Human Nutrition
Reliable source ofnutrition information
-a nutrition blog about dietary fiber has the health on the net symbol at the bottom of the website's page -a review about taking ginger to treat nausea that's at https://ods.od.nih.gov/ -a website that's url is www.eatright.org -a peer-reviewed article from The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition - Info at www.diagetes.org that discusses blood glucose testing
Not reliable source of nutrition information
-a pop-up ad for melatonin that promotes "safe sleep" appears on the main page melatoninforgreatsleep. com -a website that offers subscriptions for monthly supplies of weight-loss formula that accepts major credit cards -website that promotes and sells caffeine pills to prevent exhaustion during physical workouts.
Alfonzo likes to drink tomato juice. Yesterday, he drank 1.5 cups of tomato juice, which is equivalent to eating _____ of cooked green beans (according to the USDA).
1.5 cups
Although Sondra is allergic to raw fruit, she can consume cooked or canned forms of fruit. According to the USDA, she can substitute _____ of canned orange juice for 1 small fresh orange.
1/2 cup
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, people should limit their added sugars intake to less than _______ % of total daily calories.
10
Sondra is allergic to raw fruit. When she eats fresh apples, for example, her lips soon begin to swell and feel like they've been burned. Although she can't eat fresh fruit, she can consume cooked, canned, or pasteurized (heat-treated) forms of fruit. According to the USDA, she can substitute _____ of canned applesauce for 2 small fresh apples.
2 cups
Ads for a popular over-the-counter cold remedy that contains vitamin C suggest that megadoses of the vitamin help prevent or minimize the effects of the common cold. If the label on the product's package states that each pill contains 2,000 mg of vitamin C, how many grams of vitamin C is in each pill?
2 grams of vitamin C
Jackson consumes an average of 2700 kcal/day. He would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Jackson should limit his added sugar intake to less than ______ kcal/day.
270
According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a box of granola bars, a single bar provides 5 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrate, and 7 grams of protein. After working out, Carter ate 4 of the granola bars. Calculate the number of kcal he consumed by eating the 4 bars.
600 kcal protein=4 cal fat= 9 cal carbs=4 cal
Physicians generally recommend a special multivitamin and multimineral (MV/M) supplement for their pregnant patients.
True
This semester, Darlene is taking an introductory microbiology class. During the laboratory component of the course, Darlene's instructor gives her a small sealed container with bacteria in it. The instructor tells Darlene to identify the kind of bacteria that's in the container. While performing tests on the bacterial sample, Darlene determines that the bacteria need air to survive. Based on this information, Darlene notes that the bacteria are ______.
aerobic
This semester, Darlene is taking an introductory microbiology class. During the laboratory component of the course, Darlene's instructor gives her a small sealed container with bacteria in it. The instructor tells Darlene to identify the kind of bacteria that's in the container. While performing tests on the bacterial sample, Darlene determines that the bacteria don't need air to survive. Based on this information, Darlene notes that the bacteria are ________.
anaerobic
While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _______ is a primary function of the heart and blood vessels.
circulating blood throughout the body
Proteins that help chemical reactions occur are _______.
enzymes
True statements about nutrients
essential nutrients must be supplies by food to prevent deficiency, water is the most essential nutrient, the essential nutrients support normal body functions, if the nutrient is missing from the diet, a deficiency will eventually develop
While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned ______ is a primary function of the lungs.
exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
A tissue is a collection of organs that have a closely related function. t or f
false
Five-year-old Sheba fell into a pond. Because she couldn't swim, she began to drown. Within a few minutes, Sheba's older brother rescued his little sister and performed CPR. While she was underwater, however, Sheba's brain didn't get any oxygen. As a result, her brain was damaged because it formed too much ATP. t or f
false
Lactose intolerance is a form of milk allergy. t or f
false
Lucia usually puts her 7-month-old infant to bed with a baby bottle that contains an iron-fortified infant formula. This particular formula provides about 1g protein, 1g fat, and 2 g carbohydrate per ounce. Because Lucia's baby is consuming the formula at bedtime, the child has a high risk of developing gallstones. t or f
false
Individuals with type 1 diabetes _______.
