Human 1 ch:5

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

epithelial

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

False

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

fibrous

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue.

longitudinal

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) __________ section.

False

Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) __________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.

simple columnar; small intestine

A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________.

histological section

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a _________

False

Adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.

hypertrophy

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

pseudostratified columnar

All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

simple columnar

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

areolar; cartilage

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.

False

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

transport nutrients to the tissues

Blood functions to __________________.

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.

True

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

False

Connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another.

False

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.

False

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.

True

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

transitional; stratified squamous

Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

compound acinar

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________.

True

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

tight junctions

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

apoptosis

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.

hyperextensible joints

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have __________.

True

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.

totipotent

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells.

True

Most growth in childhood is the result of hyperplasia.

simple cuboidal

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

synovial

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

mucous; serous

Mucin is secreted by__________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

neuroglia

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

True

Neurons are a major type of cell found in nervous tissue.

adipose tissue

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.

False

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

False

The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia.

False

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

False

Rapid cell death caused by a complete cutting off of blood supply is called gangrene.

simple squamous

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

True

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

True

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

striated and voluntary

Skeletal muscle is described as __________.

True

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

goblet

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

The __________ gives rise to the __________.

epithelium; connective tissue

The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________.

cytosol

The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.

epithelium and lamina propria

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of _________.

mesoderm; mesenchyme

The middle primary germ layer is called __________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called __________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, and blood.

metaplasia

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________.

fibrosis

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

True

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

elastic cartilage

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of _________

Collagen

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

A calcified matrix

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages _______

Merocrine; Holocrine

________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Nonkeratinized; vagina

_________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the __________.

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas __________ epithelium is rare.

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

__________ secrete __________ into __________.

Areolar tissue

__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

Excitable

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.