Human Behavior Exam 1

Parents who are warm and nurturing, set reasonable limits, and use negotiation and frequent verbal exchanges are labeled as using what type of parenting style? Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive-indifferent Permissive-indulgent

Authoritative

Jessie is being evaluated in the strange situation procedure. Jessie's mom places him on the floor of the play room and he crawls away from her. He does not look back or seek her attention the whole time he is in the play room. When his mother leaves the play room he does not notice she is gone and when she returns he does not want her to pick him up. He cries and stiffens his back when she tries to sit him in her lap. According to Ainsworth, what type or attachment might this baby be displaying? Insecure attachment Avoidant attachment Anxious attachment Disorganized attachment

Avoidant attachment

Life span theory assumes that change occurs across the lifespan. This assumption is also captured in which of the following developmental concepts? Biography Cumulative continuity Plasticity Self-Selection

Biography

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the evidence supporting the theory of developmental waves of cognitive development? Children always use more than one strategy to problem solve. Children master new strategies for problem solving quickly. When faced with difficult tasks, children use older, less efficient strategies Peer approval influences children's choice of strategy when working together.

Children master new strategies for problem solving quickly.

When David cries, he cries out loud. His mother has always had a hard time taking him anywhere. Crowds upset him. He hates changes in his routine. He spits out new foods. His mother has a hard time planning her day because she never knows when she will be able to get him down for his nap. He is so vigorous and demanding, she needs the nap more than he does. Which temperament type does David most likely have? slow to warm up Active Disorganized Difficult

Difficult

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of a child with fetal alcohol syndrome? Poorly developed philtrum Flattened midfacial area Enlarged head Thin upper lip

Enlarged head

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding asthma in preschool children? Asthma is the leading chronic illness among preschool children. For some children, asthma is purely psychological Asthma results in swollen lung tissue and narrowed bronchial tubes. Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in treatment.

For some children, asthma is purely psychological

Which of the following statements best describes preschool motor development? High energy level with gross motor skills outpacing fine motor skills High energy level with fine motor skills outpacing gross motor skills Low energy level with gross motor skills outpacing fine motor skills Low energy level with fine motor skills outpacing gross motor skills

High energy level with gross motor skills outpacing fine motor skills

Seth's mother is playing a game with him. She hides his favorite bear under a couch pillow. Seth pushes the pillow aside and picks up his bear. Seth is displaying problem solving object permanence memory primary circular reactions

object permanence

Sally anticipates something going wrong in almost any situation and worries about that possibility. Her unfocused worries cause her to doubt herself and her abilities. Sally likely has overanxious disorder. avoidant disorder. separation anxiety disorder. depressive disorder.

overanxious disorder.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about separation and loss in infancy? Infants may have several caregivers but can only form an attachment to one primary figure. Young babies do not need to be told of a separation in advance since they lack the necessary language skills to understand and would only become fearful and confused. The effects of early separation and loss are so devastating to an infant that they last a lifetime regardless of the subsequent care given to the child. With good, loving care, children may be able to overcome the effects of early deprivation.

With good, loving care, children may be able to overcome the effects of early deprivation.

From a multidimensional framework, the following statements are true EXCEPT biological processes, cognitive processes, and environments can increase the likelihood that a particular behavioral response will develop. a person's biological makeup can limit his or her capacity to respond to the environment in certain ways. a single factor can be solely responsible for causing a behavioral response. a person refers to who he or she is individually and socially or environmentally.

a single factor can be solely responsible for causing a behavioral response.

The term life course is defined as age-differentiated life patterns embedded in social institutions and subject to historical changes. the stable component of a direction towards a life destination. short-term state changes that are marked by life events. universal needs according to developmental stage.

age-differentiated life patterns embedded in social institutions and subject to historical changes.

At the end of the second week after fertilization (fourth week of gestation) when the fertilized ovum implants in the uterine lining, the fertilized ovum becomes an embryo a zygote a fetus a blastula

an embryo

The perspective of this textbook is a medical approach. a social approach. an integrative multidimensional approach. a psychological approach.

an integrative multidimensional approach.

Protective factors are any well-known event, experience, or circumstance that is associated with a positive developmental outcome. any well-known event, experience, or circumstance that is associated with a negative developmental outcome. any well-known event, experience, or circumstance that is associated with a neutral developmental outcome. not informative to understanding a developmental outcome.

any well-known event, experience, or circumstance that is associated with a positive developmental outcome

Fear, nightmares, and night terrors in preschool children are an indication that something is wrong. require assessment by a professional. are a normal part of development. are related to watching violent cartoons.

are a normal part of development.

