Human Nutrition ch 3

By law five components of a food label

-name of food -name of the manufacturer, pack of distributor, state and zip code -the net content of the package, quantity of the food -ingredient list -the nutrition facts label

Smoking increases the need for vitamin C, smokers should add ______ mg to their RDA for this nutrient

35

The EAR should meet the needs of ____ percent of healthy people in a particular life stage/gender group.

50%

The Recommended Dietary Allowances will meet the nutrient needs of ______ of all healthy people in a specific life-stage group.

97-98%

Which of the following best describes Dietary Reference Intakes?

A set of energy and nutrient intake standards that nutrition experts can use to make recommendations

To help health professionals evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets and plan nutritious diets for healthy people, nutrition experts have established the ______.

Dietary Reference intakes

A(n) ____ is the amount of the nutrient that should meet the needs of 50% of the healthy people who are in a particular life stage/gender group.

EAR

The average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the

EER; Estimated Energy Requirement

Goals of dietary guidelines

Healthy eating and regular physical activity enable people to enjoy life, increase their productivity and feel their best. The goal of the dietary guidelines is to help people decrease their risk of some forms of lifestyle diseases -Cancer -Heart Disease -stroke -Obesity -Diabetes -HTN -Osteoporosis -Liver Disease

Cultural influence on meal planning

Hispanic Diet Native American Indian Diet African Heritage Diet Southern European Diet Asian Diet Religion

The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes recommendations from _____ to older adults, and for women during ____

Infancy; pregnancy

By maintaining optimal levels of stored nutrients, a person may be able to avoid or delay developing a(n) ______.

Nutrient deficiency

Food manufacturers are required to use a special format to display information about the energy and nutrient contents of products called the

Nutrition Facts Panel

portion vs serving

Portion: -is the amount of food you choose to eat. -varies from one meal to the next -based on appetite or hunger Serving: -is a standard amount of food used as a reference to give advice regarding how much to eat -usually stays the same

Which nutrient standard is set to meet or exceed 97.5% of the requirement for nearly all healthy Americans?

RDAs

Diet planning guides

Recommended amounts -the recommended intake of each food group depends upon how many calories are required. -there are different calorie requirements for those that are sedentary compared to those that are active.

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA's) are standards for recommended daily intakes of

Several nutrients

Fortification

The addition of nutrients to foods that are normally not present designed the nutrient content of the food.

Food labels

The ingredient list -all ingredients listed, descending order of predominant by weight Serving Sizes - Facilitate comparisons among foods -Need to compare to quantity of food actually eaten -DO NOT necessarily match the USDA food guide The Daily Values (DV) -Estimate of individuals foods' contribution to total diet -Based on 2000-calorie diet -Can also calculate personal daily values -Ease in comparing foods

Enrichment

The replacement of some nutrients that are lost during processing.

The ABC's of eating for health

adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, variety

Moderation

avoid excess amount of unwanted constituents

Balance

avoids overemphasis of any food type or nutrient

Variety

consuming different foods rather than eating the same meals day after day

The Exchange System (now referred to as Choose Your Foods) was originally developed to assist people with ______.

diabetes

According to the Dietary Guidelines, a healthy eating pattern includes ______.

limiting saturated fats and trans fats limiting added sugars and sodium foods from all five food groups and oils

According to the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC), healthy eating patterns should

meet a person's preferences, medical needs, and economic situation. be flexible so food choices can be varied and individualized.

The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) made the following recommendations for the development of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. A healthy diet for Americans should contain

more seafood, legumes, and nuts. fewer refined grains, red and processed meats, less sodium, and less sugar. more low-or nonfat dairy products.

Yogurt, milk, and hard cheeses are excellent sources of ______.

phosphorus riboflavin protein

Adequacy

provides enough of the essential nutrients, fiber, and energy- in form of calories

What are two items on the new Nutrition Facts label that appear in bold and a larger type for increased emphasis?

serving size Calories

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to ______.

set general nutritional-related lifestyle recommendations reduce the risk of nutrition-related chronic health conditions

Calorie Control

supply the amount of energy you need to maintain a healthy weight

Which of the following are associated with organic farming?

synthetic fertilizers are not allowed for food irradiation and genetically modified organism are not allowed

The Tolerable Upper Intake Level is the maximum chronic daily intake of a nutrient _____.

that is unlikely to cause health effects in almost all people above which toxicity effects are likely

Nutrients for which Daily Values have been set include

total fat. fiber. total carbohydrate.

The Daily Value is

used as a rough guide to compare the nutrient content of foods with respect to human needs. used on food labels. based on a 2000-kcal calorie diet.

When a specific nutrient is needed by the body and the intake of that nutrient is low, the body ______.

Withdraws the nutrient from storage

The general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include which of the following?

A single serving of the food product cannot contain more than 13 grams of fat, 4 grams of saturated fat, 60 mg cholesterol, or 480 mg sodium.

Which of the Dietary Reference Values assumes a population's average daily intake of a nutrient is adequate because no deficiency diseases are present?

Adequate Intake

Smokers should increase their intake of vitamin _____ by 35 mg to help protect against the damage to health caused by smoking cigarettes.

C

What are the appropriate uses of the DRI standards?

To achieve optimal health To prevent disease To reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies To ensure that one specific nutrient is not over consumed

What is the main purpose of the Nutrition Facts label?

To help consumers learn more about the nutrition content of the foods

The highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily is called the

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

The nutrition components of the Nutrition Facts panel include which of the following?

Total carbohydrates Total fat Cholesterol Calories

True or false: The estimated energy requirement is based on the needs of healthy individuals.

True

Which of the following influences your nutrient requirements?

Use of medication General health status Age and gender

When the body is recovering from illness, it

Withdraws nutrients from storage