Human Sexuality Final

There are a number of reasons why relationships fail, one of which is an imbalance of decision-making power. What does a healthy balance of power imply? (choose more than one answer)

-A division of duties are made by mutual agreement. -Partners are allowed to have different activities that they prefer to do.

Ophelia left her abuser a few weeks ago but decided to give the relationship a second chance. She is not alone, estimate suggest victims will leave five times before making a clean break (Anderson, 2003; Roberts, Wolfer & Mele, 2008). What are some suggested reason for Ophelia's return?

-A lack of financial resources. -Feelings of love towards the abuser. -Loneliness -Fear of being harmed or even killed.

In regards to sexuality in China, which of the following has been found to be true? (select all the answer that apply)

-Condoms are freely sold in China -If a sexually active teen becomes pregnant she is very likely to have an abortion

Which of the following has been found to be true in regards to the G-spot in women? (multiple answers)

-Evidence suggests it can be found in the upper third of the vagina from the opening. -Not all women report having a G-spot

According to your text which of the following is a limitation to using telephone surveys?

-Many people use cell phones instead of landlines. -Some people may not take a phone interview seriously.

According to your text, what are the symptoms associated with endometriosis?

-Severe pain both before and during periods. -Pain during sexual intercourse

In regards to the hymen, which of the following two answers are true?

-Some women are born without an intact hymen -The hymen can be separated by strenuous physical activity.

What are the advantages of a vasectomy over a tubal ligation?

-Vasectomies are cheaper -Vasectomies are less invasive -Vasectomies are safer

The matching hypothesis suggests...

-we fear finding a much more attractive partner, because then the risk of rejection is higher. -we generally seek out romantic partners who posses a similar level of physical attractiveness as ourselves.

What distinguishes normal childhood sexual behaviors from problematic sexual behaviors?

-where the activity takes place -when the activity takes place -only the pervasiveness of the activity -only the intensity of the activity

Approximately ________ legal abortions occur in the United States each year.

1 million

Infertility problems affect about ________ couples of reproductive age.

10%

What percentage of women routinely experience orgasm through sexual intercourse exclusively?

25-30%

Condoms have a _____ failure rate when used correctly and consistently.

3%

In the U.S., nearly ________ of all pregnancies are unplanned.

50%

What percentage of people who know that they have HIV continue to practice unsafe sex and do not tell their partners about their HIV status?

64%

According to your text, what is the formal definition of premature ejaculation?

A pattern of ejaculation during sexual activity with a partner within one minute following vaginal penetration and before he wishes it.

As discussed in your text, a condom company wanted to do a study to determine the average penis length in males and set up a tent outside a popular nightclub in Cancun, Mexico to find this out. What was the problem with this?

A self-selection bias, wherein only those who wanted to participate did. .

One of the challenges of Depo-Provera is that the return of fertility can take how long after discontinuation?

A year

Sophia is surprised to learn that a high percentage of new HIV infections are among people of her race/ethnicity. In fact, approximately 50 percent of new cases of HIV are among ________.

African Americans

What is the relationship between gender and paraphilias?

An overwhelming majority of people engaging in paraphilias are males

Which of the following is a myth regarding anal intercourse?

Anal intercourse occurs exclusively among gay male couples

In men, why does the scrotum loosen and allow the testicles to hang lower after a hot bath or shower (or if a man has a high fever)?

As to allow the testicules to be a cooler temperature.

What is the best way to discover one's partner's preferences for being touched?

Ask your partner how he or she likes to be touched.

Which of the following is a research finding about the effects of physical attractiveness?

Attractive people are found guilty less often in court

Why does a complaint turn into a criticism?

Because it's not acknowledged and dealt with in some way.

Juan and George are a gay couple and would like to adopt a child. All of the following statements would be true of their experiences in the United States expect for which one?

Because they are both men, they will only be allowed to adopt a male child.

Which of the following is an example of the proximity effect?