have cells that don't produce insulin
Lifestyle
includes diet, physical activity, habits, use of tobacco and alcohol and other typical patterns of behavior
In a healthy person, blood sugar levels ______, soon after eating a meal.
increase
The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes ______.
insulin
Darryl is a healthy 21-year-old. After he eats a meal, his beta cells release ______, which causes his blood glucose level to _______.
insulin; decrease
Over the past few months, Scott has experience bouts of being constipated for several days, followed by having loose stools for a day or two. According to Scott's physician, a change in diet, such as consuming probiotics and avoiding FODMAPs, as well as getting psychological counseling and taking antidepressant medication might help relieve the problem. According to the doctor, Scott's condition is not likely to increase his risk of colorectal cancer. Based on this information, Scott probably has which of the following conditions?
irritable Bowel syndrome
Commonly referred to as "milk sugar," _______ is comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule.
lactose
Haruka is 18 years of age and has Asian ancestry. She doesn't drink milk because it "upsets her stomach," that is, she develops intestinal cramping and gas not long after she consumes the beverage. She can drink soy "milk" and eat yogurt and some hard cheeses. Based on this information, Haruka probably has _________.
lactose intolerance
Nelson is a college freshman living on his own for the first time. He eats out a lot at fast food restaurants and snacks on foods that are high in empty calories. Nelson spends much of his time sitting in classes or working online. Lately he has been noticing symptoms of constipation. All of the following recommendations might help Nelson alleviate his constipation, except _______.
reducing his consumption of whole fruits and vegetables
Emmy is obese and has a condition called fatty liver disease. To help her liver heal, Emmy needs the advice of a specially trained health care professional. Her physician recommended a _____, so Emmy can learn more about a healthy diet and how to safely lose about 40 pounds.
registered dietitian nutritionist who counsels patients in a hospital clinic
While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _______ is a primary function of skin.
regulating body temperature
Inspire mistrust in medical professionals
scare tactics
The carbohydrates in your diet can contribute to tooth decay by _______.
serving as food for the acid-producing bacteria that live on your teeth and gums
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the _______.
small intestine
Consuming excessive amounts of refined carbohydrates can contribute to health problems, because _______.
they may not satisfy hunger, so people feel hungry soon after eating them
To study this possibility, the scientist uses two groups of people who are over 75 years of age and have mild memory loss. The ------ group receives 100 pills that contain fish oil. The -----group receives similar pills that don't contain any active ingredients. These fake pills are called ------..
treatment, control , placebos
A scientist obtains a $200,000 grant from a group of soft drink manufacturers to design and conduct a study. According to the scientist, results of his study proved that consuming up to 10 sugar-sweetened soft drinks/day doesn't increase the risk of any serious chronic health problems. Two years after these findings were published, another researcher tried to repeat the study. She determined that the scientist who conducted the original study ignored data from 66% of the subjects. This case is an example of research bias on the part of the scientist who accepted the grant from the soft drink manufacturers
true
Shari is a 6-year-old who loves to play soccer. Recently, her parents noticed that she's been too tired to play. Also, she's thirsty all of the time and developed breath that smells like over-ripe bananas. Based on this information, Shari's parents should have their daughter tested for ________.
type 1 diabetes
Diet
usual pattern of food choices
Which of the following roles is a food regulatory function of the FDA?
-Establishing structure/function claims that food manufacturers are allowed to use on labels -Receiving and monitoring reports of negative side effects that resulted from the use of dietary supplements
Organic farming refers to certain agricultural methods that are different than conventional farming methods. Which of the following substances are not permitted to be used for growing or raising certified 100% organic foods?
-Synthetic fertilizers -AntibioticsAntibiotics
Factors increase a person's risk of peptic ulcers?
-Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, regularly -Smoking cigarettes -Having Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria in the stomach
major factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcer
-consuming a lot of alcohol regularly -using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, regularly -having a stomach that is infected with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria
1000 grams
1 Kilogram
1000 miligrams
1 gram
0.001 milligram
1 microgram
1000 micrograms
1 milligram
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is ____ g per day. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to prevent ______.
