Human Biology Chapter 9 (Digest)

According to the BMI chart, a healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. 25 to 29.9. 30 or higher. 40 or higher. 50 or higher.

18.5 to 24.9. *A healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI in the range of 25 to 29.9 is considered an overweight BMI. A BMI in the range of 30 or higher is considered an obese BMI. A BMI in the range of 40 or higher is considered a morbidly obese BMI. A BMI of 50 or higher is not measured on the BMI chart. Section: 09.06

The process of mechanical digestion includes breakdown of food particles by enzymes. physically making food smaller and easier to handle. churning of food in the muscular stomach. hydrolysis of nutrients. Both answer choices B and C are correct.

Both answer choices B and C are correct. *The process of mechanical digestion includes physically making food smaller and easier to handle by the churning of food. Section: 09.01

Why is bile a yellowish-greenish color? It contains pancreatic juices. It contains bilirubin. It contains biliverdin. It contains chlorophyll. It contains cholesterol.

It contains bilirubin. The yellowish-green color of bile is primarily due to the presence of bilirubin. Section: 09.04

Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue? muscle dentin taste buds mucous membrane sensory receptors

dentin *Dentin is found in teeth, not the tongue. Section: 09.02

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are internal bleeding and headaches. dehydration and itching. diarrhea and itching. diarrhea and bloating. shortness of breath and bloating.

diarrhea and bloating. *Lactose intolerance may cause diarrhea and bloating. Section: 09.03

Which of the following is not associated with the stomach? alcohol absorption gastric glands rugae duodenum pepsin

duodenum *The duodenum is part of the small intestine, not the stomach. Section: 09.03

What is the major function of the colon? digestion/absorption form feces churning foodstuffs passageway only eliminate iron

form feces *The major function of the colon is to form feces. Section: 09.05

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency? iodine copper zinc selenium manganese

iodine *Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and too little results in a thyroid deficiency. Section: 09.06

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis? brain lungs liver gallbladder spleen

liver *Since the liver removes iron from the blood, it is affected by hemochromatosis. Section: 09.04

Which of following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? liver salivary glands small intestines pancreas gallbladder

small intestines *The small intestines are part of the digestive system, not an accessory organ. Section: 09.01

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called frenula. sphincters. cannula. anastomoses. buccinators.

sphincters. *Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called sphincters. Section: 09.02

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the stomach. small intestine. mouth. large intestine. esophagus.

stomach *Pepsin acts in the stomach. Section: 09.03

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? to ingest food to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains to protect against pathogens

to protect against pathogens *The immune system protects against pathogens. Section: 09.01

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the epiglottis. uvula. pharynx. adenoid. cecum.

uvula *The uvula is the fleshy extension of the soft palate. Section: 09.02

Which vitamin is fat soluble? vitamin C vitamin E vitamin B6 vitamin B12 biotin

vitamin E *Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin. Section: 09.06

About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are young men. older women. young women. older men. seniors

young women. *Young women are most affected by anorexia nervosa. Section: 09.06

What type of hepatitis is usually acquired through blood transfusions or sexual contact? B A C D E

B *Hepatitis B is acquired through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or contaminated needles. Section: 09.04

What is the relationship between Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease? Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn's disease. They are two separate diseases but both affect only the colon. In Crohn's disease, the colon is affected, but in inflammatory bowel disease only the small intestine is affected. In Crohn's disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. *Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Section: 09.05

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet? Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body. Brain cells require glucose.

Brain cells require glucose *Brain cells require glucose and are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose. Section: 09.06

A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems? C and B12 C, E, and A D and C D, C, and E B12, C, and E

C, E, and A *Vitamins C, E, and A are believed to defend the body against free radicals and are therefore termed antioxidants. Section: 09.06

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the liver to increase its production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile? GIP CCK HCl ATP NAD

CCK *CCK or cholecystokinin causes the liver to increase in production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile. Section: 09.04

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them. It produces bile.

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine *The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Section: 09.04

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood. It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. *As an exocrine gland it secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland it secretes insulin into the blood. Section: 09.04

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do? Nothing. A high coliform count is normal. Nothing. This is good for oyster production. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to the oysters. Nothing. A high coliform count would be beneficial to humans who ate the oysters.

Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. *The officers should shut down the bay because this indicates fecal contamination of the water which could be harmful to people eating the oysters. Section: 09.05

Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect? Nuclease-DNA Lipase-fat Pepsin-protein Amylase-starch Trypsin-carbohydrates

Trypsin-carbohydrates *Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests proteins. Section: 09.03

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids? Remove skin from poultry. Broil rather than fry. Use butter instead of herbs and spices. Use lemon juice instead of salad dressing. Avoid packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats.

Use butter instead of herbs and spices. *Using butter instead of herbs and spices is not recommended for reducing dietary lipids. Section: 09.06

The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugars.

bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. *Dental caries or cavities occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar. Section: 09.02

What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine? lipase bile amylase pepsin maltase

bile *In the small intestines, bile serves as an emulsifying agent for fats. Lipase hydrolyzes fats. Amylase digests starch in the mouth. Pepsin digests proteins. Maltase digests carbohydrates. Section: 09.03

Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas? bile sodium bicarbonate amylase trypsin lipase

bile *The pancreas secretes all of these but bile. Section: 09.04

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? calcium iron magnesium sodium sulfur

calcium *Calcium is important for all of these. Section: 09.06

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods can cause LDL levels to increase. can cause HDL levels to decrease. can cause fatty acids to build up. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. *Eating foods with a high glycemic index can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. Section: 09.06

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________. neurological disorders peritonitis vitamin deficiencies cardiovascular disease asthma

cardiovascular disease *Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to cardiovascular disease. Section: 09.02

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called bolus. pepsin. chyme. lacteal. lipase.

chyme *The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme. Section: 09.03

Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine? many villi gastric pits brush border enzymes lacteals bile and lipase

gastric pits *Gastric pits are located in the stomach. Section: 09.03

Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub it was determined that it was not suffering from a heart attack but from diverticulitis. gastroesophageal reflux disease. gingivitis. peridontitis. inflammatory bowel syndrome.

gastroesophageal reflux disease. *GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also cause intense chest pain. Section: 09.02

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities? tonsils mandible and maxilla hard and soft palate cheeks salivary glands

hard and soft palate *The roof of the mouth, composed of the hard and soft palates, separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavities. Section: 09.02

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as mesenteries. lacteals. gastric glands. duodenal pits. microvilli.

lacteals. *The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as lacteals. Section: 09.03

When Sheree opened the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, it seemed to be filled with a dark brown organ. This is the liver. pancreas. gallbladder. stomach. large intestine.

liver *The largest gland in the body is the liver. It lies in the abdominal cavity. Section: 09.04

Which accessory organ of the digestive system will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification? liver gallbladder pancreas stomach small intestine

liver *The liver will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends it to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices and insulin. The stomach will secrete acid and digestive enzymes as well as absorb nutrients. The small intestine will mix chyme with digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, and secrete digestive enzymes into the blood. Section: 09.01

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract? mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, and anus

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus *The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.01

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa. mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. *The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside in order are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis, and the serosa. Section: 09.01

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called peritoneum. periosteum. peristalsis. perineum. peridontal.

peristalsis *The rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract that allow movement of foodstuff is called peristalsis. Section: 09.02

If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. diverticulitis. rickets. osteoporosis. cirrhosis.

peritonitis. *A burst appendix may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. Section: 09.05

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called cysts. villi. polyps. lacteals. wheals.

polyps. *Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon. Section: 09.05

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine? absorb iron absorb fats produce vitamin B produce bile absorb water

produce vitamin B *Resident bacteria in the large intestine serve to produce vitamin B, as well as vitamin K, and breakdown indigestible material. Section: 09.05

What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach? crypts lumens polyps rugae diverticula

rugae *The mucosa of the stomach has deep folds called rugae that greatly increase the capacity of the stomach. Section: 09.03

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? salivary lipase salivary protease salivary sucrase salivary amylase salivary lactase

salivary amylase *Salivary amylase initiates the process of starch digestion. Section: 09.02

The primary function of the stomach is to break down fats. store food, churn, and begin protein digestion. absorb major nutrients. package feces. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

store food, churn, and begin protein *The primary function of the stomach is to store food, churn, and begin digestion. Section: 09.03

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the mucosa. submucosa. muscularis. serosa. diverticulum.

submucosa. *The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the submucosa. Section: 09.01

The major portions of the large intestine include the duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the jejunum, colon, and anus. the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. *The major portions of the large intestine include the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.05