Human Cognitive Ch.6

Which of the following would most likely be a detailed long-term memory? a. I just sat down. b. I was talking to that boy three months ago. c. I talked to my cousin Amelia on the phone six months ago. d. I was talking to that girl just before class.

I was talking to that girl just before class.

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from the case of H.M., who had an operation to help alleviate his epileptic seizures? a. Short-term and long-term memories are controlled by different mechanisms. b. The hippocampus is necessary for forming new LTMs. c. Short-term and long-term memories can operate independently of each other. d. LTMs are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus.

LTMs are unaffected by damage to the hippocampus. **

________ memories are to experiences as ________ memories are to facts. a. Semantic; implicit b. Episodic; semantic c. Implicit; episodic d. Procedural; episodic

Episodic; semantic

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory? a. I remember "volcano" was the first word on the list Juan read to me. b. I remember my earth science teacher telling me how volcanoes erupt. c. I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes. d. I remember seeing a volcano erupt in Hawaii last summer.

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

Which of the following is NOT an example of semantic memory? a. I remember that more than 33% of U.S. drivers have admitted to using a cell phone when driving. b. I remember that experiments have shown that talking on cell phones can impair driving ability. c. I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability. d. None of the above (a, b, and c are all examples of semantic memory)

I remember the day we learned about how talking on cell phones can impair driving ability.

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates a. A partial-report procedure b. The phonological similarity effect c. The cocktail party phenomenon d. A build-up and release of proactive interference

A build-up and release of proactive interference

A study participant is given a list of words to remember. One week later, he recalls the list. Let's say that one of the list words was PEAR. Which of the following, none of which actually appeared on the list, would be most likely incorrectly recalled if the participant doesn't remember PEAR? a. PAIR b. APPLE c. REAR d. BEAR

APPLE

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memories? a. Autobiographical memories are highly accurate from as early as 3 months of age. b. When autobiographical memories are impaired, the episodic content contained within them will cause a blockage of access to related semantic content. c. It is not possible to have an autobiographical memory that has only semantic or episodic content but not both. d. Autobiographical memories can involve both episodic and semantic content.

Autobiographical memories can involve both episodic and semantic content.

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory? a. Because it is based on motor skills like procedural memory is. b. Because it usually involves memory for the episode in which it occurred. c. Because you have to make an effort to learn the association between the neutral and conditioned stimulus. d. Because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Because it is involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Which task below would most likely be used to test for implicit memory? a. Recalling the names of popular fairy tales b. Recognizing words that had been presented in an earlier list c. Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied d. Matching Spanish vocabulary words with their English translations

Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied

People who suffer from alcohol abuse may suffer from ________ brought on by Korsakoff's syndrome, and be unable to form new long-term memories. a. agnosia b. the serial effect c. amnesia d. the primacy effect

amnesia**

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had a. just seen the singer on TV. b. attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend. c. recently seen the singer on TV and read about the singer in a magazine. d. just read about the singer in a magazine.

attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

Explicit memory is to _____ as implicit memory is to _____. a. primacy; recency b. aware; unaware c. episodic; semantic d. self; others

aware; unaware

Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to _______. a. declarative; nondeclarative b. nondeclarative; declarative c. semantic; episodic d. episodic; semantic

declarative; nondeclarative

When investigating the serial position curve, presenting the word list at a slower pace a. has no effect on the curve b. increases the primacy effect c. decreases the recency effect d. increases both the primacy and the recency effect

decreases the recency effect

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds a. increases both the primacy and the recency effects. b. decreases the recency effect. c. increases the primacy effect. d. has no effect on the curve.

decreases the recency effect.

Two types of declarative memory are ________ and ________ memory. a. semantic; implicit b. implicit; episodic c. episodic; semantic d. procedural; episodic

episodic; semantic

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for the ______ of a list. a. first five words b. middle five words c. last five words d. first five and last five words

first five and last five words

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to get rid of the recency effect is to a. have participants say "la, la, la" while studying the list. b. have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list. c. have participants see the words on a screen, rather than hear them. d. present the list more slowly.

have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list.

A patient suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome, such as "Jimmy G" who is described in your text, would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty? a. Following a story in a book b. Solve problems that take more than a few moments to figure out c. Recognizing people he has recently met d. identifying a photograph of his childhood home

identifying a photograph of his childhood home

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ____ memory does not depend on conscious memory. a. implicit and procedural b. personal semantic and remote c. semantic and episodic d. declarative and non-declarative

implicit and procedural**

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects a. intact procedural memory but defective episodic memory. b. intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory. c. intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory. d. intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests a. intact episodic memory but defective procedural memory. b. intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory. c. intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory. d. intact procedural memory but defective semantic memory.

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ________ memory. a. short-term b. long-term c. implicit d. sensory

long-term

Which of the following involves procedural memory? a. Knowing how it feels to be scared b. Recalling a childhood memory c. Knowing how an automobile engine works d. reading a sentence in a book

reading a sentence in a book

The primacy effect is attributed to a. recall of information stored in LTM b. a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list c. recall of information still active in STM d. forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items

recall of information stored in LTM

This multiple choice question is an example of a _____ test. a. recall b. recognition c. word-completion d. personal semantic memory

recognition

Suppose you have been studying your French vocabulary words for several hours and are making many mistakes. You switch to reviewing the new terms for your upcoming biology test, and your performance is noticeably better. You are experiencing a. release from proactive interference. b. retroactive inhibition. c. disinhibition. d. the self-reference effect.

release from proactive interference.

The predominant type of coding in LTM is a. visual. b. phonological. c. concrete. d. semantic.

semantic.

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true a. only when we are aware we've seen them before. b. simply because we have been exposed to them before. c. unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false. d. only when we agree with them.

simply because we have been exposed to them before.

One way to ensure that a person does not remember that a word was presented to them in the past (when testing priming) is to a. test patients with amnesia. b. employ multiple rounds of repetition priming. c. utilize proactive interference when administering the memory task. d. use backward instead of forward priming.

test patients with amnesia.

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ____ is crucial for the formation of LTMs. a. vitamin B1 b. deep processing c. synaptic consolidation d. the hippocampus

the hippocampus

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory? a. the self-reference effect b. the propaganda effect c. release from proactive inhibition d. encoding specificity

the propaganda effect

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that a. it always leads to episodic memory for events. b. we are not conscious we are using it. c. people use it strategically to enhance memory for events. d. it is enhanced by the self-reference effect.

we are not conscious we are using it.