130; excess ketone formation
Roberta consumes an average of 1600 kcal/day. She would like to follow the recommendation concerning added sugars intake that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Based on this information, Roberta should limit her added sugar intake to no more than ______ kcal/day.
160
According to the package label, a bottle of a sugar-sweetened soft drink contains 24 ounces, and each 8-ounce serving of the drink provides 70 kcal. While eating lunch, Jared consumed the contents of an entire bottle of the drink. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the drink did he consume?
210 calories
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day.
2300
According to the package label, a bag of potato chips weighs 32 ounces and each 8-ounce serving of the chips provides 200 kcal. While eating lunch, Lori consumed half of the contents of the bag of the chips. Based on this information, how many total kcal of the chips did she consume?
400 kcal
Which of the following functions is not a role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that involves food labeling?
Allowing a food manufacturer to claim that a food is "nutrient-dense" because it provides 100 kcal or less per serving
Anthocyanins
Antioxidant activity, found in red, blue and purple fruits and vegetables
Resveratrol
Antioxidant in red wine, dark chocolate, and cocoa that may inhibit cancer growth
Sharia is a 24-year-old college student with white ancestry. Sharia doesn't smoke cigarettes, eats nuts and whole grains, drinks alcohol, and she doesn't like to consume vegetables. Which of the following characteristics increases Sharia's risk of chronic diseases later in her life
Avoiding vegetables, drinking alcohol
beta-carotene
Body can convert some of this phytochemical into vitamin A
Micronutrient
Body needs 130 mg of the nutrient per day, vitamins, minerals, non-energy-yielding nutrient, body needs 10 micrograms of nutrient each day.
Macronutrient
Body requires 130 grams of nutrient each day, carbohydrate, fat, energy-yielding nutrient, protein, body needs 50 grams of nutrient each day.
Whole grain kernel components in order from outside to inside
Bran, Endosperm, Germ
______ refers to metabolic processes that break down larger substances into smaller ones.
Catabolism
Which of the following responses lists the human body's organization from smallest functioning structure to largest functioning structure?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Choose the answer that best describes human cells.
Cells use nutrients from food to carry out their metabolic activity.
The super cleanse diet system has a unique blend of herbs and probiotics that gently detoxifies your body's impurities. This new cleanings system also relieves gut sluggishness and improves intestinal tone. Theses statements have not been evaluated by the FDA
Disclaimers
_______ are small pouches that can form in the lining of the intestines, especially the large intestine. If these pouches trap bacteria and feces, they can become infected or inflamed, which can be very painful.
Diverticula
"I'm a subject in this study. I can't tell if I'm in the control group or the treatment group, and the researchers also don't know which group I'm in."
Double-blind study
Which of the following factors generally doesn't increase a person's risk of peptic ulcers?
Eating too many sugary foods
Which of the following digestive system structures are listed in the correct order for food/chyme to move through them?
Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
What feature is required on labels of dietary supplements?
FDA disclaimer if the FDA has not reviewed a claim.
personal characteristics that are highly likely to influence a person's food choices
Financial situation, number of teeth, ability to prepare foods
Allows people to provide nutrition information that is not true
First amendment
Which of the following foods is an example of a "fortified" food?
Fresh fat-free milk that has vitamins A and D added to it
What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States that are associated with poor diet?
Heart disease, Cancer
Theo developed a disease that caused thick mucus to form in his small intestine. How was he affected by this disease?
His ability to digest and absorb nutrients was reduced.
allows cells to take in glucose
Insulin
Capsaicin
May provide pain relief, found in chili peppers
Lutein
May reduce risk of macular degeneration; found in egg yolks
Arginne XXX will pump up your muscles and rev up your workouts. For a limited time only $49.99 for 30 day supply. No risk! If you are not satisfied with the results, just return the bottle to receive a full refund.
Money back guarantees
energy dense foods
Nuts, Cheese, Doughnuts, Fried foods, Margarine, Salad dressing
Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. Which of the following statements is false? Multiple Choice
Overnutrition is less common in the United States than undernutrition is.
