Human Growth & Development Exam

the information-processing theory if development likens human cognitive process to the functions of a ________.

computer

most older adults live _____________.

independently

the average age of the onset pf puberty is girls is ________, while the average age of onset pf puberty in boys is _________.

11 years & 13 years

in _________ conditioning, a neutral stimulus elicits a response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus.

classical

a(n) ___________ is the process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their years.

life review

_______ are psychological structures that organize information and regulate behaviors.

schemes

traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ___ of higher.

130

colleges usually refer to students over the age of __ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood.

25

how many stages of labor are there?

3

how many chromosomes are found in the organism that result from the union of a human sperm cell and en egg cell?

46

roughly half of young adults in the United States of America return to their parents' home at least once after they have moved out.

True

for most adults, the decision to remain single is _______________________________.

a gradual one that developed over time

basic emotions include all EXCEPT which of the following?

apathy

in order to assess the physical health of a newborn baby, an obstetrician would adding ratings according to the _____ scale. if the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s) he is considered to be in good physical condition.

apgar

adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ________.

autonomy

why is it at 22 weeks is considered the earliest "age if viability" for an unborn child?

because this is the age by which the child's systems are functioning well enough to potentially sustain life outside of the mother's body

infant mortality rate is defined as the percentage of infants who die _________________________.

before their first birthday

___________ is the state or condition caused by loss through death.

bereavement

individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted __________.

body image

focusing on how people think and how those thinking processes change over time is the central feature of the ________________________ theory.

cognitive-developmental

the third stage of piaget's theory of cognitive development which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____________________.

concrete operational

which of the following represents the correct order in which speech skills develop in babies?

crying, cooing, babbling

the ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects _________ reasoning.

deductive

which of the following BEST summarizes the current thinking in human development with regard to the nature and nurture question?

development is always shaped by both nature- and nurture-related factors

a style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called ________________.

direct instruction

according to _______ systems theory, learning to walk involves many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific goals.

dynamic

by proposing a five-stage model of the way people approach dying, _____________________ changed our understanding of how people consider their own deaths.

elizabeth kübler-ross

once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ______.

embryo

according to ____________, adolescents face a crisis between identity and rile confusion. they must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.

erik erikson

the practice of ending one's life for the purpose of mercy is called __________.

euthanasia

a(n) ______ is someone who is much better at a task than people who have not put much effort into that task.

expert

there are three fundamental characteristics of human development, according to your authors. which of the following is NOT one of them?

external and internal

teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents...

fail to monitor their activities

the ______ and medical leave act if 1993 entitles workers to take unpaid time off from work to take care of their dependents with the right to return to their jobs.

family

_____ older adults are those older individuals who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders.

frail

a __________ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.

friendship

an individual's sense of themselves as a male or female is their _______________.

gender identity

_____ is the sorrow, hurt, anger guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss.

grief

a "do not resuscitate" order pertains to efforts to restore functioning of the ______.

heart

monozygotic is to _________ as dizygotic is to __________

identical & fraternal

which BEST describes the relationship between biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces in human development?

independent

aging is a(n) __________ process involving many variations across people.

individual

according to erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial of ___________________.

intimacy versus isolation

the number of years a person can expect to live is his or her _________.

longevity

between the ages of two and five, children develop a theory of ____, which refers to a naïve understanding of the relationship between thoughts and behaviors.

mind

a primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is _____________________.

motor vehicle accidents

________ concerns the way in which we express the feelings that we have following a loss.

mourning

marjorie believe that he husband, tom, is an excellent father because he was born with a gentle nature and an abundance of patience. tome, on the other hand, believes that he is a good father because he learned to be one from his own parents, which fundamental question of human development does this issue address?

nature and nurture

the most basic unit in the brain and nervous system of a human being is the ______.

neuron

retirement involves the loss of _____________________.

occupational identity

the most rapidly growing segment of the United States population is the group of people...

over the age of 85

__________ care focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms at ANY point during the disease process.

palliative

what are the "pieces of bread" on either side of the "sandwich generation?"

parents and children

___________ disease is known mostly for its characteristic motor systems, including slow walking, difficulty getting in an out of chairs, and tremors.

parkinson's

a rite of _______ involves a ritual ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood.

passage

__________ is the process by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation.

perception

fathers tend to emphasize ____________ as they interact with their babies.

physical play

any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed _________.

prosocial

_______ refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight, and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation.

puberty

a(n) ______ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation.

reflex

Piaget believed that children are like little...

scientists, creating theories about how the world works

what is the correct order of the four stages of cognitive development, according to piaget?

sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operational period, & formal operational period

the biopsychosocial framework organizes the contributions of many different forces in human development. which of the following is NOT one of them?

spiritual forces

ruth has recently experienced a cerebral vascular accident involving an interruption of the flow of blood to her brain. if you were going to use the more common term for this medical event, you's say that she had a(n) ______.

stroke

which the following would be considered an activity of daily living?

taking a shower or bath

an agent that interferes with normal prenatal development is a(n) _________.

teratogen

as women enter midlife, they experience a major biological process called _______________, during which they pass from their reproductive to their non-reproductive years.

the climacteric

for children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on _____________________________________.

the percentile of their body mass index

of the three prenatal stages of development which is by far the longest?

the period of the fetus

toddlers' first conversations tend to be about __________.

themselves

a ______ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development.

theory

what is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?

they activate a common part of the brain that is responsible for all emotions

why are theories such an important part of the understanding of human development?

they provide the "why's" for development

according to erik erikson, the major task os young adulthood is dealing with the psychosocial conflict of intimacy versus isolation.

true

according to erikson, which is the foundation of human development?

trust in oneself and others

which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?

warmth and responsiveness & parental control

the main assumption of holland's theory is that people...

will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities

the ___________ conflict is the feeling of being pulled in multiple directions by the competing demands of occupational and hime obligations.

work-family

physical functioning generally peaks during _______________.

young adulthood

in vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a child can do on his or her own and what they can do only with assistance is called the ______________________________.

zone of proximal development