Human nutrition finials

Cancer is a single disease characterized by cells that can't divide so they die early.

false

Abby is in her first trimester of pregnancy. According to her dietary analysis, her diet is low in a nutrient of "public health concern" for pregnant women. Based on this information, she needs to increase her intake of _______.

iron

Plumpy'nut contains micronutrients and ______.

peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and sugar

Fat is the primary fuel muscles use while resting or engaged in low- to moderate-intensity physical activities. Put the activities in order from greatest percentage of energy utilized by fat (1) to least percentage of energy utilized by fat (4).

1. bench press weightlifting 2. two hour, 12-mile run 3. playing professional basketball game 4. 200-meter hurdles

Put the fats in order from the one that contains the greatest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (1) to the one that contains the lowest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5).

1. saffloweroild (high linoleic) 2. corn oil 3. peanut oil 4. lard (pork fat) 5. beef fat

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 2500 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than _______ kcal per day.

250

According to the Dietary Guidelines, adults should limit their saturated fat intake to less than 10% of their total daily caloric intake. If you consume 3000 kcal per day, you should limit your saturated fat intake to fewer than about _____ grams of saturated fat per day.

33

As he trains for a marathon, Anthony wants to increase the percentage of total kcal in his diet that is contributed by carbohydrates. On average, he consumes 2500 kcal per day during the training period. He wants 60% of his daily energy intake to be supplied by carbohydrates. Based on this information, he should consume _______ grams of carbohydrate daily.

375

If your total caloric intake is 2100 kcal per day, your range of fat intake (kcal) would be _____ kcal per day, according to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).

420 to 735

Certain vitamins or provitamins function as antioxidants by helping to protect cells from being damaged by free radicals. Check all of the following substances that are known have antioxidant activity.

Beta-carotene vitamin E vitamin C

Which of the following statements is a recommended practice for infant feeding in developing countries?

new mothers should breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months, and then continue breastfeeding while adding solid foods to their babies' diet.

Indicate which of the following conditions are signs of an essential fatty acid deficiency. (Check all that apply.)

poor wound healing; poor growth during infancy; hair loss

Atherosclerosis contributes to cardiovascular disease by _______. (Check all that apply.)

slowing blood flow through the arteries and allowing clots to form; forming plaque in the arteries that supply the heart

Determine whether each body structure, physiological condition, or physiological process increases or decreases as a person ages.

increases during the aging process: heartburn and constipation hardening of the arteries decreases during the aging process: saliva production activity of bone-forming cells brain weight cardiac output thyroid hormone production kidney cell function

Determine whether each child-feeding practice is recommended or not recommended.

recommended child-feeding practice: offer a variety of fruits, vegetables, and other nutrient-dense foods for meals and snacks. offer peanut butter on whole grain bagels, whole grain cereal and milk, fresh fruit, or yogurt for snacks. avoid introducing honey to children until they are at least 1 year old. give preschool-age and older children the opportunity to choose their foods from among nutrient-dense choices not a recommended child-feeding practice: encourage children to eat their vegetables, so they can be served dessert. encourage children to eat everything on their plate. encourage children to eat and drink while watching TV or playing media games. offer dessert to picky eaters for eating foods they usually avoid. let children skip breakfast if they are not hungry when they wake up

Franny is a full-term infant who weighs 5.25 pounds at birth. Her birth weight is within the healthy range for a newborn female.

false

In the United States, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program provides nutrient-dense hot meals to low-income pregnant women and their children.

false

Orlistat hasn't been approved by the FDA for weight loss

false

Using bioelectrical impedance to estimate body fat relies on the principle that lean tissues have less water and electrolytes than fat tissue.

false

Regina is concerned that her dad may have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) because his father died after having a heart attack. Her father is 52 years of age, smokes, is overweight, has Italian ancestry, is a civil engineer, and does not exercise. Which of Regina's father's personal characteristics is a CVD risk factor that's not modifiable? (Check all that apply.)

family history of cardiovascular disease; age

To reduce the risk of delivering infants with spina bifida, women of childbearing age should focus on obtaining adequate amounts of ______.

folate

A small percentage of adult Americans are underweight. Check all of the healthy strategies an underweight individual can use to gain weight and muscle mass safely. (Check all that apply.)

follow a regularly scheduled snack and meal schedule snack nutrient-dense, calorie-dense foods such as granola made with nuts, sunflower seeds, wheat germ, and dried apricots eat more fatty fish, peanut products, and avocados

Sam is an endurance athlete. A few days before he participates in a marathon race, he undergoes _______ to delay the onset of muscle fatigue during the event.

glycogen loading

Loraine's mother is babysitting Loraine's 8-month-old baby. When she mentions that she's going to give the infant applesauce that's sweetened with honey, Loraine tells her mother that he cannot have honey. Why doesn't Loraine want her baby to eat honey?

honey can contain botulism spores that can cause botulism in babies

Iron is important for an infant's growth and development. Which of the following foods is a good source of dietary iron for an 8-month-old child?

iron-fortified cereal

Select all the terms that apply to legumes.

legumes are plants that produce pods with a single row of seeds. soybeans, peanuts, ad beans are legumes. lentils and mature split peas are legumes.

