Human anatomy ch. 6

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is _____ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues

dehydration

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with protein ____, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______

epidermis

hair is found almost everywhere on the body except

-Palms and soles -Ventral and lateral surfaces of fingers and toes -Distal segment of the finger -Lips, nipples, and parts of genitals

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ___ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ___ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___ month following their formation.

2, 2, 1

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

first degree burns, the healing time averages about _____ days, and typically no scarring occurs

3-5

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram.

A - merocrine sweat gland B - merocrine sweat duct C - sebaceous gland D - apocrine sweat gland

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ____, stratum _____, and stratum basale

Corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The main function of the melanin pigment is to protect the _____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

DNA

The two distinct layers of the integumentary consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ____ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the _____

Epidermis; dermis

sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of __\\\ glands of skin

Exocrine

In the layer of the epidermis called the _____, the process of keratinization begins

Grandulosum

Select all that apply. Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply

Granulosum, spinosum

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following

Protects the body; acts as an energy reservoir; provides thermal insulation

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called _____

Tactile cells

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

benign

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ____ and the protein they produce is called _____

keratinocytes, keratin

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living dead

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum

lucidum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

nucleus, DNA

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired

regeneration and fibrosis

The connective tissue fibers of the ____ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ____ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues

reticular; subcutaneous

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which of the most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ____

stratum basale

most superficial layer of epidermis

stratum corneum

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

sweat and sebaceous

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat and sebaceous

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

transpiration

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant

The stratum licidum is found only in

Thick skin

True or false: the reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm

True

Match the letter with the epidermal strata

a. stratum corneum b. stratum lucidum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum spinosum e. stratum basale