human nutrition final exam

The point at which a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm and pregnancy begins is known as _______. placenta pre-fertilization conception ovulation

conception

To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________. sugars and starches lean meat, poultry, and fish milk and dairy products whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits

whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits

To minimize risk for food-borne illness, ground beef should be used within _______ days of storage in the refrigerator. 5-7 3-4 10-14 1-2

1-2

What is the EAR for energy in older adult females? 1600 g/day 2000 g/day 25 g/day 1000 g/day

1600

Body length increases by ________ inches per year in school-age children. 2-3 1-2.5 3-5 about 4

2-3

What is the EAR for energy in older adult maless? 1600 g/day 1000 g/day 25 g/day 2000 g/day

2000

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs an average of an additional ________ kcal per day. 100 450 340 500

340

Average additional dietary energy requirements for lactation are approximately ________ kcal per day. 200 600 800 350

350

According to present-day growth charts, an infant will double its birth weight at about ________ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ________ months. 1. 2 to 3; 6 2. 12; 18 3. 4 to 6; 12 4. 10; 12 to 18

4 to 6; 12

A low birth weight infant weighs less than _______ pounds at birth. 4.0 6.5 5.0 5.5

5.0

How long do various professioal organizations suggest to exclusievly breastfeed for? 4 months 6 months 1 month 1 year

6 month

Most infants begin to drink from a cup around the ages of ________ months. 8-10 7-8 11-12 5-6

8-10

is a naturally occurring compund in foods that form food is heated to high temperatures. Benzene Acrylamide Pesticides BPA

Acrylamide

A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________. 1.fasting 2.smoking 3. a low-carbohydrate diet 4. All of these choices are accurate.

All of these choices are accurate.

Which of the following statements is true? 1. It is not unusual for children to have food jags. 2. Snacks have no place in a child's diet. 3. A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate slows. 4. Because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age.

Because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age.

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________. lead Clostridium botulinum spores high-fructose corn syrup aspartame

Clostridium botulinum spores

is a physiological change associated with aging. Increased blood filtration rate Hardening of the arteries Fewer episodes of heartburn Increased brain weight

Hardening of the arteries

Which of the following pesticides kills weeds? Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Herbicide

Herbicide

he following substances were detected in a can of food. Which of the substances is an intentional food additive? High-fructose corn syrup Insect eggs Mouse hairs Pesticide residues

High-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following food preservation techniques involves adding certain types of bacteria or yeast to foods, producing probiotic foods. Curing Fermentation Pasteurization Sterilization

Pasteurization

Adolescence is considered what? Is always from the age of 13-18 When a child is physically and sexually considered an adult Is the age group of 6-11 Period of time that begins at puberty and ends at adulthood

Period of time that begins at puberty and ends at adulthood

The following substances were detected in a slice of enriched bread. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive? Thiamin Folic acid Sugar Plastic wrap

Plastic wrap

is a normal physiological change associated with aging. Less heartburn Increased skin elasticity Increased secretion of saliva Reduced estrogen production

Reduced estrogen production

When selecting foods for an emergency food supply, which of the following criteria is least important? Require no refrigeration Have a long storage life Are lightweight Can be eaten without cooking

Require no refrigeration

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime? 1. Often, the contents of the bottle spoil, which can lead to gastrointestinal upsets. 2. It is best for an infant to be held when drinking from a bottle for the sense of security that it provides. 3. Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel. 4. There is nothing wrong with this practice. It helps the child grow developmentally.

Sugar bathes the teeth, bacteria grow, acids are produced from sugar, and acids dissolve tooth enamel.

Lenny had raw for dinner and has started to feel ill. Which pathogen should he be most concerned about after eating raw oysters? E. coli 0157:H7 Salmonella Vibrio vulnificus Clostridium botulinum

Vibrio vulnificus

Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve ________. 1 cup of French fries from a fast-food restaurant that has been salted with iodized salt ½ of a chocolate doughnut that has the frosting removed a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges 2 slices of baked ham on a toasted English muffin

a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges

Which of the following can pass through the placenta to the fetus? large proteins red blood cells bacteria alcohol

alcohol

Forty-year old Kent has a family history of Alzheimer's disease. What recommendations do you have for Kent to reduce his risk for Alzheimer's disease? Consume foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids Engage in regular physical activity Continue learning and reading All of the choices are correct.

all

The let-down reflex is inhibited by ________. nervous tension and fatigue feeling confident and relaxed a sleepy baby All of these responses are correct.