Carla and Dan attended the same college and married each other.

In regards to male genitalia, the _______ and the _________ are the parts that men report to be the most sexually sensitive.

Corona, frenulum

When a woman becomes sexually aroused, whether or not sexual intercourse takes place, the inner two-thirds of the vagina continue to expand n a process called tenting. Many researchers suspect that this tenting does what?

Create a place for semen to pool directly under the cervix.

The incidence of testicular cancer has increased more than 50% since the 1970s. Though scientists are not sure why, there is some speculation it is the result of what?

Exposure to environmental toxins

T/F Informed consent does not need to be obtained from the parents if minors participate in a large study.

False

T/F Once a person agrees to be a part of a study, they wave any right of confidentiality.

False

Selena has an outbreak of herpes sores. Her doctor tells her that she has to be extra careful because her risk of contracting HIV is twofold, possibly because __________.

HIV can be transmitted through herpes sores

According to your text, the Standard Days method is only recommended to women who what?

Have fairly regular menstrual cycles

Ted has transvestic fetishism. Which of these statements is true about him?

He achieves sexual arousal by wearing female clothing.

If John is typical of most math and science teachers, which of the following would be true of how he views male students?

He will have more positive attitudes and maintain higher expectations of boys as compared to girls.

In her health class, Joyce learns that kissing poses a risk for which of the following infections?

Herpes

Abe has lost his sexual desire. According to his sex therapist, he has _________.

Hypoactive sexual desire

Your human sexuality class has been discussing HIV. Another student raises his hand and says to the professor, "I'm confused. How can you say that HIV antibodies are found in oral fluids, yet saliva does not transmit HIV?" As a student, you have read extensively on the subject for your research paper. What can you add to the class discussion to provide clarification to this student?

In general, there is not an adequate amount of the virus in saliva to be transmissible.

When a man and a woman are flirting with each other, it's usually the woman who _______.

Initiates the first touch

Why doe the text point out that alcohol is the most common "antisex drug?"

It can inhibit penile erection and clitoral engorgement.

Lena is interested in using the intrauterine device (IUD) as her form of contraception. What should she know about it?

It has been shown to be a hassle-free, effective method.

What is one of the major drawbacks of emergency hormonal contraception (also known as the "morning-after pill")?

It is only up to 75% effective in preventing pregnancy.

Which of the following statements is true of the exotic becomes erotic (EBE) theory of sexual orientation developed by Daryl Bem?

It suggests that gay men and lesbians are more likely to have gender-nonconforming behaviors in childhood.

Early in the chapter, the author mentions a study that found parents who took a human sexuality course in college were more likely to discuss various aspects of sexuality with their children and use correct terminology when doing so. According an unrelated discussion in your text, what might be a flaw in this study?

Just because two things are correlated does not mean one caused the other. (Afterall, people who take human sexuality may be more open to discuss it to begin with).

According to your text, proper care of an infant boy's uncircumcised penis can be summarized into one sentence. What sentence is that?

Leave it alone

When it comes to talking to their children about sex, why is there a gap between what parents believe they ought to do and what they really do?

Many parents are unsure that they have sufficient and accurate information.

Sue thinks there's something wrong with her because when she and her husband have sex, she has difficulty achieving orgasm from intercourse alone. If Sue came to you for advice about this, what would you tell her?

Many women don't achieve orgasm from intercourse alone because the thrusting of the penis may not provide enough stimulation to the clitoris.

Caresa has a somewhat irregular menstrual cycle ranging from 21 to 35 days. Are Caresa and her partner good candidates for the Standard Days method of birth control?

No, because it is very difficult to accurately predict when she ovulates and therefore which days are "safe" from pregnancy.

Based upon the research evidence, which contraceptive method appears to be most effective for preventing pregnancies?

Oral contraception

Of the alternatives described in the text to Masters and Johnson's Four-Stage Model, which one described the peak of sexual arousal or orgasm, as a surrender - the giving of oneself both mentally and physically to the culmination of sexual intimacy?