Over the past few weeks, Corrie has been experiencing a dull pain in his stomach area when he hasn't eaten any food for awhile. Recently, he noticed his stools had changed from being normal to being black and "sticky." Based on this information, Corrie probably has which of the following conditions?
Peptic ulcer
"I'm in a group of healthy people who are being studied for the next 10 years. As participants in the study, scientists have us complete surveys about our personal medical histories, environmental exposures, and dietary practices.
Population study
Linda just finished taking the antibiotics prescribed by her physician to treat a bacterial infection. Why would you recommend that Linda use a dietary supplement or food that contains probiotics?
Probiotics may help restore the healthy balance of bacteria in her intestines.
Dietary supplements are not
Products that are always helpful and never harmful, Products that contain a wide variety of phytochemical]
Daniel has high blood pressure. His physician instructed him to obtain dietary counseling from a specially trained nutrition, foods, and dietetics expert who can help him control his blood pressure by improving his food selections. Based on this information, Daniel should seek someone who has _______ for credentials.
RDN
Has less than 25% of the fat in the regular product
Reduced-fat crackers
A scientist presents the following -----question: "Does taking fish oil supplements improve memory?"
Scientific
"Scientists think that taking vitamin D supplements regularly is an effective way to reduce the risk of colon cancer."
Scientific question
Dewayne is a 22 year old obese college student w asian ancestry, who smokes cigarettes, doesnt drink alcohol, and doesnt like to eat fruits or vegetables. What characteristics increase Dewayne's risk of chronic diseases later in life?
Smoking, Being obese
Quercetin
Substance in fruits, vegetables, and red wine that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease
Beta-carotene
Substance in orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration Substance in orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
Isoflavonoids
Substance in soybeans with antioxidant activity that may inhibit cancer and reduce risk of heart disease
Caffeine
Substance that has a stimulant effect thats in cocoa, coffee, and tea
Capsaicin
Substance with pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers
Isoflavonoids
Substances in legumes that have antioxidant activity and may reduce risk of heart ldisease
False statements about nutrients
The body makes enough of the essential nutrients to meet its needs, There are no signs and symptoms of a deficiency disease
Ryan is taking nutrition class and learning about the digestive process. When he learned that after a meal, the contents of the stomach become very acidic, he wondered why the acid in the stomach doesn't digest the organ. Why doesn't the acid break down the stomach's lining and cause holes to form in the stomach's walls?
The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.
"In an earlier study involving laboratory rats, adding a daily vitamin D supplement to the animals' diet for 12 months reduced the risk of cancer in the rodents."
Treatment
Recently, Belinda reported having stomach cramps and pain and being unusually tired and weak. Additionally, Belinda reported feeling nauseous so frequently, she didn't want to eat much food. After she lost 20 pounds within 4 months, she decided to see her physician. According to the physician, Belinda's medical tests indicated that she has blood in her stools and she's anemic. According to the doctor, Belinda's condition is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that can increase her risk of colorectal cancer. Based on this information, Belinda should undergo further testing to see if she has which of the following conditions?
Ulcerative colitis
A nutrition scientist would like to evaluate a typical american diet to determine wheter it supplies adequate amounts of micronutrients. Based on this info, the researcher would determine the ------- content of the diet
Vitamin E, Potassium
white flour
White flour consists of the endosperm part of the wheat kernel. White flour is an example of a processed food.
vomit appears to have coffee grinds in it
a physician should be contacted
Not classified as a nutrient
alcohol, capsaicin, caffeine
Skylar's gallbladder doesn't function properly. As a result of this disorder, which of the following foods does he have trouble digesting?
butter
Devin has type 2 diabetes. Compared to a healthy person, his blood sugar levels remain higher after a meal, because his ______.
cells don't respond to the insulin that his pancreas releases
Wyatt is a healthy 23-year-old graduate student. When Wyatt hasn't eaten for a few hours, his blood glucose level ______ and he begins to feel hungry.
decreases
Individuals with type 1 diabetes have cells that ______.
don't produce insulin
Individuals with type 2 diabetes have cells that _______.