A food scientist wants to develop a new formula for feeding healthy infants. The formula contains amino acids as well as carbohydrates, essential lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water. Which of the following amino acids should she include in the formula? (Check all that apply.)

phenylalanine methionine lysine

a suckling infant sends a signal to the ____ in the mother's brain, stimulating it to release two hormones. one hormone, ___ stimulates breast milk production. a second hormone, _____, signals breast tissue to "let down" milk. the let-down reflex allows breast milk to travel through ____ to the nipple where the baby can access it by continuing to suckle.

pituitary gland prolactin oxytocin ducts

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including ______.

relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques

Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content of his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to preserve such foods' vitamin contents, except ______.

storing fresh produce in a warm place or dark cupboard

A vegetarian diet generally ______ than a "Western diet."

supplies more dietary fiber

Regina is pregnant and concerned about the safety of eating fish and seafood during pregnancy. Because certain kinds of fish and seafood can contain harmful amounts of methylmercury, Regina should avoid eating ______ while pregnant.

swordfish

Ellie is 22 years of age. Which of the following steps can she take, before she's pregnant, to reduce her chances of giving birth to a baby with neural tube defects? (Check all that apply.)

take a dietary supplement that contains 400 mcg of folic acid daily. add foods that contain folate to her daily diet.

Which of the following factors is the most important environmental condition that influences bacterial growth?

temperature

When amino acids are metabolized for energy, the nitrogen-containing component is removed, and ammonia forms. What happens to the ammonia?

the ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.

Lawrence spoke with a friend about his efforts to lose weight safely and permanently. The friend said that she had recently followed a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet for 4 weeks and lost 10 pounds. Why does a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet often promote rapid initial weight loss? (Check all that apply.)

the body produces less glycogen when carbohydrate intake is low and uses much of its stored glycogen to supply glucose for energy tissues maintain about 3 grams of water with each gram of glycogen, so a reduction in body glycogen content results in the need for less water to store with it.

Most B vitamins are similar in that ______.

they function as part of coenzymes

Because she's pregnant, Regina is interested in eating more foods that contain high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods is an excellent source of EPA and DHA?

tuna casserole

Use the height and weight that's given to calculate each BMI. Then drag the label to its appropriate weight classification category.

underweight = 5'8" (68 inches) tall and 120 pounds healthy weight = 5'8" (68 inches) tall and 140 pounds obese= 5'8" (68 inches) tall and 200 pounds overweight= 5'2 (62 inches) tall and 140 pounds

In some cases, people need a vitamin supplement. Match the person's description with the vitamin that would most likely need to be supplemented.

vitamin D= an adult woman who is told after a bone mineral density test that she has osteomalacia vitamin A= a child in the developing world who is diagnosed with night blindness vitamin K= a newborn baby who has difficulty with blood clotting vitamin E= a premature infant who is exhibiting signs of hemolysis vitamin B-12= an older adult whose stomach doesn't produce enough acid

Match the vitamin or vitamin precursor to its major food source

vitamin E= sunflower seeds and vegetable oils vitamin K= kale, spinach, beet greens, turnip greens vitamin D= fortified milk beta-carotene= cantaloupe

Which of the following statements concerning pesticides are true? (Check all that apply.)

washing produce often reduces the amounts of pesticide residues that are on the food. pesticides help increase crop yields.

Approximately how many grams of protein per day should a healthy 25-year-old woman who weighs 153 pounds and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.)

55.6

What are the approximate unit prices of a 15-ounce can of crushed tomatoes that sells for $2.25 and a 32-ounce can of crushed tomatoes that sells for $3.99?

$0.15/oz and $0.12/oz

What are the approximate unit prices of a 16-ounce package of frozen green beans that sells for $3.25 and a 28-ounce package of frozen green beans that sells for $4.29?

$0.20/oz and $0.15/oz

Approximately how many grams of protein per day should a healthy 21-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: One kilogram = 2.2 pounds.)

48.0

How many grams of protein per day should a healthy 25-year-old man who weighs 85 kg and isn't an athlete consume to meet the RDA for protein? (Tip: The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight.)