Reed's Erotic Stimulus Pathway Theory

Kalib and Zinnia finished making love and are now thinking about their sexual encounter in order to bring meaning to it. According to Erotic Stimulus Pathway Theory, they are in the _________ stage.

Reflection

As discussed in your text, why should you be careful not to take the survey results found in a popular magazine too seriously?

Responses are biased as they are only coming from the readers of the magazine who bother to respond

Jim and Jenny are teenagers. They have been talking about having oral sex instead of sexual intercourse because they do not want to become parents. What information about oral sex should you share with these teens?

STIs can be spread through oral sex.

One of the radical ideas that Margaret Sanger proposed was the separation of ____________ from ___________.

Sex, reproduction

Helen Singer Kaplan, among others, criticized Masters and Johnson's model of sexual response because it failed to include consideration of _________.

Sexual desire

Which of the following statements is true about sexual orientation and protected classes in discrimination law?

Sexual orientation is considered a protected class in approximately half of U.S. states.

Which of the following is true with regard to treatment effectiveness?

Statistics on treatment effectiveness are usually obtained from the criminal justice system.

Most historians trace the true beginning of the current, powerful gay rights movement to the ________.

Stonewall riot in New York City

Based on Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, this type reflects a relationship characterized by peace, security and stability. Though couples in this type of relationship are not necessarily high on passion, they do friendship as a central feature - even if the love ends.

Storge love

Which of the following is NOT an argument presented in chapter one as a reason for taking a human sexuality class?

Students who receive on have been found to have fewer sexual partners

Partners who find themselves in abusive relationships end up in a cycle of violence. At one point in the cycle, partners will realize that the only way to maintain harmony and relieve tension is to do whatever it takes to calm things down, including putting up with yelling and threats. What part of the cycle is this?

Tension-building phase

In order to observe the physiological responses of sexual activity, Masters and Johnson observed participants having sex. However, they were concerned that people would have emotional difficulties having sex in front of observers. What did they do to rectify this?

They made sure that participants had the opportunity to have sex privately in the research quarters.

Kenny and Lula do not know how to touch each other sexually. Which of the following is a technique developed by Masters and Johnson that can be used by couples to learn to touch each other?

Use hands as a guide to illustrate how and where each partner wants to be touched.

Why is it difficult to determine whether there is a trend with regard to marriage and cohabitation for same-sex couples in the U.S.?

What is legally considered as marriage for same-sex couples varies by state.

According to Gottman, it is _______ that determines the happiness and success of a relationship.

a couple's style of fighting and arguing

Which of these men is most clearly demonstrating that he has a homosexual orientation?

a man who is sexually attracted only to men, though he has not yet engaged in homosexual behavior

Your professor asks you to give an example of a paraphilia behavior that is harmful or destructive to the person engaging in it. What example can you give?

a person who enjoys receiving pain to the point of serious injury

Sandra Bem's groundbreaking gender research in the 1970s proposed ________.

a two-dimensional model of gender

According to your text, Masters and Johnson (1966) found that if a woman receives additional stimulation following orgasm, she may be capable of what?

achieving an additional orgam

Some have argued that differences exist in humans as part of nature's grand design, which has enabled humans to survive and evolve as a species. From this perspective, the reason men are more aggressive and women are more intuitive is that these characteristics are considered ________.

adaptive mechanisms

The paraphilias are considered in the context of two categories, those that ________.

are nonvictimizing and those that involve nonconsenting victims

When researchers find gender differences—such as men's sexual interest and desires being greater than women's—they are basing their conclusions on ________.

averages

Like the majority of older people his age, Brian has found that the most common reason he stopped having sex is ________.

because he buys into cultural expectations that at his age sex is inappropriate

Christopher has been diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. If he displayed the most common physical signs and symptoms, which of the following would that include?

