Human Biology: Digestive and Excretory Systems

Why does food need to be digested?

- Food needs to be digested into a simpler form. - Nutrients and sugar molecules are used by the cell to stay alive.

What do the digestive and excretory systems have in common? Both break down food. Both produce urine. Both get rid of waste material. Both filter out waste material.

Both get rid of waste material.

Which statement best describes the breakdown of food in the digestive system? Carbohydrate digestion starts in the stomach and protein digestion starts in the stomach. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth and protein digestion starts in the stomach. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the esophagus and protein digestion starts in the small intestine. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the small intestine and protein digestion starts in the esophagus.

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth and protein digestion starts in the stomach.

Where does the waste material in the body come from and why does the body need to get rid of these waste materials?

Cells produce waste materials. Waste materials can affect the health of the body.

Which statements correctly describe the digestive system? Select four options. - Food is cut into pieces in the mouth. - Food becomes dry in the mouth. - Proteins are broken down in the stomach. - Carbohydrates are first broken down in the stomach. - Food becomes mostly solid in the large intestine. - Fat is broken down into smaller droplets in the small intestine.

Food is cut into pieces in the mouth. Proteins are broken down in the stomach. Food becomes mostly solid in the large intestine. Fat is broken down into smaller droplets in the small intestine.

High blood pressure occurs when there is too much blood flowing through the blood vessels at one time. By changing the amount of water in the blood, blood pressure can change. The excretory system can help to lower blood pressure. Which would most likely occur in the kidney? - More water would be transferred from the nephron. - Less water would be absorbed into the nephron. - The amount of water in the bladder would decrease. - The amount of water in the blood would increase.

More water would be transferred from the nephron.

___ is the involuntary movement of the muscles that move food through the digestive system. Peristalsis Salivation Digestion Secretion

Peristalsis

What is peristalsis and where does it occur?

Peristalsis moves food through the digestive system. Muscles contract to push food along in the esophagus and intestines.

Which best describes the physical and chemical digestion of food? Physical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth; only chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine. Physical and chemicall digestion occur in the small intestine; only chemical digestion occurs in the mouth. Only physical digestion occurs in the stomach; chemical and physical digestion occur in the large intestine. Only physical digestion occurs in the large intestine; physical and chemical digestion occur in the stomach.

Physical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth; only chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Which occurs during digestion? The mouth only allows for physical digestion. The mouth only allows for chemical digestion. Chemical digestion prepares the food for physical digestion. Physical digestion prepares the food for chemical digestion.

Physical digestion prepares the food for chemical digestion.

Which best describes the movement through the nephron? Blood is passed into the nephron and removed through the urethra. Once waste materials exit the blood, they are removed in the urine. Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood. High quantities of sugars and water are excreted in the urine.

Some of the materials that exit the blood can be returned to the blood.

The digestive system and the excretory system both excrete waste. Which best describes how waste is secreted in each system? The digestive system excretes a liquid waste and the excretory system excretes a solid waste. Both systems excrete waste as a liquid. Both systems excrete waste as a solid. The digestive system excretes a solid waste and the excretory system excretes a liquid waste.

The digestive system excretes a solid waste and the excretory system excretes a liquid waste.

Which shows the best connection between the digestive and excretory systems? The digestive system fuels the cells and the excretory system rids the body of the cells' waste. The digestive system rids the body of the cells' waste and the excretory system fuels the cells. The digestive system does physical digestion while the excretory system carries out chemical digestion. The digestive system carries out chemical digestion while the excretory system does physical digestion.

The digestive system fuels the cells and the excretory system rids the body of the cells' waste.

Which is the temporary storage tank for urine? bladder stomach kidney urethra

bladder

Which structure of the excretory system mainly functions in filtration? ureter kidney urethra bladder

kidney

Which are structures of the excretory system? Select four options. kidney spleen bladder esophagus ureter urethra

kidney bladder ureter urethra

During digestion, water is both added and removed. Which area of the digestive system removes water? mouth esophagus liver large intestine

large intestine

Which action is a physical change in digestion? - producing enzymes for nutrient absorption - absorbing nutrients from food - mashing food with teeth - salivating to break food into carbohydrates

mashing food with teeth

In which part of the digestive system does a chemical change of the food first occur? mouth esophagus stomach liver

mouth

The functional unit of the kidney is the ___. nephron ureter urethra bladder.

nephron

Which is the proper order of structures that contact the substances removed from the blood? nephron → urethra → bladder → ureter urethra → ureter → bladder → nephron nephron → ureter → bladder → urethra urethra → bladder → ureter → nephron

nephron → ureter → bladder → urethra

Which structures of the digestive system, aside from the small intestine, release substances that help break down food in the small intestine? stomach and liver liver and large intestine pancreas and liver large intestine and pancreas

pancreas and liver

Which processes happen in the kidney? Select three options. - production of urine - storage of urine - production of enzymes that break down food - filtration of waste material from blood - reabsorption of sugar and water

production of urine filtration of waste material from blood reabsorption of sugar and water

Which is the last section of the digestive system? small intestine liver large intestine rectum

rectum

Once the teeth start grinding food, ___ is produced to make food moist and slippery.

saliva

Which plays both a role in physical and chemical digestion? teeth saliva gall bladder villi

saliva

Which might indicate to a doctor that there is an issue with someone's body chemistry? sugar in the blood sugar in the urine water in the urine water in the blood

sugar in the urine

Which is the role of the gall bladder? - to provide physical digestion - to store the liquid produced by the liver - to make the liquid that is stored in the liver - to decrease the chemical digestion

to store the liquid produced by the liver

Soon after blood is filtered through the nephrons, ___ is released from the body. sugar urine blood saliva

urine