68.0

When you add up the costs involved, it's actually less expensive for people to buy coffee drinks from coffee shops than to make their own coffee.

False

chylomicrons store fatty acids in the liver.

False

Review the following descriptions of individuals' weight-loss behaviors. Check the behaviors that are generally recommended by registered dietitian nutritionists because they're safe and reliable. (Check all that apply.)

Jeanne limits the time she spends sitting, using social media, and watching TV. when Sandor orders a meal at a restaurant, he eats only half of the food ad takes the rest home to eat the following day. When Cher wakes up in the morning, she always has a nutrient-dense breakfast.

Which of the following fatty acids has only one double bond in its chain of carbons?

Oleic acid

Which of the following foods is a source of high-quality protein? (Check all that apply.)

Roast turkey; whole milk

Some protein digestion occurs in the stomach.

True

Wilson wants to reduce his risk of cancer. He doesn't smoke; his weight is healthy for his height; and he eats a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Which of the following dietary changes should he make to reduce his risk of cancer? (Check all that apply.)

When taken in the form of dietary supplements, vitamins may be less effective at reducing cancer risk than when the vitamins are consumed as they naturally occur in food.

Which of the following substances is a medication that hasn't been approved by the FDA for weight loss?

Yohimbe

The co-workers in Loraine's office enjoy bringing home-prepared foods to have "potluck" lunches on Fridays. Loraine is concerned about the risk of food-borne illnesses, so she brought a food thermometer to work to test the dishes that were prepared for a recent lunch. Which of the following foods had an internal temperature that was in the danger zone? (Check all that apply.)

a chilled macaroni salad made with mayonnaise at 55°F warm milk, cheese, and potato casserole at 132°F a rotisserie chicken at 130°F

unpasteurized or raw milk should not be fed to children as it may be contaminated with ______. avoid the introduction of honey until age one because honey may contain ____. When choosing foods for infants older than 6 months, candy, whole nuts, coarsely cut meats, raw carrots, popcorn, and a spoonful of peanut butter should be avoided, because they can cause _____. infants should not be fed semisolid foods in a bottle, because this practice can lead to ____. serving excessive amounts of juice should be avoided, because the fructose and sugar alcohol in juice can lead to ___.

bacteria and viruses clostridium botulinum spores chocking overfeeding diarrhea

Which of the following substances are known to have antioxidant activity? (Check all that apply.)

beta-carotene vitamin C

There are several scientific methods of measuring body fat, but most involve large and expensive equipment. Choose the less costly, more practical way(s) to estimate your level of body fat. (Check all that apply.)

bioelectrical impedance skinfold thickness measurements

Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his ________. Multiple Choice

caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure

an agent that is cancer-causing is said to be ____. cancerous cells that divide repeatedly and frequently and do not die are called ____ cells. If these cells grow together to form masses, the masses are called _____. cancerous cells move to and invade other parts of the body. when cancer spreads to other tissues, the disease has ______.

carcinogenic malignant malignant tumors metastasized

A free radical is a _______.

chemically unstable substance that can remove electrons from more stable compounds

Dana is intending to breastfeed her baby after he is born. She's read that the nutrient content of cow's milk differs from that of human milk. Consider the following statements about cow's milk and human milk. (Check all that are true.)

cow's milk contains too much sodium and calcium for a human infant. if consumed during infancy, cow's milk can contribute to intestinal bleeding and iron deficiency

Jack is an ovovegetarian. Based on this information, he will eat _________. (Check all that apply.)

hard-cooked eggs; egg salad sandwich

A Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor

elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; smoking; inactivity; consistent blood pressure values of over 130/80 mm Hg; HDL cholesterol= 31 mg/dL

A person who is overweight has too much body fat.

false

According to results of most scientific studies, taking dietary supplements that contain vitamins E, A, and C significantly reduce the risk of colorectal and skin cancers.

false

To reduce your risk of cancer, you should ______.

include a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods in your diet

Which of the following statements is(are) true about vitamins? (Check all that apply.)

some vitamins are made by bacteria that normally live in the digestive tract. vitamins are organic micronutrients. the body requires vitamin in milligram or microgram amounts. If a vitamin deficiency disorder occurs, it can be cured by consuming foods or taking dietary supplements that contain the vitamin.

Which of the following substances is a fatty acid that has no double bonds in its carbon chain? (Check all that apply.)

stearic acid

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On days when he runs for more than an hour, what should he consume during his run and why?

A sports drink because it provides carbohydrates, electrolytes, and water which help prevent dehydration and improve performance.

Gerald saved several dollars on his weekly food costs by avoiding fast-food restaurants and eating meatless dinners that he prepared at home at least twice a week.

