human development prepu
A postmenopausal client is told at her routine gynecological exam that the primary care provider has found a cyst on her right ovary. The nurse notices that this does not cause worry for this client. What should the nurse and/or care provider tell this client?
"After menopause a mass on an ovary is not a cyst and should be considered cancerous until proven otherwise."
The parent of an infant who developed hydrocephalus while in utero is very concerned that the child will have significant intellectual dysfunction. The best response to the parent would be:
"Because the skull sutures are not fused there may be no brain damage."
A nurse is obtaining the history of a child, age 4. Which question best evaluates the child's developmental status?
"Can you ride a tricycle?"
A nurse is conducting a group session for parents of toddlers recently diagnosed with autism. Which parent statement indicates a need for additional teaching?
"Children with autism may be overwhelmed by rules and structure."
When educating parents on recessive genetic disease statistics, the nurse understands that which statement by the parents indicates an accurate understanding of genetic inheritance?
"Each child will have a 25% chance of developing the disease."
The nurse has completed an educational program on normal growth and development in children. Which statement by a participant would indicate a need for further education?q
"I am so glad I can get rid of all of those bath toys because they take up so much room."
Which statement by the parent of a 12-month-old child diagnosed with Down syndrome shows the need for further education?
"I will need to delay any further immunizations."
The nurse is talking with the grandparent of an infant born at 32 weeks' gestation to an adolescent mother who states, "I am concerned my grandbaby will have developmental problems." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
"The risks of developmental concerns are heightened for your grandchild."
The parents of an 18-month-old toddler are concerned that their toddler no longer makes eye contact, does not respond to their smiles or other facial expressions, does not point to toys, and no longer speaks. They said that their toddler used to be able to say "mama" or "dada." The parents started noticing these changes in behavior 3 months ago. Which information can be provided to the parents?
"There are many behaviors that can be thought of as signs of autism spectrum disorders, but only a health care provider can confirm the diagnosis."
The mother of a child with Turner syndrome asks the nurse what the physician meant when the disease was explained as monosomy of the X chromosome. The nurse explains the syndrome as having which of the following characteristics?
"There is one X chromosome."
The parent of a 20-month-old toddler reports the toddler has been becoming distraught when the parent leaves. The parent asks the nurse for advice about what is going on and how to best manage it. What information can be provided?
"This is a normal happening for a toddler of this age." "As your toddler begins to learn that you will return the toddler will become less upset." "Establishing a routine for saying goodbye to your toddler will be helpful."
A 3 1/2 year-old child is found masturbating in the family living room. Which response by the parent would best address this behavior?
"We do not touch ourselves in public. Please go to your room if you want to continue this behavior."
Each human cell has how many different chromosome pairs?
23
A nurse is counseling a couple who have a 5-year-old daughter with Down syndrome. The nurse recognizes that their daughter's genome is represented by which chromosome combination?
47XX21+
The nurse is providing parental anticipatory guidance to promote healthy emotional development in a 12-month-old boy. Which statement best accomplishes this?
A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security.
A clinician who works on a cardiac care unit of a hospital is providing care for a number of clients. Which client most likely has a genetic disorder arising from inheritance of a single gene?
A tall, thin, myopic, 28-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse.
The nurse is planning care for a 6-hour-old neonate who has been born with cleft palate. What aspect of care should the nurse prioritize?
Adequate nutrition
The gene responsible for a particular congenital cardiac anomaly is said to have complete penetrance. What are the clinical implications of this fact?
All the individuals who possess the gene will exhibit the anomaly.
A young couple are very excited to discover they are pregnant and ask the nurse when to expect the baby. Based on a July 20 LMP, which day will the nurse predict for delivery?
April 27
Spina bifida, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and muscular dystrophy are all examples of which type of disability?
Developmental
The nurse is caring for a geriatric client. The client is ordered Lanoxin (digoxin) tablets 0.125mg daily for a cardiac dysrhythmia. Which of the following assessment considerations is essential when caring for this client?
Digoxin level
Enzymes that assist in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) defects by recognizing the defect, cleaving the abnormal chain, and then removing the distorted regions are known as:
Endonucleases
A nurse is assessing a patient's level of independent functioning. Which tool would the nurse most frequently use?
Functional Independence Measure
A 41-year-old pregnant woman and her husband are anxiously awaiting the results of various blood tests to evaluate the fetus for potential Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and spina bifida. Client education should include which information?
Further testing will be required to confirm any diagnosis.
The middle adult is sometimes called the "sandwich generation". According to Erikson, the developmental task of the middle adult is what?
Generativity versus stagnation
The nurse assessing a child with osteogenesis imperfecta notes that the child has blue sclera, hearing problems, and dental problems. The nurse recognizes the child most likely has which type of osteogenesis imperfecta?
I
The nurse is assessing a prepubertal male with fragile X syndrome. Assessment findings would include:
Large testes
The nurse is educating a new parent about what type of physical activities the infant will be able to achieve in the first year. What activities will the nurse discuss with the parent?