all

Which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults? Loss of teeth Depression Reduced mobility and flexibility All of these choices are correct

all

Which of the following statements are true? All of the choices are correct. Risk of urinary incontinence increases as a person ages. Signs of dehydration in older adults include weakness, constipation, and mental confusion. The body's water content decreases with advancing age.

all

Exposure to a bacterial infection during fetal life may result in ________. a preterm delivery stillbirth a miscarriage all of these are correct

all of these are correct

Dorothy is 86 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status. arthritis ethnic background frequent socializing with friends and family daily exercise regimen

arthritis

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate to include in an emergency food supply? Eggs Canned tuna Fresh sweet potatoes Concentrated tomato soup

canned tuna

To avoid possible exposure to mercury, pregnant women should avoid what food? meat fish vegetables fruits

fish

Which of the following micronutrients is needed for proper neural tube development? Iron Folate Zinc Vitamin C

folate

The medical specialty that focuses on the healthcare needs of older adults is called _______. obstetrics orthopedics pediatrics geriatrics

geriatrics

Which form of arthritis invovles the build up of uric acid crystals? Rheumatoid Osteoarthritis Juvenile Gout All of the choices are correct.

gout

the process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. 1. pressure to immobilize pathogens 2. heat to kill pathogens 3. chemicals to denature pathogens 4. radiation to destroy pathogens

heat to kill pathogens

Your brother and his wife have been trying to conceive for the past several months, but the wife is not yet pregnant. To increase her chances of conception, which of the following dietary recommendations would you make? increase intake of vegetables increase intake of animal protein increase intake of high glycemic index foods reduce intake of monounsaturated fats

increase intake of vegetables

The primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ________. lactose sucrose glucose maltose

lactose

Aliyah received a 15 pound frozen turkey as a gift from her workplace. She has kept the turkey in her freezer for a few weeks, but is now ready to thaw and prepare the turkey for a large family meal. You might recommend all of the following methods of thawing the frozen turkey except ________. 1. thawing the turkey in the microwave oven 2. placing the turkey in the sink under cold running water 3. leaving the turkey out on the countertop overnight 4. putting the turkey in the refrigerator

leaving the turkey out on the countertop overnight

Bernice is 91 years of age. Her ________ is likely to have a negative influence on her nutritional status. daily exercise regimen frequent socializing with friends and family low annual income participation in the "Meals on Wheels" program

low annual income

A major nutrition-related concern of adolescents is ________ intake. low calcium low protein high niacin high iron

low calcium

The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. ovary placenta endometrium uterus

placenta

Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________. 1. potentially strain the young infant's organs 2. help the child walk at a younger age 3. help the child achieve optimal height 4. help the child sleep through the night

potentially strain the young infant's organs

Lanelle is 5 months pregnant. Recently, she gained several pounds rapidly, and as a result, her face is "puffy" and her hands are swollen. Her physician is very concerned, because Lanelle's blood pressure has risen to a dangerous level. Based on this information, Lanelle probably has ________. physiological anemia SIDS preeclampsia pica

preeclampsia

________ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. Oxytocin Prolactin Progesterone Estrogen

prolactin

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants? wheat barley oats rice

rice

Bernard is 83 years of age. His ________ is likely to have a negative influence on his nutritional status. social isolation ethnic background daily exercise regimen full set of natural teeth

social isolation

In the United States, the diets of many toddler and preschool-age children supply too much ________. calcium potassium iron sodium

sodium

Margaret is 87 years of age. Compared to when she was 27 years of age, her ________ now. cells require more energy bones are more dense stomach secretes less intrinsic factor body requires less vitamin B-12

stomach secretes less intrinsic factor

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. weight loss and morning sickness also occur the swelling is limited to the hands and feet morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________. 1. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade 2. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator 3. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the saladvegetables 4. keeps the pie chilled before serving it

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

The declining organ functioning and the increase vulnerability to diseases is known as ________. life span geriatrics senescence longevity

senescence

During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by ________% over what it was at birth. 20 50 100 33

50

When serving a food for the first time to an infant, ________. 1. the food should be a single-ingredient (not mixed) food item 2. wait several days before serving another new food 3. expect the baby to eat only a few bites 4. All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

Which of the following substances is in breast milk, but not in infant formulas? Antibodies Lipids Iron Lactose

Antibodies

The ________ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer. First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution Cancer Prevention Act Pure Food and Drug Act Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment

Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment

Which of the following food preservation methods draws water from cells, reducing the likelihood many pathogens can survive? Canning Chilling Irradiating Drying

drying