True

Determine whether each meal would be appropriate for a vegan, lactovegetarian, or lacto-ovovegetarian. Drag each meal to its appropriate vegetarian classification.

Vegan= oatmeal made of soy milk and blueberries lactovegetarian= whole-wheat toast with melted cheese and a glass of orange juice. lacto-ovovegetarian= omelet made of two eggs, shredded cheese, and peppers

Regina's grandmother is teaching her how to make mayonnaise. She explains that mayonnaise is made using oil, salt, vinegar (or lemon juice), and egg yolks. Lecithin in the egg yolks acts as an emulsifier. What's an emulsifier?

An emulsifier is a substance that helps fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds mix with each other.

Match the substance to its function in the body.

Vitamin D= absorption of calcium and phosphorus, calcification of bone, maintenance of muscular function vitamin A= normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, immune system function Vitamin E= antioxidant Vitamin K= assists with blood clotting carotenoids= yellow, orange, and red pigments in fruits and vegetables

You can achieve or maintain a healthy body weight by focusing on energy balance. Determine whether each label is a component of the "Energy input" or the "Energy output" side of the energy balance equation. Drag the label to its appropriate classification.

energy input: drinking a glass of wine eating dinner energy output: shivering in response to cold digesting a meal walking with a friend

Many vitamin deficiencies have named diseases. Match the following diseases with the specific vitamin deficiency.

1. ariboflavinosis= riboflavin 2. pellagra= niacin 3. pernicious anemia= vitamin b-12 4. scurvy= vitamin C 5. beriberi= thiamin

Match the following terms with their definitions.

1. condition associated with folate deficiency during pregnancy 2. symptom of early vitamin A deficiency 3. the adult form of rickets characterized by soft bones 4. condition characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells in the bloodstream

Match the following terms with their definitions.

1. toxic amino acid 2. iron-containing portion of hemoglobin 3. form of folate that's in dietary supplements 4. small molecule that contains a vitamin and enables certain enzymes to function 5. chemical name for vitamin C

Put the steps of glucose utilization in the lactic acid energy system in order as they occur in cells.

1. when oxygen is not present, muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate. 2. pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which produces a small amount of ATP. 3. Lactic acid accumulates in muscles and converts to lactate, which enters the bloodstream. 4. liver can convert lactate to glucose. 5. Liver releases glucose into the bloodstream or uses it to make glycogen.

There are __ different _____ that cells can use to make proteins. Each particular protein can be identified by the ____ of its amino acids. The cell's ____ provides instructions for making proteins. the instructions are in the form of a ___. if a wrong amino acid is added to a protein while it's being made, a ___ had occurred.

20; amino acids Arrangement DNA; code mutation

Amino acids are generally classified as either essential or nonessential. Determine whether each label describes an essential or a nonessential amino acid.

essential amino acid- nine of the twenty amino acids contained in the human body. Must be supplied by food in the diet. tryptophan is this type of amino acid nonessential amino acid- the body can make these amino acids aspartic acid is this type of amino acid

Not a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor

total blood cholesterol= 176 mg/dL; LDL cholestero=89; blood triglyceride leveles of 130mg/dL

A fad diet is popular for a period of time and then loses its appeal.

true

If a new mother fails to release oxytocin while she breastfeeds her baby, the let-down reflex won't occur.

true

Determine whether the label scenario's comparison lends to an increased or decreased basal metabolism by dragging the label to its appropriate classification category.

Decreased basal metabolism: having more fat vs. more lean body mass being female vs male. being 5'3" tall and weighing 142 pounds vs being 5'10" and weighing 242 pounds increased basal metabolism: being pregnant vs. not pregnant having a fever vs. being well

During the first 8 weeks, the fertilized egg divides rapidly to form a mass of cells that increases in size and begins to form organs. At this stage, the developing human being is an _____. From 8 weeks after conception until birth, the developing human being is referred to as a _____. during most of pregnancy, the ___ is the organ responsible for nutrient and oxygen transfer from the mother to the developing human being. A developing human being generally needs to spend at least 37 weeks within the uterus to survive after birth without the need for special care. A fetus that's born before the 37th week is ____. At birth, a healthy, mature fetus usually weighs about 6 to 8 pounds and is 19 to 21 inches long. An infant weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds is considered _____.

embryo fetus placenta premature low-birth-weight

While researching healthy ways to lose weight and maintain the loss over time, Anna found the website for the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a group of over 10,000 adult Americans who have lost an average of 66 pounds and maintained the weight loss for at least 5.5 years. According to the website, most NWCR participants tend to _______. (Check all that apply.)

exercise about an hour daily eat a low-calorie, low-fat diet watch less than 10 hours of television per week