Human A&P Terms for the FINAL : Be able to define or describe each of the following. I will randomly choose 50 of these in which you will need to define

Cerebral spinal fluid

Clear fluid that goes around brain to prevent concussion Made in epithalamus mobed my ependymal cells Have 1/2 of a cup Hydrocephalus is when the CSF cannot drain from brain

Cones

Color three types: Red, blue, and green

Medulla Oblongata

Controls heart rate, swallowing, and vomit

Frontal lobe

Controls movement (skeletal muscles) -front part is intellectual reasoning -last part of the brain to grow (25 years old) -top of frontal lobe Is your memories

Hypodermis

Innermost layer includes fat which is also known as adipose tissue, and blood vessels Purpose: to keep heat from leaving blood vessles

Oligodendrocytes

Insulates the neuron Forms the Mylan shealth

What is the relationship between the body temperature and metabolic rate?

higner the body temP, higher The metabolic rate

Sweat glands

2.5 million sweat glands 4 feet long Sweat in salt, water, and lactic acid Sweat kills bacteria because it has a pH of 4 to 6 (acidic)

Four ligaments of the knee

ACL, MCL,PCL, and LCL

Spiral fracture

Caused by twisting, breaks lengthwise

Pons

Controls breathing

Synovial fluid

Fluid found in the cavity of synovial Joints

Cartilage

Protects the ending of bones

Creatine phosphate

Proteins can bond with one phosphate and takes P from phosphate to ADP to make more ATP -you have 20 seconds of creatine phosphate

Pyloric sphincter

"Door"/opening on bottom of the stomach

Epiphyseal plate

(Also known as the growth plate) -cartilage that has yet to turn into a bone -growth hormone causes it to grow -with a bone breaks it goes over your plate not allowing it to grow

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Epidermis

-Avascular (no blood vessles) -outer most layer -stratum basal (cells that constantly divide, make new epidermis) -most cells are keratinocytes (cells that make protein called keratin) -melanocytes (cells that make pigment melan, forms an umbrella over nuclear us to absorb UV light -get new epidermis every 25 to 45 days

Cardiac muscle

-Makes up your heart -involuntary -they do not tire -arranged in figure 8 pattern

Smooth muscle

-Surrounded by internal organs -involuntary -do not tire -arranged in sheets lateral and longitudinal

Cocaine

Blocks dopamine receptors dopamine will last up to 18 hours

Midbrain

Controls sight

Microvilli

Ford in the small intestine do increase its surface area and take in more nutrients

Depressed fracture

Happens on flat bone pushes in compact bone

Temporal lobe

Hearing

Endocardium

Inside of the heart, smooth

Thalamus

Middle layer of your diecCephalon it is the relay center for sensory nerves

PNS

Peripheral nervous system -Everything else -spinal nerve (nerves off of spine) -cranial nerve (serves off of brain)

Hematopoiesis

Process of making new blood

Erythropoietin

Red blood cell hormone

4 chambers of the heart

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

Sensory Division

Send message to brain

Pia matter

Tight membrane around brain Prevent bacteria and virus from going into brain

Epicardium

Tight membrane around outside of heart stops bacteria from getting in

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth

Occipital lobe

Vision

Acetylocholine

neurotransmitter

Metabolic rate

the rate at which the body uses energy

CNS

Central nervous system -Includes brain and spinal cord

Systemic circuit

Circuit that goes from left ventricle and goes back into right atrium

Hemocytoblasts

Stem cells that make new blood controlled by hormones

Uvula

Stopped you from swallowing something too big

Pulmonary circuit

Circuit that goes from right ventricle to the lungs and then back into left atrium

Dermis

-Second layer of 'your hide' -includes nerve endings, sweat gland, oil gland, hair follicle, collagen fibers which are super strong and attract water, elastic fibers which allows skin to stretch .too much skin causes fibers to clump together.

Astrocytes

-Star shaped -most numerous of nerves cell -protects neurons with blood -"body guard" -picks up neurotransmitters (surrounds synaptic cleft)

Skeletal muscle

-attached to muscle -voluntary -they do tire -Multi nucleated

How much of your body is water?

