?

Passion Emotion

Categorize roles of citizens during the res publica government during the Roman Republic.

Patricians = Large landowners Plebeians = Farmers and small landowners Consuls = Elected magistrates Members of Popular Assembly = Plebeians Members of Roman Senate = Patricians Patricians

Recent archeological research in the Americas indicates that ______ has at least two sites that are as old as, or older than, the Egyptian pyramids.

Peru

Who did the Hebrews conquer in order to establish the first Hebrew state in Canaan?

Philistines, The first Hebrew monarchy was established only after the Hebrew tribes reasserted the ancient patriarchal claim to Canaan (the "Promised Land") and defeated the powerful Philistines

The use of pictographs as a form of writing dates as far back as ______ B.C.E.

Pictographs began appearing in 3100 B.C.E.

The _______ dynasty centralized political power by, for example, completing a census of the Chinese population, standardizing the written Chinese language, and creating a system of weights and measures.

Qin

What practice, common in the Near Eastern mystery cults, symbolized spiritual rebirth?

Ritual baptism, The mystery cults embraced symbolic acts of spiritual death and rebirth, such as ritual baptism

What is India's classical language, used to write epics such the Mahabharata and the Ramayana?

Sanskrit

Tensions between the Romans and the Jews in Jerusalem culminated in the Roman assault on the city and the destruction of the ______ in 70 C.E.

Second Temple, Mutual animosity and discord, between the Romans and the Hebrews culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem and its Second Temple.

What were some features of the early Indus valley civilization?

Sewage systems Fired-brick houses Written language

What encouraged the development of social classes in ancient Mesopotamia?

Specialization of labor

Which Muslim group holds that religious rulers should be chosen by the faithful?

Sunni

Who appeared to Muhammad and commanded him to receive the revelation of the one and only Allah?

The Angel Gabriel According to Muslim teachings, one night the Archangel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad and commanded him to proclaim his role as the prophet of Allah.

Which of the following describes the cosmological origins of early Mesopotamia?

The Babylonian Creation

In the first centuries after the death of Jesus, how was the Roman Catholic Church able to become the dominant administrative authority in Western Europe?

The Church used Roman methods of architectural construction. The Church inherited and employed the Roman legal system. The Church retained the Empire's administrative hierarchy.

Which geographical feature is most prominent in the emergence of ancient Egyptian civilization?

The Nile River, The Nile River, and the fertile land it bred, allowed Egypt to develop.

In the temples of the New Kingdom, what did pylons symbolize?

The mountains at the edge of the world

Which God held the place of honor in ancient Egypt?

The sun god, In as hot and arid a place as Egypt, where ample sunlight made possible the cultivation of crops, the sun god held the place of honor.

Which of the following was the most popular and widely used symbol of Roman imperial victory?

The triumphal arch

Which of the following was the most popular and widely used symbol of Roman imperial victory?

The triumphal arch, The triumphal arch functioned as visual propaganda for the Roman imperial army.

What are the characteristics of the Dao?

The unifying force underlying nature's multiplicity Harmony with nature The wellspring of yin and yang

Which label describes the divinely sanctioned way of life in ancient Egypt?

Theocratic socialism, In ancient Egypt, the gods ordered that the fruits of each harvest were shared according to the needs of the community.

What happened in the first centuries after the death of Jesus?

There was diversity of belief and practice among Christians. Before the Council of Nicaea, the followers of Jesus disagreed on issues of leadership, doctrine, and liturgy.

Which of the following is true of the history, legends, and laws of the Hebrews?

They were transmitted orally for hundreds of years. The history, legends, and laws of the Hebrews were transmitted orally for hundreds of years, not written down until the young Hebrew state emerged, around 1000 B.C.E.

The ancient Egyptian political system, in which political power is linked with spiritual power, is called a

theocracy

The structure called a ____ was the spiritual center of the Babylonian city-state.

ziggurat