Manipulate building blocks Crawl on all fours Ambulation may start
Which factor contributes to an infant developing macrosomia (large body size)?
Maternal diabetes
Multifactorial inheritance is similar to polygenic inheritance because both involve which of these?
Multiple alleles at different loci
A 15-year-old girl is in the hospital for surgery and is confined to bed. The nurse can tell that the client is nervous about being in the hospital. She tells the nurse that she feels "gross" and "on display" in her hospital gown. What should the nurse do to encourage a sense of autonomy and dignity related to the girl's body image?
Offer to assist the girl in washing her hair and let her pick the shampoo.
A client is experiencing anorexia related to the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Using Maslow's hierarchy, the nurse identifies this as a reflection of which need?
Physiologic needs
The nurse knows that during the transcription process, which of these is true of RNA?
Polymerase attaches to DNA.
What is the nursing focus when the nurse performs a hearing test on a newborn infant?
Preventing developmental delays
Based on the theory of transference, if a client's childhood experiences teach the client to mistrust authority figures, the client will do what as an adult?
Resist advice given by the mental health care professionals
Which symptoms support the diagnosis of the autosomal recessive disorder Tay-Sachs disease?
Severe mental deterioration originating in infancy
A nurse is assessing an adolescent client with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). What factors influence the development of this disorder in the adolescent?
Temperament of the adolescent Peer group of the adolescent Behavior of parents
An infant is to have a scalp-vein intravenous infusion begun. What is an advantage of this insertion site?
The scalp veins are easily visualized.
The genetic counselor is explaining structural changes in chromosomes that result from breakage and rearrangement of chromosome parts. The pattern that occurs when there are simultaneous breaks in two chromosomes, from different pairs, with exchange of chromosome parts is:
Translocation
The provider receives fetal karyotype results on one of his clients. The karyotype describes an absence of all or part of the X chromosome. Which condition does the fetus exhibit?
Turner syndrome
Select the base used in transmitting genetic information needed for protein synthesis that replaces thymine in a ribonucleic acid (RNA) structure.
Uracil
According to Maslow, mentally healthy people who achieve self-actualization are able to do what?
Use varied approaches to solve problems
The nurse is explaining the phases of the uterine cycle to a client. What action during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle should the nurse include in the teaching session with the client?
While the ovarian follicles are producing increased amounts of estrogen, the endometrium prepares for possible fertilization with pronounced growth.
An infant is brought to the emergency room with dehydration due to vomiting. After several failed attempts to start an IV, the nurse observes a scalp vein. When accessing the scalp vein, the nurse should use:
a winged infusion needle.
A pregnant client has heard about Down syndrome and wants to know about the risk factors associated with it. What would the nurse include as a risk factor?
advanced maternal age
The nurse is providing care to a group of clients in an acute care facility. The client most likely to prefer a room that is warm as well as wearing thermal blankets is the client who is:
aged 74 years.
The nurse is explaining the quality of pleiotropism that is possessed by many cytokines. The quality of pleiotropism implies that such cytokines:
are able to act on different types of cells.
A group of nursing students are studying information about childhood cancers in preparation for a class examination. They are reviewing how childhood cancers differ from adult cancers. The group demonstrates understanding of the information when they identify what location as an unlikely site for childhood cancer?
bladder
A nurse is analyzing a journal article presenting statistics concerning newborn and infant health. Which condition has been determined to be the most likely cause of infant mortality in the United States?
congenital abnormalities
The nurse is preparing a 4-year-old to go visit an older sibling in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). What teaching method would best help in this child's preparation?
dolls
The most critical time for teratogenic influence in embryonic development is:
from day 15 to day 60 after conception
The nurse is creating an educational pamphlet for pregnant mothers. Which is the best description of fetal development for the nurse to emphasize?
gestational age, length, weight, and systems developed
The nurse explains to prospective parents that AA or aa in a Punnett square represent two alleles of a given pair that are the same, or:
homozygotes.
Which client has more extracellular fluid?
newborn
A 9-year-old child is newly diagnosed with asthma. The nurse plans to teach the child about triggers related to the diagnosis. What would be the best approach for this child?
play an allergy trivia game with the child
The nurse is caring for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes. The nurse teaches blood glucose monitoring by allowing the child to practice checking the blood sugar of a toy bear dressed in a hospital gown. The nurse recognizes this approach to be appropriate for what age level?
preschool age (3 to 5 years)
A nurse is caring for a group of pediatric clients. The nurse understands that which age group would most likely identify their pain as punishment for past behavior?
preschool or toddler (age 2-5 years)
A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3750 g) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9300 g). The nurse determines:
the child weighs less than expected for age.
Which assessment finding leads the nurse to suspect a child has Blount disease (tibia vara)?
unilateral rotational deformity of the proximal tibia
The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old postoperative PET client. Which consideration is the most appropriate for this child's developmental stage?
uses words for pain such as owie, boo-boo, or hurt