A disorder that is typically present from birth, results in deficits in language, relationship, and motor skills, and is often associated with repetitive activities is referred to as ____________. autism mental retardation echolalia cerebral palsy

autism

The client's history of developmental milestones, including when the client took her first steps and had her first menses, is part of the ________ dimension. biophysical psychological social spiritual

biophysical

Fahlbery (1991) offered the following guidelines for children placed in foster care EXCEPT children should participate in their own placement decision. siblings should be placed in the same foster home whenever possible. caregivers should continue visiting the child in foster care. the child's previous caregivers should participate in the placement decision.

children should participate in their own placement decision.

Domestic violence is a risk factor for both a pregnant woman and her fetus. All of the following are complications of physical abuse of a woman during pregnancy EXCEPT increased risk of miscarriage. preterm labor. congenital defects. low birth weight.

congenital defects

An example of a physical hazard is exposure to lead in the environment. memory impairment. a lack of affordable health care. school rejection.

exposure to lead in the environment

Newborns CANNOT recognize their mother's voice. discriminate tastes. imitate facial expressions. focus on objects 24 inches away.

focus on objects 24 inches away.

The current perspective of the biopsychosocial approach focuses on life span rather than life course concepts. adheres to reductionist principles. Answer focuses on how biological, psychological, and social systems influence the current state of affairs. looks at how biological, psychological, and social systems lead up to specific developmental outcomes.

focuses on how biological, psychological, and social systems influence the current state of affairs.

In developing a case formulation, the practitioner is expected to gather information from many different sources. ignore information from family members. only trust information from the client interview. disregard psychological tests.

gather information from many difference sources.

It is important for parents of an infant with a disability to be happy that they had a baby who survived. feel guilty because they didn't wish for a "health baby." have an adequate social support network. quickly progress through the phases of grief, shock, and denial.

have an adequate social support network.

Public efforts to address childhood obesity have made no impact have actually made the problem worse. have helped to reduce obesity rates. have been really minimal.

have helped to reduce obesity rates.

The medical approach does NOT focus on treatment of identified diseases and disorders. imply that health is the absence of a disorder or disease. ignore problems of living ignore the illness.

ignore the illness.

An example of practicing from the strengths perspective is assuming young mothers can't care for their newborns. neglecting to mention a client's high level of motivation in a monthly report. incorporating a client's existing religious activities into a case plan as an informal support. only asking the client about their problems in an intake interview.

incorporating a client's existing religious activities into a case plan as an informal support.

Which of the following is NOT a level of system? Microsystem Middlesystem Exosystem Macrosystem

Middlesystem

Which of the following is a major tenet of crisis theory? People respond poorly in a crisis if they do not have someone with them to intervene. The type of crisis determines how a person will respond. People respond differently to a crisis depending on the environmental supports and psychological mediators available. Individual factors do not play much of a role in determining outcomes.

People respond differently to a crisis depending on the environmental supports and psychological mediators available.

Which of the following is NOT recommended as a technique to decrease aggressive behaviors in preschool children? Physical punishment Time-out Modeling conflict resolution strategies Designing environments with adequate play space and equipment

Physical punishment

During the last 2 months of gestation, what is a key aspect of the fetus's development? Rapid weight gain Grasp reflex development Rapid head growth Completed formation of eyes and eyelids

Rapid weight gain

Alan and Nancy have taken their child to the pediatrician for a check-up. They discuss a behavioral concern they have about the baby in her new play group. She seems fearful and clingy whenever they try to leave her to play with the other children. The doctor suggests they stay near the baby when they first go to the play group until she begins to venture away from them on her own. When she feels comfortable and is having fun they can go visit with the other parents. What type of temperament does this baby probably have? Easy Slow to warm up Difficult Quiet

Slow to warm up

What is the best way to help preschool children deal with negative emotions and fears? Ignore the problems and they will go away. Remind them they are too old to cry. Talk to them about their feelings and suggest ways for them to express their emotions productively. Encourage them to express their feelings freely in any manner they choose.

Talk to them about their feelings and suggest ways for them to express their emotions productively.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about attachment theory? The caregiver and the infant seem to both be biologically programmed to form an attachment. The infant forms an attachment with the caregiver because that person fulfills the infant's need for food. Adults do not instinctively know how to talk to a baby; they have to be instructed in the proper method. The primitive infant reflexes of grasping, sucking, and rooting are not appealing to parents, so these reflexes disappear quickly or they will interfere with attachment.

The caregiver and the infant seem to both be biologically programmed to form an attachment.

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning postnatal bonding? Bonding is an ongoing process between infants and caregivers. There are opportunities for attachment formation beyond the immediate postnatal period. The immediate postpartum period is the only opportunity for mothers to bond with their infants. Women who adopt babies have opportunities for attachment and bonding with their infants.