60%-80%

Simple fracture

Bone breaks in half cleanly

Comminuted fracture

Bone breaks into many pieces (common in older people)

Epiphysis

Bone ending -spongy bone -covered by cartilage

Compounds fracture

Breaks through skin

Arties

Bring blood away from heart High blood pressure Have muscles around them

Veins

Bring blood to heart Low blood pressure Have one way valves

Osteoblasts

Build bone

Osteoclasts

Cells that live inside of bone controlled by hormone

Melanocytes

Cells that make pigment melan which forms an umbrella over nuclear us to absord UV light

Kerantinocytes

Cells that make proteins called keratin The epidermis fills up with keratin which keeps water inside

Osteocytes

Cells that break down bone

Stratum basal

Cells that constantly divide, make new epidermis

Hypothalamus

End layer of the diecCephalon controls body temperature emotions and pleasure

Greenstick fracture

Does not completely break (common in little kids)

Anaerobic respiration

Doesn't need oxygen -Breaks glucose in half (lactic acid) -releases two ATPs -fast process -can only do for 30 to 40 seconds

Oil glands

Drains into every hair follicle Purpose- repels water, keeps hair from becoming brittle, and kills bacteria

Periosteum

Keeps bacteria from invading the bone

Microgills

Kills viruses and bacteria in the brain

LDL/HDL cholesterol

LDL cholesterol = bad HDL cholesterol = good

Arachnoid matter

Looks like a spiderweb under Dura matter Filled with spinal fluid

Dura matter

Looks like leather, feels like leather -under the skull

Pericardium

Loose fitting Sakura on the heart (make sure that you can live in case your aorta Pops off)

Hemoglobin

Made of iron and carries oxygen

Nicotine

Makes you squeeze out all of your dopamine body will add more dopamine receptors

Diaphysis

Middle of bone -compact -covered by periosteum which keeps bacteria from invading bone

Ependymal cells

Move cerebral spinal fluid with cilia

Myocardium

Muscle layer of the heart

Cardioesphageal Sphincter

Muscular opening between the esophagus and stomach

Myelin Sheath

Myelin is an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances. This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Aerobic respiration

Needs oxygen -totally breaks down glucose into36 ATP -Slow process

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP.

Retina

On back of eye, contains photo receptors

Epithalamus

Outside layer of the dieccephalon makes cerebrospinal fluid

Thrombopoietin

Platelet hormone

Dopamine

Pleasure

Rods

Reacts with very little light, night vision plus peripheral vision

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells -A nucleated (no nucleus) -contains very few organelles -can carry and move oxygen -pact with hemoglobin, which is made of iron and carries oxygen -1 mL of blood has 5 million red blood cells

Larynx

Routes air to lungs, food and H2O to stomach 'Adams apple" Voice box

Motor Division

Send message from brain -voluntary nervous system (goes to skeletal muscle) -involuntary nervous system (goes to cardiac and smooth muscles)

Blood brain barrier

Smallest blood vessels located in brain Bacteria cannot fit in the blood vessels in brain

What does physiology

Study of how the body works

What does Anatomy mean?

Study of what makes up the body

Collagen fibers

Super strong, attract water

Neuron

Transmit a nerve pulse -for the most part they do not regenerate -dendrite:transmits no pulse towards cell body -Axon: transmit nerves Pulse away from cell body

Bicuspid vs Tricuspid

Tricuspid valve separates right atrium and right ventricle, bicuspid valve separates left atrium and left ventricle

Esophagus

Tube from larynx to stomach 10 inches long 4 layers- submucosa,mucosa,muscularis externa,and serosa

Impacted fracture

Two ends of bones jam in to each other

Frenulum

Under tongue, makes it so you can't swallow your tongue

Parietal lobe

Where temperature and pain is felt

Interlukin

White blood cell hormone

Leukocytes

White blood cells -kills virus, bacteria, and cancer cells -4000 to 11,000 white blood cells in 1 mL of blood -can double in one hour -leukopenia: having less than 4000 white blood cells Leukocytosis: having more than 11,000 white blood cells Can go in and out of blood vessels

Sodium potassium pump

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Synaptic cleft

space between two connecting neurons where neurotransmitters are released