breast development in puberty

Patrice has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection that caused her to have thick, cloudy discharge secreting from her vagina. If gonorrhea has been ruled out as a diagnosis, she will most likely be diagnosed with ________.

chlamydia

Stimulation of this part of the female's sexual anatomy either directly, or indirectly, is primarily responsible for producing orgasm.

clitoral glans

Several criteria are used to determine whether a sexual behavior is a paraphilia. One criterion requires that the behavior be recurrent. In fact, the person may not be able to stop the undesirable behavior. This is the _____ component of paraphilias.

compulsive

Sexual behaviors observed in children, such as masturbation or play that involves exploring one another's sexual bodies, is ________.

considered a normal sign of children's curiosity about the body

A woman would be in second stage labor when ________.

contractions involve the muscles of the abdomen as well as the uterus

Many, if not most, of the studies conducted in the field of human sexuality use which type of research?

correlational research

If James is a frotteurist, he enjoys ________.

crowded subways

Joyce is researching the impact of access to sexually explicit materials. Her study suggests that greater access to sexually explicit material may ________.

decrease sex crimes

Between 1991 and 2011, the overall teen birthrate in the U.S. ________.

decreased significantly

If Dr. Johnson was a researcher with the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, more than likely he ________.

did not tell the participants that they were infected with syphilis

The most common position for coitus in Western cultures is the man on top, face-to-face position. What is a disadvantage of the man-on-top coital position?

difficult for clitoral stimulation by the man

What is a disadvantage of the man-on-top coital position?

difficult for the man to stimulate the clitoris

Mike is taking a health class his senior year. He is surprised to learn that, compared to teens, condom usage rates actually ________ in the older 18-24 age group.

drop significantly

During childbirth, Jennifer received pain medication that involved the insertion of a small tube near the base of her spine and into the fluid that surrounded her spinal cord. Doctors refer to this method as a(an) _____.

epidural

Zora has a persistent inability to attain an adequate lubrication-swelling response of sexual excitement. She probably has _______.

female sexual arousal disorder

Which coital position offers the woman the most control over speed of thrusting, movement, and angle of penetration?

female-superior

According to the research on homosexuality and suicide, gay and lesbian teens consider, attempt and complete suicide in ________ proportion(s) to straight teens.

greater

When male-to-female transsexuals receive the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, which of the following changes is likely to result?

growth of facial hair decreases

Immediately upon fertilization, a hormone called ________ begins to be released; pregnancy tests measure the level of this hormone in a woman's urine to determine pregnancy.

hCG

Which of the following can accurately predict first sexual intercourse?

if a person has been in a romantic relationship during the previous 18 months

Terrence is a "gay basher." Reaction formation suggests that people like this may be ________.

in deep denial that they themselves are closeted homosexuals

Programs that teach teens only abstinence have been shown to ________.

increase the spread of STIs among teens

As an exhibitionist, Eric's sexual arousal usually ________.

increases if his victim shows shock

Ryan was born genetically male but has external genitals that are completely female. He would be referred to as _______.

intersexed

Barry and Barbara confide to their family members that their baby is a "test tube baby," which means that ________.

it was fertilized outside its mother's body

It is not uncommon for women to experience pain during intercourse, with up to 40% of women reporting such happening occasionally. The most common cause for this is what?

lack of adequate vaginal lubrication

In terms of same-sex friendships, boys tend to have ________ groups of friends, while girls typically have ________ groups of friends.

larger; smaller

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade accomplished which of the following?

legalized abortion procedures in the United States

Rae-Ann learns in law school that the 1973 Supreme Court decision related to defining obscene sexually explicit materials largely put the decision in the hands of ________.

local governments

Ian obtains sexual arousal and gratification when either fantasizes about being—or is actually—hurt or humiliated. This is called _______.

masochism

Research on sex differences in the experience and content of sexual fantasy reveals that _______.

