Human Growth and Development Perrigo NEMCC

At which point during prenatal development are the internal organs developed fully enough to allow the baby to survive outside the womb if born prematurely (age of viability)?

24 weeks

Normal human cells have ________ chromosomes while gametes have ________ chromosomes.

46; 23

Jordan has always had issues sitting still in the classroom, because he has trouble filtering out all of the extra noises and sights and paying attention to the teacher above all the stimuli. What disorder does Jordan likely have?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Which of the following phrases is most likely to come from an 18-month old, and mean, "Mother, I would like to take the dog to the park."?

Doggie, go park

McKinley does not like Parker, but McKinley treats Parker in an excessively friendly manner. Freud would say that McKinley is using the defense mechanism,

Reaction formation

Approximately how many girls have been sexually abused in their lifetime?

About 1 in 4

Michael is 3 years old, and while playing outside he falls and scrapes his knee. When his grandmother later asks him what happened, he tells her that the driveway was being mean and made him fall. Which limitation of childhood thinking does this belief reflect?

Animism

A research team is interested in studying the genetic contributions to addictive behavior, such as internet gambling. They use twin, family, and adoption studies to compare the health and behavior outcomes of individuals who share the same environment or hereditary lineage. Which type of scientific research os this team conducting?

Behavioral genetics

Which of the following is NOT a reason boys tend to report sexual abuse less often than girls?

Boys are more likely to be abused by someone outside the family

A child therapist believes that it is important to understand all the forces that shape and impact children's loves: individual, family, neighborhood, society and culture. This therapist subscribes to which approach to development?

Brofenbrenner's ecological systems model

A researcher conducted an in depth study of a child who was raised in isolation and had no contact with same-age peers until age 10. This researcher detailed the child's development in a number of spheres: physical/motor, language/cognitive, social and emotional. What kind of research method is this?

Case study

Devin is 4, and his little sister, Carmela, is 8 months. How will Devin's appetite likely differ from that of his infant sister?

Children in early childhood have less of an appetite than infants.

Ivan, an 8-year-old, no longer thinks a row of pennies in front of him contains more pennies than a row of the same number of pennies with less spacing between coins. What Piagetian concept does this demonstrate Ivan has mastered?

Conservation

Tasha is crawling, navigating around large objects in her way, and looking up at objects taller than herself. What perceptual ability can we surmise from this information that Tasha has developed?

Depth perception

Childcare practices differ across cultures, and different practices have been found to influence when and how children each certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling, and walking. Which approach to human development is conveyed by this finding?

Development can follow a different course for each child

While most human development theorists and researchers have focused on infancy and childhood, and some on adolescence, others have explored development over the course of one's entire life, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that

Development is lifelong

Brain training programs, which are used to reverse cognitive decline seen in aging, capitalize on the brain's lifelong capacity to reorganize cortical tissue, which aligns with Baltes' key principle of lifespan development that ________.

Development is plastic

The impact of divorce on children varies depending on a wide array of factors. Which of these short-term factors is among the strongest impacts on children of divorced parents?

Financial/ economic issues

Deion, who is 4 years old, is very surprised when he meets a woman firefighter who comes to his school. He tells her that he thought only men were firefighters. What does this reflect?

Gender stereotyping.

What is the underlying claim of gene-environment interaction?

Genetic makeup determines a range of possible outcomes that may or may not occur depending on the environment

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding physical growth in middle childhood?

Growth rates slow during middle childhood.

Which of the senses is the most well-developed in a newborn at the time of birth?

Hearing

Jessa feels increasing social pressure to look like the other girls in her class, wearing the same brands of clothing as they do. She feels like she will fit in and be well-liked if she wears similar clothing, but she just doesn't like it, so she doesn't conform. What is this brand-name pressure influencing within Jessa?

Her self-concept

What is the difference between anoxia and hypoxia?

Hypoxia occurs when the infant is deprived of adequate oxygen and experiences mild brain damage, while anoxia occurs when the infant experiences total lack of oxygen and experiences severe brain damage

Janet is the mother of a 6 year old. She is looking for a way to decrease his risk of obesity. Which of the following is likely to help her do this?

Increase his water consumption.

In the strange situation test, baby Randall sits passively and waits until it is time to leave. His behavior is indicative of what type of attachment?

Insecure-avoidant

Jovie is 2 and her older brother Chris is 5. Which of Freud's stages do these children fit into?

Jovie is in the anal stage, while Chris is in the phallic stage.

Michael, who has an autism spectrum disorder, walks into his classroom and discovers that the teacher has rearranged the desks and he becomes highly agitated and uncomfortable. What is the best possible explanation for Michael's behavior?

Michael has difficulties adjusting to changes in routines and how things surrounding him are organized.

