Human Geography *WARNING not all answers are correct!*

All of the following are steps the country of Morocco took to increase gender equality in society except __________.

B. the elimination of family planning clinics

According to the ILO, how many people are working by force or under coercion?

C. 12.3 million

Women make up 45% of the world's workforce. What percentage of these women live in poverty?

C. 70%

The Silk Road was a major trade route between __________ and __________.

C. Asia . . . Europe

Which of the following statements about forced labor is false?

C. Forced labor typically is seen only in countries in the developing world.

__________ are the most-utilized method of transporting goods within the United States.

C. Freeways

Which of the following is not a reason why pandemic diseases led to the destruction of early cities?

C. Governments were unprepared and did not have necessary evacuation plans to accommodate the sick

Established during the Middle Ages, guilds were associations of skilled artisans designed to institute quality standards, establish training programs, and set prices in industries such as glassblowing or masonry. What most likely happened to the guild system following industrialization?

C. Guilds likely became less powerful as artisans were replaced by machinery.

In the __________, the Mohenjo-Daro civilization created cities that were built in organized grids.

C. Indus Valley

What was the most significant aspect of Henry Ford's assembly line process?

C. It reduced production costs, which allowed the products to be more affordable

Why is eliminating child labor problematic?

C. Many families depend on their children's incomes to survive.

The Maya and Aztec civilizations were early __________ civilizations.

C. Mesoamerican

Which of the following statements does not describe microcredit loans?

C. Microcredit loans are interest-free.

Henry Ford's famous __________ was one of the world's first mass-produced and affordable automobiles.

C. Model T

Oxfam America, Doctors Without Borders, and the Red Cross are examples of __________.

C. NGOs

Which of the following nations or regions does not dominate the global marketplace?

C. South Asia

Based on your knowledge of industrialization, which of the following statements best describes what is happening in this photo, taken in the US around 1910?

C. The children pictured here likely worked a 12-hour day, six days a week, for about one dollar a week

Which of the following was not an effect of the Ford assembly line?

C. The price of cars increased as demand increased

Which of the following statements about female illegal migrant workers is false?

C. Their wages usually are higher than similar formal sector jobs in the same economy.

__________ training is that which pertains to a particular business or occupation.

C. Vocational

Which of the following professions is most similar to an MNC?

C. a traveling salesperson with business offices in different cities and countries

When explaining city growth through the multiple nuclei model, geographers acknowledge that modern cities do not always follow strict patterns of growth because of __________.

C. changes to modern transportation

The term proximity means __________.

C. closeness

Physical systems that serve as framework for city growth are called __________.

C. infrastructure

An __________ is an __________ that has been modified so that it is more useful.

C. innovation . . . invention

The International Monetary Fund makes __________ loans to countries based on specific goals and conditions.

C. installment

All of the following were factors important to the development of early civilizations, except __________.

C. mineral resources

Countries that join the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must commit to __________.

C. pursuing stable economic policies

Which of the following countries is the largest shareholder in the World Bank?

C. the United States

Which of the following goals was not one of the reasons for the development of the Interstate Highway System?

C. to discourage the use of flight to travel between cities

Which of the following best describes the goal of cap and trade?

C. to limit the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere

What was the primary reason for the high death toll in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?

B. There were no legal requirements for fire exits, sprinkler systems, or safety inspections.

Which of the following is not a way in which MNCs typically promote economic growth within a host country?

B. They always provide retirement and other benefits.

Which of the following statements best identifies how the growth of the city of Los Angeles affected the Owens River Valley?

B. Water was diverted from the river valley to supply drinking water to Los Angeles.

Many international cultures are becoming westernized. Which of the following scenarios would best symbolize the effect of this process on indigenous cultures?

B. a scale tipping heavily in one direction

The US labor movement began in the _____.

A. 1930s

Which of the following statements about the Grameen Bank is false?

A. About half of the borrowers are women.

What is the main difference between airports of the early 1920s and international airports of the 1930s

A. Airports in the early 1920s catered to municipal and regional travel, while airports in the 1930s served as hubs for travel between countries.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an example of how environmental policies have resulted in the reversal of environmental damage?

A. Banning CFCs has resulted in the shrinking of a hole in the ozone above Antarctica.

Politcal, social, and economic opportunities are more available to women, ethnic and religious minorities, and other underrepresented populations in --

A. Cultures that embrace democracy and individual freedoms

Which of the following statements about demographics and transportation in eastern cities is false?

A. Eastern cities were the first to have urban freeways and expressways.

The ancient god of the Nile River was __________.

A. Hapi

The __________ of the Indus River Valley is well known for their carefully planned city sites built in organized grids.

A. Harappan civilization

Which type of land-use model is shown on the chart above?

A. Hoyt

Which of the following statements best summarizes the effects of the London Fog of 1952?

A. Pollution from coal fires caused over 4,000 deaths, leading the British government to change their outlook on pollution.

Which of the following statements about workplace safety is false?

A. Risks of deaths from occupational disease are outpaced only by the risk of accidental deaths.

What role do teenagers play in the westernization of the world?

A. Teens are one of the biggest groups of consumers.

Which of the following statements about places where education for women is not valued is false?

A. Women marry later and have fewer children.

Which of the following best describes asbestosis?

