Human nutrition Exam 1

Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their ________.

weight

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

If a can of soup provides 4 servings and has 100 kcal per serving, how many kcal are in the entire can? 800

400

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

Apple

Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet?

Avocado

Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices?

Emotional stress level

Which of the following statements about enterocytes is false?

Enterocytes are located in the stomach and are necessary for intrinsic factor production.

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?

Ethnicity

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After 10 weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him?

He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.

Which of the following statements is FALSE

In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

Which of the following statements is true?Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage to purchase manufactured foods?

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of breast cancer. Which of the following activities is NOT likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website

Which of the following is NOT a major nutrition-related objective of Healthy People 2020

Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults.

Which of the following statements is false?

The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States?

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is inorganic

Water

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative or inverse correlation?

When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average.

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

Yogurt

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been

enriched.

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she

has trouble tasting food.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents

nutrient-deficiency disorders.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?

%DV's

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Retrospective study

Amanda is a three-year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choice?

Close friends

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?

Cohort

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ________ study.

Epidemiological

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications

FDA

Which of the following statements is true?

Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed.

An online magazine article about weight-loss diets includes false information about the process of digestion that uses scientific-sounding terms to make it seem factual. The faulty information is an example of

Mislabeling

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

Lactose is formed from glucose and galactose through a ________ reaction.

condensation

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine.

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

Scientist conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria. and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The studys participants and research do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not.. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double-blind

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has

irritable bowel syndrome

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values are for people who are ________.

of all ages

Raffinose is an example of a/an

oligosaccharide

Phytochemics are

plant substances that provide health benefits

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.

prospective

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group.

protein

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

testimonial

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water one degree Celsius is the definition of

Kilocalorie

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

reduced absorption of some minerals.