Human Origins

Archaeological sites in Australia have been dated to __________ years ago.

55,000

The Skhūl site is dated to approximately ________ years ago

130,000-100,000

According to the most recent evidence, the first modern homo sapiens may have evolved in Africa around______ years ago.

200,000

Anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils from Africa have been dated to about _____ years ago.

200,000-100,000

The ABO system is interesting from an anthropological perspective because it

illustrates that some allele frequencies DO vary among populations

The question of whether modern humans and Neandertals interbred at some point

is established based on genetic evidence

A polytypic species

is one composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of one or more traits

The evolutionary development of the species H. sapiens

is the result of both genetic and environmental factors

Which factors do not influence mate choice?

isolation from other vicinities

Which of following protects from ultraviolet radiation?

melanin

Which of the following contributes most to skin color?

melanin

Melanocytes

produce melanin

In its most common biological usage, the term race

refers to the geographically patterned phenotypic variation within a species

Ultraviolet radiation can be an important factor in selection for increased melanin production because UV radiation can cause which of the following?

skin cancer

. Modern human occupation dates to 50,000 in...

Australia

Which of the following sites in western Europe may offer evidence for genetic continuity between Neandertals and modern humans?

Abrigo do Lagar Velho

Current evidence indicates that the earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils are not exclusively from which geographical location?

Africa

According to Partial Replacement Models, modern humans first appeared in Africa

And interbred with premodern populations of Eurasia, thus partially displacing them

According to the complete replacement model, anatomically modern homo sapiens first appeared in Africa...

And migrated to other areas completely displacing all premodern H. sapiens populaitons

What is the false belief that there is a relationship between physical traits and certain behavioral traits such as intelligence and morality?

Biological Determinism

. Deterministic (or racist) views concerning human variation were once or presently held by all of the following except

Biologists

. _______ is a site in southern France dated to 28,000 years ago. Fossil material from this site became the archetype for Upper Paleolithic Europeans.

Cro-Magnon

Of the sites listed below, which is the most important one for determining the morphology of the earliest Homo sapiens in western Europe?

Cro-Magnon

Biological systems are balanced systems maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for both external and internal changes. Such a balanced system is in

Homeostasis

What is the term for the philosophy of "race improvement" through the forced sterilization of some groups and the encouraged reproduction of others?

Eugenics

Who was responsible for popularizing eugenics among 19th century Europeans?

Francis Galton

The Herto remains are...

From the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia

According to the Regional Continuity Model, ________ prevented local populations of premodern Homo sapiens from becoming separate species.

Gene Flow

Categorizing people on the basis of skin color

has a long history and has been practiced by many peoples

The application of evolutionary principles to the study of human variation

helped replace earlier views based solely on observed phenotypes

The analysis of the Herto remains indicates they are...

Indistinguishable from modern Homo sapiens

The eugenics movement...

Is now discredited view of racial purity

The hypothesis that all modern humans descended from an African lineage

Is supported by by mtDNA

Dark skin is found in populations near the equator. Why?

It protects from the damaging effects of UV radiation on folate.

What does the Regional Continuity Model of modern Homo sapiens origins not propose?

Local populations would not have evolved totally independently from one another

Thus far, the earliest specimens of modern Homo sapiens are from which site?

Omo Kibish

According to the complete replacement model, the transition from pre-modern to modern homo sapiens...

Only occurred once, in Africa

Which of the following has not been proposed as a model to explain the origin of modern homo sapiens?

Several origins in different areas where modern forms evolved from local populations.

Early modern Homo sapiens remains from the Near East include...

Skhul

The frequency of the O allele is almost 100 percent in indigenous

South Americans

Two different Replacement Models have been proposed. They differ from each other with respect to which of the following?

The origin and dispersal of the first modern human populations

The Abrigo do Lagar Velho specimen is an important discovery that aids in the understanding of possible interbreeding between Neandertals and anatomically modern H. sapiens because the remains

The remains are a highly mixed set of anatomical features

What is significant about areas in the DNA that contain repeated segments?

They are the basis for DNA fingerprinting

Acclimatization refers to which of the following?

an individual's short-term physiological responses to the environment

What causes rickets?

an insufficient amount of vitamin D

Lactose intolerance can be characterized by all of the following except

does not involve a person's ability to digest milk

Population geneticists use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to determine

whether allele frequencies in a population are changing