A. a breathing disorder caused by inhaling asbestos fibers

Which of the following is an example of the built environment?

A. a park

Which of the following is not a role of the IMF?

A. helping reduce poverty worldwide

Factory owners may tolerate sweatshop conditions in an effort to keep production __________ and costs __________.

A. high . . . low

According to estimates, the majority of child laborers work __________.

A. in agriculture, mainly on family farms

Moving from an economy based on agriculture and handcrafted products to one based on the large-scale production of goods using machines is called __________.

A. industrialization

The city of London struggled to control sanitation. As a result, __________ infested the streets of early London and contributed to the spread of the bubonic plague.

A. rats

Because job specialization gave city residents more leisure time, residents had more time to devote to developments such as __________.

B. education and the arts

Civil society organizations focus efforts on __________.

B. finding long-term solutions to poverty and creating a greater quality of life for all people

Which four principles does the United Nations Global Compact for multinational corporations address?

B. human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anti-corruption

To obtain a microcredit loan, a person typically must __________.

B. provide collateral and sign paperwork

The primary mission of the World Bank today is to __________.

B. reduce poverty around the globe

Countries that are on the rise economically and growing in importance in the global economy but still have large numbers of the population living in poverty are considered __________ economies.

B. semi-periphery

Microcredit loans typically are used to __________.

B. start a small business out of one's home

Which model for city growth states that cities grow outward along transportation routes, forming shapes like spokes on a wheel?

B. the Hoyt model

Which early urbanized area is commonly called the Fertile Crescent?

B. the Indus River Valley

The first federal minimum wage was established in _____.

B. 1938

Which of the following statements is not part of Christaller's central place theory?

B. Cities grow like spokes on a wheel from an epicenter.

Which of the following was not a reason why natural disasters unpredictably destroyed cities?

B. Cities lacked strong military defenses, and fire often was used as a weapon.

What was the primary cause of the London Fog of 1952?

B. Cold air led to heavy use of coal, and the smoke from the coal fires was trapped close to the ground by a temperature inversion.

What happened in Bhopal, India, in 1984?

B. Deadly gases from a pesticide factory killed 20,000 people.

Which of the following statements about dangers to early cities is false?

B. Guilds and disreputable traders led to the economic decline of early cities.

Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of the early commercial airline industry?

B. It provided faster travel between cities.

The __________ was one of the world's first subway systems, opening in 1863.

B. London Underground

Which ancient civilization relied primarily on underground rivers, springs, and lakes to support their cities?

B. Mesoamerican

__________ are small loans extended to people in poverty, typically those who are unable to get normal business loans.

B. Microloans

Which of the following statements about Sweden's efforts to eliminate gender inequality is false?

B. Swedish women earn slightly less than American women do, in comparison to men's salaries in the same profession.

The public space for government speech in ancient Athens was called __________.

B. the Pnyx

In which of the following scenarios would the WTO be criticized?

D. A Japanese textile company purchases US cotton instead of Kenyan cotton.

Which of the following statements best assesses the significance of the Minamata disaster?

D. It was the first officially recognized case of the industrial pollution of seawater.

The remains of the early civilizations of Mesoamerica are found in modern-day __________.

D. Mexico and Guatemala

Which of the following cities is a example of a grid city?

D. Mohenjo-Daro

Which of the following statements about equal societies is false?

D. More equal societies have lower literacy rates for women.

Which of the following statements about women in the workforce is false?

D. More than half of women work in all countries in the industrialized world.

Which of the following statements does not describe NGOs?

D. NGOs must be unaffiliated with a religion.

Which of the following statements about urbanization is false?

D. Rural areas traditionally have been inhabited by wealthy people who do not need the benefits of a city.

Which of the following statements about pay and promotion equality is false?

D. Women are as likely as men to hold senior management positions.

The city of Rome was destroyed by __________ in 65 CE.

D. a major fire

Which resources are significantly polluted by heavy metals like mercury?

D. both A and B

What are pandemic diseases?

D. diseases that spread over a large area and affect large numbers of people

The __________ system, which developed in Europe, began when groups of artisans banded together to establish prices and support their trade.

D. guild

Many products and services are available to the global society as a result of the WTO. Which of the following goods or services would not fall under WTO jurisdiction?

D. health care

Providing financial assistance for smaller nations' economic negotiating teams and increasing the bargaining powers of these nations __________.

D. is one strategy the WTO has used to deflect criticism of its policies

Wealthy residents of cities are more likely to have access to good transportation. According to the Burgess model for city growth, where would wealthy residents choose to live?

D. on the edge of the city

Those who believe that sweatshops should not be closed down point out that __________.

D. people work in sweatshops because it is their best alternative

Tokyo Bay has been rising for the last 150 years. In the process, it has reclaimed land from the city of Tokyo.

false

Since the 1970s, many nations have entered into treaties to control the occurrence of acid rain, the thinning of the ozone layer, and the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.

True

Major cities in the western US are more likely to be older than major cities on the Atlantic Coast.

false

The development of rail and automobile transportation has shaped the growth of US cities, while the development of flight has led to their decline.

false

Which totally revolutionized industry by increasing efficiency?

the factory system

Climate influences the design of human structures, and human structures can influence climate.

true

In the United States, women earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns.

true