men are more likely than women to fantasize about sex with a mysterious partner

In a study comparing pornographic videos made by men for men (pure explicit sex) with videos designed by women for women (explicit sex with more plot and partner interaction), it was found that ________.

men rated all the videos more positively than did the women

Recent research on the health benefits of orgasm reveals that _________.

men who have two or more orgasms per week live significantly longer than men who have fewer

Miranda got her first period at age 13. She discovers that the term used to describe a girl's first menstrual period is ________.

menarche

Monica works as a prostitute; she has found that most of her customers are ________.

middle- to upper-class, educated, and married males

The risk level associated with contracting herpes, genital warts, and pubic lice while having vaginal intercourse with a condom is ________.

moderate to high

Which of the following is a way of determining if the cause of a man's erectile dysfunction is physiological?

monitor erections during REM sleep

After a vasectomy, a man is not considered to be infertile until he has given two samples of his semen up to four months after surgery. This is to make sure that _____.

no sperm cells have been left in his reproductive tract

Tony does not know it, but he has HPV. If his case is like most cases, the infection will clear his body within:

one or two years without causing any severe health problems.

What is fellatio?

oral stimulation of a man's genitals

Luke has experienced erectile difficulty on several occasions. As a result, he developed a fear of not being able to achieve an erection. Luke has _______.

performance anxiety

Susan gave birth to a normally formed infant 32 weeks after conception. Medically speaking, this is referred to as a(n) _______ birth.

pre-term

Andrew, Terry, and Eugene are in a support group for voyeurs. One thing they all have in common as voyeurs is that they ________.

prefer to remain unseen while watching their victims without their consent

Which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems for adults?

problems achieving erection

Which of the following is a cause of male orgasmic disorder?

psychological issues

What does "sex flush" refer to?

reddening of the skin of the chest and abdomen

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act, which did all the following except ________.

require victims to return home and testify against their trafficker

According to the text, research on forced-sex fantasy in women reveals that in the fantasy the woman _______.

sees herself as powerful

Male prostitutes ________.

sell their services primarily to other males

Lionel is experiencing the sensation of ejaculatory inevitability. This means that _________.

semen has built up in his urethral bulb and ejaculation is imminent

Historically, prostitution has been thought of, and often legally defined, as ________.

sex acts provided by a female to a male

One study described in the text to support reaction formation theory found that those men who scored highest on homophobia became ________.

sexually aroused in response to a gay male video

Alyssa is a 40-year-old woman has difficulty achieving orgasm with her partner, but is able to do so during masturbation. This would suggest that her problem is _______ and not ________ .

situational, generalized

A researcher observed young girls whispering in front of other children with the intent of making them feel left out on a playground. How would the researcher best label this behavior?

social alienation

A condition wherein a person is focused on themselves mentally and not on their partner during lovemaking is called what?

spectatoring

Exceptions to our first amendment on freedom of speech include all of the following except ________.

speech that describes our beliefs

Low levels of _______ are linked with low levels of arousal.

testosterone

According to Professor Jenkins, the problem with fighting child pornography is that ________.

the legal crackdown prevents serious research to study and uncover how it functions

Which of the following is an example of the pressure sex workers face when engaging in prostitution?

threats of harm by their boyfriend or husband if they do not earn money by prostituting themselves

Pat is biologically female but perceives her gender as male. Which of the following terms best describes her?

transgendered

Research using identical twins indicates that ________.

when one member of a pair of identical twins is gay or lesbian, the chances are higher that the other twin will share that same sexual orientation

Rodney is studying the link between hormones and one's orientation. The research suggests that hormones probably affect one's sexual orientation ________.

while the fetus is in the uterus

A major difference between male and female gonads, is that male gonads ___________, whereas female gonads ____________.

will produce sperm throughout a man's life; will have not produce any additional ova after the woman's birth.

What is the primary reason as to why women are more likely to get urinary tract infections than men?

women's urethra are considerably shorter than men's