human nutri study guide for final

During the second trimester, a normal weight mother will gain how much weight?

1 pound per week

One should have at least a _______ days supply of food for emergency use

3

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between ________.

40 and 140ºF

________ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.

Aflatoxins

Which of the following can pass through the placenta to the fetus?

Alcohol is a drug that passes freeley from the mother's bloodstream,

With the possible exception(s) of ________, human milk provides sufficient amounts of all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life. fluoride iron vitamin D All of these choices are accurate. None of these choices are accurate.

All of these choices are accurate

When serving a food for the first time to an infant, ________. the food should be a single-ingredient (not mixed) food item wait several days before serving another new food expect the baby to eat only a few bites All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

Suck reflex

Causes an infant to draw milk and allows for the coordination between swallowng

Extrusion reflex

Causes an infant's tongue to thrust forward when a solid or semisolid object is placed in its mouth.

rooting reflex

Causes an infants's to turn its head and open its mouth as the baby's cheek is stroked.

The toxin produced by ________ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.

Clostridium botulinum

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________.

Colostrum is produced in the mammary glands, early form of milk that is high in protein, including immune factors, and minerals.

Which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods.

Fermentation

During which trimester is the most critical time for development?

First trimester

Which form of arthritis invovles the build up of uric acid crystals?

Gout

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds?

Herbicide

The following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an intentional food additive?

High-fructose corn syrup

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they _______

Hold up their heads without support for the first time at about 4 months of age. They can progress to sitting up with back support at 6 months.

Which of the following food preservation methods treats the food with a high amount of energy that destroys the genetic material of pathogens? Canning

Irradiating

Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants? Its vitamin C content is too high. Its calcium content is too low. Its vitamin E content is too high. Its protein content is too high. All of these responses are accurate.

Its protein content is too high

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit ________.

Less than 33%

What is liked with poor diet quality in adolescents?

Linked with early puberty as well as numerous adverse health conditions, including high blood pressure and central obesity.

What is the importance of growth charts for children? Shows how good you are as a parent May provide an early wartning for potential medical problems Provide an indication for how tall your child is going to be later in life All of these are good indicators of recent nutritional status.

May provide an early wartning for potential medical problems

Human milk naturally contains contains less ________ per ounce than formula. cholesterol protein carbohydrate energy

Protein

To avoid possible exposure to mercury, pregnant women should avoid what food?

The FDA and EPA advise women who are pregnant or nursing to avoid eating large fish, particularly swordfish, shark, king mackerel, tilefish from the gulf of mexico, marlin, orange roughy, and bigeye tuna.

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

These beverages may need to be excluded from the diet in children with dental caries or those who experience intestinal upset, such as diarrhea, gas, or abdominal pain.

________ is a foodborne roundworm that cause parasitic infections from infected pork.

Trichinella spiralis

The name of the condition when urine leaks out of the bladder is called what _____________.

Urinary incontinence

Pregnant women are advised to drink ________.

Women are advised to limit their caffeine consumption to less than 200 mg/day during the pregnancy, which is approximately the amount found in 1.5 cups of regular brewed coffee.

Which of the following substances is in breast milk, but not in infant formulas? Lipids Lactose Antibodies Iron

antibodies

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply?

canned tuna

Compared to infant formulas, human milk is a rich source of ________. vitamin D fluoride cholesterol iron

cholesterol

The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores ________.

during the third trimester

Your brother and his wife have been trying to conceive for the past several months, but the wife is not yet pregnant. To increase her chances of conception, which of the following dietary recommendations would you make?

increase intake of vegetables

Exposure to a bacterial infection during fetal life may result in ________.

miscarraige, preterm delivery, stillbirth

To keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ________.

monitoring blood glucose levels, eating healthy foods that are low in added sugars and refined carbohydrates, and participating in regular exercise.

WIC aims to provide

nutrition education. nutritional care. nutritious food.

Intake of which of the following macronutrients is most likely to be below recommendations in older adults

protein

The declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________.

senescence

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status.

social isolation

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now.

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

preconception period

the time prior to or between conceptions

Most infants begin to drink from a cup around the ages of ________ months.

8-10

Which of the following statements are true? All of the choices are correct. Risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages. Signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness, constipation, and mental confusion. The body's water content decreases with advancing age.

All of the choices are correct

Age-related dementia includes ________. vascular dementia Parkinson's disease all of these are correct Alzheimer's disease

All of these are correct

The point at which a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm and pregnancy begins is known as _______.

Conception

Which of the following statements is true?

In the United States, life expectancy is about 79 years.

Nyala is 20 weeks pregnant and has read online about the potential benefits of taking a particular over-the-counter medication to help with management of some of the symptoms she has been experiencing during her pregnancy. Which of the following statements about medication use during pregnancy is FALSE?

Package inserts for medications list the Food and Drug administration (FDA) pregnancy category of the drug.

Infants ________ have a higher risk of obesity during childhood. whose mothers are obese who are breastfed who are given vitamin C supplements with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pound

Whose mothers are obese

Elizabeth is 90 years of age. Compared to when she was 30 years of age, her ________ now.

arteries are less flexible

Clint is 82 years of age. Compared to when he was 27 years of age, his ________ now.

kidney cells don't function as well

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescents is ________ intake.

low calcium

Reduced ________ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

thirst sensation

The placenta ________.

transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus

Infants ________ have a higher risk of obesity during childhood.

whose mothers are obese