As an elementary school student, Hayden's life revolves around learning and testing new academic skills, refining motor skills and developing social relationships with friends and students outside of the family. Hayden is in the ____________ period of human development

Middle childhood

Kayla is 3 years old. Her teacher shows her a crayon box and asks her what she thinks is inside. She says, "crayons." The teacher opens the box, showing Kayla that there is chalk inside. She asks Kayla again what she thought was in the box at first, and Kayla says, "chalk." The teacher does the same thing with Mitch, who is 5 years old. After seeing the chalk, when asked what he thought was in the box at first, he says, "crayons." Based on their responses, which child (Kayla or Mitch) has started to develop theory of mind?

Mitch.

Minor failures do not destroy a child's self-concept during middle childhood. Rather, learning from failure can give the child a healthy sense of what?

Modesty

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between sexes and twin type?

Monozygotic twins are the same sex, while dizygotic twins can be different sexes.

Which of the following describes a difference between how monozygotic and dizygotic twins develop?

Monozygotic twins come from a single zygote, while dizygotic twins come from two zygotes.

A store clerk witnesses the following exchange that she has seen numerous times between a parent and child who are regular customers. A child asks for a toy. The parent refuses to get it. The child throws a temper tantrum. The parent puts the toy in the shopping basket. The child stops crying. The store clerk thinks,"Behavior is controlled by its consequences," and is referring to

Operant conditioning

Children raised with this parenting style may fail to learn self-discipline and develop uncertainty toward boundaries.

Permissive

Research indicates that family education, income, and occupation strongly influence the academic achievement gap across racial/ethnic groups. Which contextual influence on development does this exemplify

Socioeconomic status

Eight-month-old Howard meets his great-aunt for the first time. He clings to his mother, uncertain of this new person. What does Howard exhibit?

Stranger wariness

The average day of third-grade students places them in what state, as described by Brofenbrenner's ecological systems model, for the majority of the time?

Student state

The campaign to increase back-sleeping awareness in infants attempts to address which of the following sleep concerns?

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

A researcher wants to understand parents' attitudes and opinions toward residential school programs for academically gifted students. This researcher would likely choose a ______ research method

Survey

You hear an annoying beeping sound if you try to exit your car with the keys in the ignition. The next tome you park your car, you are more likely to take your keys out of the ignition before exiting. What principle of operant conditioning does this reflect?

The law of effect

9-month old Fred concentrates on picking up small pieces of round cereal and placing them in a cup. What motor skill is he practicing?

The pincer grasp

An infant smiles when something feels good and cries when something feels bad. The infant's parent, a psychotherapist whose work is based on Sigmund Freud's theory, jokes, "This baby is all id." Which of Freud's principles is this parent referring to?

The pleasure principle

A researcher whose study of higher order thinking skills in children is influenced by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory would be likely to investigate __________

The role of social interaction and culture on language and learning processes

Jeanie's infant turns his head toward a hand placed near his cheek. What does this head-turning behavior exemplify?

The rooting reflex

A graduate student is considering topics for a Master's thesis. The graduate advisor recommends: "There are several sets of well-developed ideas about that topic. You must first review their explanations and use that to make predictions for your research." The graduate advisor is recommending that the student review

Theories

A researcher studies how children make sense of new information either by making it fit into known information (eg calling all round objects "ball") or by modifying their thinking (eg learning new words for various round objects). This researcher's work is grounded in Piaget's

Theory of cognitive development

What is the defining feature of chromosomes?

They contain genetic information from each parent.

A therapist, whose approach to psychotherapy is based on Sigmund Freud's theory, explains that a patient's problematic behavior is based on

Unconscious motives, fears, and anxieties

A sticker chart designed to reward a child for every ten stickers earned for doing household chores is an example of what?

a token economy

Carlton conducts evaluation research of language enrichment programs for preschool children from low-income families. The objective of this research is to ________.

assess the effectiveness of an academic enrichment program

Which disorder is commonly associated with very low birth weight babies?

cerebral palsy

Thompson uses observation and surveys to study how much time children spend playing outside. The objective of this research is to ________.

describe the occurrence of time spent playing outside

In which of these scenarios is it more ideal for a mother to use formula than to breastfeed?

he mother has a transmittable disease, such as HIV.

Gross motor skills involve ________, while fine motor skills involve ________.

large muscle groups; exact movements of fingers and hands

The area of the brain behind the forehead that helps us to think, strategize, and control emotions is the ________.

prefrontal cortex

What are low birth weight babies typically unable to do?

regulate their body temperature

Researchers studied frequency and amount of alcohol use in three groups of students (grades 6 to 8, grades 9 to 10, and grades 11 to 12) over five years. With this ________, researchers can examine age-related changes and changes within the same individuals as they age. In addition, researchers can account for the possibility of cohort and/or time of measurement effects.

sequential research design

What event occurs at the end of the germinal period?

the zygote is implanted into the uterus lining

Dendrites grow rapidly in infancy, making complicated neural networks possible, through a process called ________.

transient exuberance.