Human Bio Exam #3 Study Guide

Umami

A fifth primary taste quality called ________ allows people to taste foods like Parmesan cheese, mushrooms,and soy sauce.

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

Activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?

Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.

All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one?

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

True

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body results in a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which results in an increase in breathing rate.

Epinephrine from the Adrenal Medulla

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding.This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?

A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time.

By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus?

Bicarbonate - Bound to Hemoglobin - Dissolved in Plasma

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

Neuroglial Cells.

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are

Cones

Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of

Astigmatism

Conditions resulting from irregularities in the shape of the lens or cornea

Cerebral Cortex

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following?

Autonomic

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system.

True

Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells.

False

During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates.

Epiglottis

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

Hypothalamus

During times of stress, which one of the following glands stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?

Cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina, accounting for visual acuity.

Each of the following statements about cones is TRUE, EXCEPT which one?

Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump.

Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one?

Hindbrain

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?

Parathormone levels in the body would increase.

If the level of calcium in the blood falls below the homeostatic level, which of the following would be true?

Dwarfism

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

promoting the entry of glucose into cells and out of the blood

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

Length of the Eyeball

Nearsightedness and farsightedness are caused by the

True

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood directly across the alveolar wall.

True

Pain receptors typically do not adapt.

True

Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.

True

Somatostatin functions to inhibit both insulin and glucagon.

Receptor Adaptation

Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following?

Outer

The ________ ear is the location of the pinna and auditory canal.

Inner

The ________ ear sorts sounds by tone and converts them into electrical impulses.

Residual volume

The air that remains in the the lungs after a forceful exhalation

Tidal Volume

The amount of air entering the lungs with every breath

3, 2

The anatomical design of the paired lungs makes them easy to distinguish; the right lung has ________ lobes,whereas the left side has ________ lobes.

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Dura Mater, Pia Mater, and Arachnoid.

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the

Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both spermatogenesis and egg development

The most accurate statement about FSH is ________.

it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands.

The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because

in the Medulla Oblongata.

The respiratory control center is located

False

The vestibular apparatus located in the middle ear is a system of fluid-filled chambers that is essential to the sense of hearing.

Interneurons

Transmit impulses within the central nervous system

Larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

Hypothalamus

Where is anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?

Motor

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions?

Asthma

Which of the following causes constriction of the bronchi and reduces air flow through the respiratory system?

Pneumothorax

Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung?

Increased Blood Pressure

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Chemically gated channels for sodium open.

Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

The pupil decreases in size.

Which one of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye?

Three sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and two potassium are pumped in

Which one of the following occurs with each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump?

Lens

Which one of the following parts of the eye is affected by cataracts?

Allow a person to taste food; Thermoreceptors

Which pair is incorrectly matched

Steroid; Nonsteroid

__________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.