The immediate postpartum period is the only opportunity for mothers to bond with their infants.

The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale is used to assess the fetus's potential IQ personality. responsiveness to environmental stimulation. taste preferences.

responsiveness to environmental stimulation.

Nine-week-old Beth was brought to the emergency room of the hospital unresponsive. There were no obvious injuries on her body. A CAT scan of her head showed bleeding and bruising of the brain. Beth might be a victim of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. apnea lead poisoning shaken infant syndrome

shaken infant syndrome

As social workers we assume that the environment should receive priority in our assessments of human behavior. that professionals must operate from a single theory that provides scientific explanations of their subject area. that socialization is the most important contributor to a person's behavior patterns. that no single factor can account for behavioral responses.

that no single factor can account for behavioral responses

The learning approach assumes that people learn adaptive and maladaptive functioning emotional dimensions of the human experience influence behaviors. there are limits on behavior based on genetics and other biological influences. that people can be predisposed to specific behavioral responses that are unconscious.

that people learn adaptive and maladaptive functioning.

The multidimensional framework includes physical hazards and the biophysical dimension. physical hazards, the biophysical dimension, the psychological dimension, and the social dimension. the biophysical dimension, the psychological dimension, and the social dimension. biochemical systems, cell systems, organ systems, and physiological systems.

the biophysical dimension, the psychological dimension, and the social dimension.

Depression can interfere with parenting an infant in all of the following ways EXCEPT the depressed parent is less responsive to the infant. Possible Answer the depressed parent is less inclined to play with the infant. the depressed parent is less likely to change the infant's diapers. the depressed parent makes less eye contact when feeding the infant.

the depressed parent is less likely to change the infant's diapers.

The Apgar test helps determine the length of time expected for labor the maturity of the infant's lungs the general condition of the newborn immediately after birth the expected size of the infant at birth

the general condition of the newborn immediately after birth

Which of the following statements is FALSE about Native American adoptions? Adoptions involving Native American children require a release from the birth parents and the tribe. In order to reduce time in foster care for Native American children, Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act, which prohibits adoption decisions based solely on race, color, or national origin. In order to preserve cultural heritage, Native American tribes feel that Native American children need to be raised by Native American families. In the 50s and 60s, many Native American children were removed from their families and were deprived of their culture and heritage.

In order to reduce time in foster care for Native American children, Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act, which prohibits adoption decisions based solely on race, color, or national origin.

According to Erickson's stage theory, what developmental task must older preschool children master? Initiative vs. guilt Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Trust vs. mistrust Industry vs. inferiority

Initiative vs. guilt

Which of the following statements is TRUE about smoking during pregnancy? It can lead to birth defects. It decreases the level of carbon monoxide in a pregnant woman's blood. It doubles the risk of developmental disabilities. It increases the risk of physical birth defects.

It doubles the risk of developmental disabilities.

All of the following are social risks EXCEPT poor coping skills. high rates of unemployment. poverty. inadequate social institutions.

poor coping skills.

The 4 P's stand for personal, predisposing, promising, and perpetuating factor. predisposing, problematic, protective, and perpetuating factors. promising, predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors.

predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors.

The client's negative and positive perceptions of self, view of self with others, comparison of self with expectations of others, and perception of what others think about the person are represented on the ________ dimension. biophysical physiological psychosocial spiritual

psychosocial

Age norms represent the socially and culturally defined expectations for how people should behave at a specific point in the life span. the socially and culturally defined expectations for how people should behave at a specific point in history. personally defined expectations for how people should behave at a specific point in the life span. personally defined expectations for how people should behave at a specific point in history.

the socially and culturally defined expectations for how people should behave at a specific point in the life span

Cultural values and beliefs can be best evaluated through forced choice questionnaires. asking about explicit rules. their meaning to outsiders. their meaning for the people who practice them.

their meaning for people who practice them.

The following statements about biophysical, psychological, and social systems are true EXCEPT they are the three basic dimensions for assessing human behavior and the social environment. they do not interact with other living systems or with other nonliving components of the system's physical environment. they are conceptualized as a system of biopsychosocial functioning. they involve multiple systems that are organized in a hierarchy of levels from the smallest (cellular) to the largest (social).

they do not interact with other living systems or with other nonliving components of the system's physical environment.

According to Erikson, infancy is the stage of rapid growth and development obtaining object permanence. attachment trust vs. mistrust

trust vs. mistrust

37-41 weeks is the recommended minimum length of time to wait after a delivery before conceiving another child. the average length of time couples attempt to conceive a child. when the fetus is ready for life outside the uterine environment. the period of the fetus

when the fetus is ready for life outside the uterine environment.