Human Sexuality - MDC - SOP2772 Quiz #1

Your middle-aged friend, Beth, is fearful about the physical and psychological effects of menopause. What factual information can you offer her to separate truth from fiction?

Menopause brings decreased production of estrogen and progesterone, an end to menstruation, and an end to the possibility of conception. Her breasts and uterus will decrease in size. The inner walls of the vagina will thin, and the number of small blood vessels in the pelvic area will decline. Some women also experience other changes; possibilities include an increased tendency to gain weight, changes in skin color and texture, osteoporosis, hot flashes, and mood changes. Menopause may bring temporary changes in her level of sexual desire, but it need not markedly affect her sexual functioning. She may feel sad to mark the end of one phase of life, but she may also feel liberated by the end of menstruation and the possibility of pregnancy.

The recent study on American sexual behavior that is generally considered the most accurate is the a. National Health and Social Life Survey. b. Janus Report on Sexual Behavior. c. Redbook survey. d. American Couples study.

a. National Health and Social Life Survey

The idea that sexuality is at the core of personality development and affects adult life and mental health is most associated with a. Henry Havelock Ellis. b. Sigmund Freud. c. Alfred Kinsey. d. Helena Wright.

b. Sigmund Freud.

Research on sexual behavior in the United States indicates that since World War II a. changes have been very slight compared with those that occurred during the Victorian era. b. very significant changes in attitudes and behaviors have occurred. c. men's sexual attitudes and behaviors have changed significantly; however, no similar change has occurred among women. d. changes in sexual attitudes and behaviors have occurred mainly among middle-class whites and have not spread to other groups

b. very significant changes in attitudes and behaviors have occurred.

How has HIV changed American sexual behavior? a. Fear of HIV infection has resulted in more people abstaining from sex before marriage. b. Nonmarital sexual activity has declined. c. Awareness of the need to make sexual decisions with care has increased. d. Premarital sexual activity has increased dramatically among women but not among men.

c. Awareness of the need to make sexual decisions with care has increased.

Which of the following factors would be most critical to ensuring that a survey on condom use among students at your institution gave statistically reliable and generalizable results? a. Who conducted the study and when it was conducted during the academic year b. The length of the questionnaire and how respondents returned it to the researchers c. The representativeness of the sample and the response rate of the participants d. Whether questions were multiple choice or true/false and the reading level of the participants

c. The representativeness of the sample and the response rate of the participants

A Eurocentric perspective is most accurately described as a. a nonjudgmental approach. b. one that allows for diversity. c. a viewpoint based on European culture. d. an egalitarian

c. a viewpoint based on European culture.

Alfred Kinsey contributed greatly to our understanding of sexual behavior by a. writing a marriage manual that opposed the restrictions of the Victorian age. b. developing a theory of psychosexual development that emphasized childhood sexuality. c. interviewing thousands of Americans about their sexual behavior and attitudes. d. collecting laboratory data on sexual responses.

c. interviewing thousands of Americans about their sexual behavior and attitudes.

According to Richard von Krafft-Ebing, the cause of all sexual deviations is a. a brain disorder. b. childhood sexual abuse. c. masturbation. d. unconscious conflict.

c. masturbation.

Among the factors contributing to changes in sexual attitudes and behavior in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s were a. the counterculture's questioning of social institutions and authority. b. the advertising industry's emphasis on sex appeal and sexual freedom. c. shifting attitudes toward the roles of men and women. d. All of these

d. All of these

Before completing a questionnaire about her sexual attitudes and behavior, Nancy reads and signs a statement in which she agrees that she understands the purpose of the study and what will be expected of her as a participant. What ethical principle is involved here? a. Evaluation of the value of the study versus risks to participants b. Confidentiality c. Protection from psychological and physical harm d. Informed consent

d. Informed consent

What is the difference between PMS and PMDD?

PMS—premenstrual syndrome—is a set of unpleasant, uncomfortable symptoms that some women experience just before or during menstruation; possible symptoms include headaches, backaches, fatigue, and cramps as well as irritability and various types of emotional distress. If the emotional distress is severe, the set of symptoms is sometimes diagnosed as PMDD—premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Lisa's HMO stresses the importance of having annual Pap smears performed. Why?

Pap smears have been credited with being responsible for a 70-percent decline in deaths from cervical cancer, which is particularly dangerous because no symptoms may appear for several years. A Pap smear may detect both the precancerous or early cancer cells of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] and the more advanced malignancy known as invasive cancer of the cervix [ICC].

Discuss changes in testosterone levels as a man ages.

The concentration of male hormones in the body declines very gradually through a man's mid-forties, and by age 75 his testosterone levels often have dropped as much as 90 percent compared with his testosterone levels before the age of 30. Furthermore, as a man ages, more testosterone becomes chemically bound to blood proteins, or plasma, reducing the free, unbound testosterone.

Describe similarities and differences between the penis and clitoris in sexual functioning

The glans clitoris and glans penis are the most sensitive parts of the genitalia. During arousal, similar vascular processes cause the penis and the clitoris to enlarge, harden, and become erect. However, as a woman approaches orgasm, the glans retracts under the prepuce. In contrast to the female urethra, which carries only urine, the urethra of the penis carries both urine and semen.