don't respond normally to insulin
Tia experiences acid reflux from time to time. To help prevent bouts of acid reflux, Tia should take all of the following steps, except _______.
drink milk and cream with meals
risk factors for chronic disease except
family history of chronic disease
According to the latest version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, _______ is a "nutrient of public health" concern, because many Americans don't consume enough of it.
fiber
A healthy diet
generally changes during different stages of life
The endocrine system has ______ that secrete hormones.
glands
Brandon has untreated type 1 diabetes. His blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.
his pancreas doesn't release insulin
A nutrient content claim describes _______.
levels of nutrients in packaged foods
Nutrients
life-sustaining chemicals in food that are necessary for proper body functioning
While Eric was taking a nutrition class, he learned that the human body is organized into organ systems. His professor mentioned _____ is a primary function of the kidneys.
maintaining fluid balance
Various tissues that function together in a related fashion form _______.
organs
After eating a meal, a healthy person's _______.
pancreas releases insulin
Waves of muscular activity help propel food material through the digestive tract. This muscular action is called _______.
peristalsis
Risk factor
personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease
proteins
production of functional and structural components, fluid balance
Glucagon is a hormone that is secreted by your pancreas. Glucagon _______.
raises your blood glucose level to normal
According to scientific research, certain antioxidants may _______.
reduce the risk of heart disease protect cells from harmful environmental factors
vitamins
regulation of body processes, maintenance of immune function
Carbohydrates
source of energy (most forms)
Lipids
source of energy, absorption of fat soluble vitamins, cellular development
Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the _______.
stomach
The people who are the ------of the study and the scientist in charge of the research don't know which group is getting the fish oil-containing pills. This kind of study is called a(an) ---------.
subjects , double-blind study
Sulfur-containing compounds
substances in garlic, onions and broccoli that may inhibit the growth of cancer
A personal endorsement of a product
testimonial
Nutrition
the study of nutrients and how they are used by the body
As a baby grows, its body undergoes more anabolic metabolic activities than catabolic metabolic activities. t or f
true
Although Alfonzo doesn't like many kinds of vegetables, he is willing to eat large salads that are made with leafy greens with meals. According the the USDA, Alfonzo can count ______ as a serving of a vegetable.
2 cups of raw spinach
Resveratrol
May inhibit cancer growth; found in red wine, grapes, and chocolate.
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Testimonial
not energy dense foods
air-popped popcorn, carrot, celery, broccoli, broth-based soup, apples, oranges, strawberries, tea
Report of personal experiences
anecdote
All of the following are major factors that increase the risk of peptic ulcers, except _______.
being in a stressful job
Physicians may provide nutrition information to their patients. Nevertheless, many physicians aren't nutrition experts, because they _______.
generally don't take human nutrition courses while in medical school
Abbey Farmer wants to raise dairy cattle, which would produce milk that can be certified and labeled as organic. If several of her cows develop a bacterial infection, she could treat the animals with antibiotics, and the USDA would still allow the milk from those cows to be labeled as being organic.
False
If your diet doesn't provide an adequate amount of carbohydrate, your body alters its metabolism of other nutrients to meet your energy needs. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies in the bloodstream. Ketone bodies result from the partial breakdown of _______.
Fat
Provides 40 calories or less per serving
Low-calorie candy
Provides 3 grams or less of fat per serving
Low-fat popcorn
Which of the following substances is a disaccharide that contains 2 glucose units?
Maltose
Saponins
May kill certain microbes; found in garlic
People report that taking fish oil supplements improves their memory. This is an example of a(an
Observation
"I'm a subject in this study, but I think the experimental pill that the researchers gave to me to take each day doesn't contain anything that reduces my risk of colon cancer."
Placebo
Dietary supplements
Products that increase the intake of vitamins and minerals, Products that can contain an herb or other plant product
Juicing is easy and fun! Start "juice it" weight loss plan and lose 20 pounds in 2 weeks
Promises of quick and easy health remedies
Which United States federal agency enforces consumer protection laws and investigates complaints about false or misleading health claims that are used in advertising?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC)