Human Anatomy: Exam 3

Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that

1, 2

A typical reflex are involves the following components:

3, 1, 4, 2, 5

There are ___________ pairs of spinal nerves, consisting of the following groups: _________ pairs of cervical, _______ pairs of thoracic, _________pairs of lumbar, __________ pairs of saccral, _______ pair of coccygeal spinal nerves.

31, 8, 12, 5, 5, 1

____________ (or sensory) impulses travel from the ___________ to the ____________.

Afferent, receptors, central nervous system

The spinal cord is protected by which of the following?

All of these choices

During a mugging, a person experiences an extreme level of fear. What portion of the limbic system is responsible for this and other emotional state?

Amygdala

What is not the three most common structural types of synapses?

Axonucleic

A neuron having one axon and one dendrite, such as those located in the retina or inner ear, are classified as ___________ neurons.

Bipolar

The lens of the eye flattens when

Ciliary muscles relax

All axons from the right optic nerve cross over at the chiasm and pass to the left side of the brain.

False

All cranial nerves are mixed nerves.

False

Complete paralysis of the diaphragm occurs if the spinal cord is crushed or destroyed just below C5 region.

False

Denticulate ligaments function to change the shape of the lens within the eye.

False

That lateral cerebral sulcus primarily seperates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobs.

False

The denticulate ligaments and the filum terminale are both structures that help to anchor the spinal cord and protect it against sudden displacement. They are both composed of an arachnoid matter.

False

The medullary pyramids contain the main sensory tracts that pass through the brain stem from the spinal cord; they are visible on that dorsal surface of the medulla.

False

Which of the following are heat receptors?

Free nerve endings

A __________ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Ganglion

The nucleus both excites and inhibits the activities of the thalamus to control to adjust muscle tone.

Globus pallidus

___________ matter contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and neuroglia.

Gray

The vast majority of the neurons in the body are __________.

Inerneurons

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs?

Interoceptors

Which of the following describes the blind spot?

It is where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

Mechanoreceptors

Which type of axons are found in the hypoglossal (XII) nerve?

Motor somatic

Which of the following statements is FALSE for spinal nerves?

None of the above because all choices are correct.

Which cells are nonfunctional in normal daylight?

Rods

Suppose you are on a spinning ride at an amusement part. As you whirl around and around with your eyes closed, you sense the rotation by means of which of the following?

Semicircular ducts

Three basic functions of the nervous system are ___________ function, __________ function, and _____________ function.

Sensory, integrative, motor

An oligodendrocyte contributes to the myelin sheath of ___________ axon(s), whereas a Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte) contributes to the myelin sheath of _________ axon(s).

Several, one

Which part of the brain filters sensory information and forwards only a fraction of it to the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus

Where are third-order neurons for hearing found?

The medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

What is the function of the auditory tube?

To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is called a/an _____________.

Tract

Cell bodies of motor neurons that supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands via the autonomic nervous system can be found in the lateral gray horns.

True

The hypothalamic mammillary bodies serve as a relay stations for reflexes related to the sense of smell

True

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing?

a, b, e, c, d

You have lost sensation, but not the movement, in one of your hands due to a problem with your spinal cord neurons. Based upon these symptoms, what type of neuron was most likely affected?

afferent neuron

A mid saggital section of the brain would pass through which of the following

all of these choices

A synapse is a functional junction between:

all of these choices

The gray matter of the spinal cord:

all of these choices

When compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons

are electrically insulated and have a faster speed of nerve impulse conduction

The basal nuclei (basal ganglia) _____________.

are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:

arises from the lumbar plexus

Which of the neuroglia would be most responsible for helping to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the brain from the blood?

astrocytes

A nerve is a structure that may contain:

axons, blood vessels, connective tissue, myelin

The first-order neurons of the visual pathway are the _______ cells of the retina.

bipolar

During a histological survey of nervous tissue, low columnar or cuboidal cells with cilia were observed under the microscope. What is the most likely source of the tissue sample?

brain ventricles

The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains ___________ tracts.

commissural

The white matter of the spinal cord:

contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) neurons

What is the best description of the pia matter?

contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

Which is a function of a vagus (X) nerve?

conveys impulses to visceral, cardiac, and skeletal muscles

The proper sequence of eye layers from the outermost to the innermost layer is

d, c, a

Select the structure(s) served by the axillary nerve.

deltoid muscle

Select the structure(s) served by the phrenic nerve.

diaphragm

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity?

e, a, c, d, b

List these events in the order for CSF flow in the CNS

e, c, d, a, b

Select the muscle(s) served by the femoral nerve.

extensor muscles of the knee joint

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

facial VII

Select the structure(s) served my the median nerve.

flexors of the wrist

Select the best description of the oligodendrocytes:

form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system

The precentral gyrus is in the _______ lobe of the cortex; it contains with primary __________ area.

fronal, motor

In lab you examine a nervous system tissue slide and identify satellite cells around a unipolar neuron of cell bodies. Which of the following classifications would be correct?

gray matter ganglion of PNS

Myelin is important in ___________.

insulating axons and increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the lateral ventricles travels through the ___________ to reach the third ventricle.

interventricular foramen

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the motor speech area (Broca,s area)?

left frontal lobe

A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

A main difference between neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia) is:

mature neurons do not normally divide; neuroglia do.

Dendrites are processes of a neuron that:

none of these choices

Which of the following contain cell bodies of interneurons?

posterior (dorsal) grey horns

Which of the following contains sensory information ONLY?

posterior (dorsal) root

Which of the following contain cell bodies of sensory neurons?

posterior (dorsal) root ganglia

Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?

somatic motor neurons

Cerebrospinal fluid is found between two layers of the meniges, in a space called the _______________.

subarachnoid space

That back of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations

that transmit all sensory and motor information between the upper and lower brain regions

Spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that:

the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus

Lateral grey horns are present in ALL segments of the ___________ spinal cord.

thoracic

Functional classification of neurons is based on __________.

whether the signal is carried is traveling toward or away from the CNS

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

white matter, tracts in the central nervous system